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Notes
1 Landau, Spear; Edgar, Josie Mpama/Palmer; Kirkaldy, Everyday Communists; Ndlovu, The Union of South Africa and the Soviet Union; Macmillan, The Lusaka Years; Maloka, The South African Communist Party; Wieder, Ruth First and Joe Slovo.
2 These debates are most prominently associated with Ellis, External Mission.
3 Lodge, Red Road to Freedom, 452.
4 Ibid., 17.
5 For example, van der Walt, “Anarchism and Syndicalism in an African Port City.”
6 Lodge, Red Road to Freedom, 48, 51.
7 Ibid., 70–72; see Krikler, White Rising.
8 Lodge, Red Road to Freedom, 80.
9 Ibid., 110.
10 Ibid., 106.
11 Ibid., 111.
12 Ibid., 159.
13 Ibid., 282.
14 Ibid., 291.
15 For an early summary and critique of the literature on SACTU see Lambert, “Political Unionism in South Africa.” ambert.
16 Lodge, Red Road to Freedom, 371.
17 Ibid., 336.
18 Ibid., 356.
19 Ibid., 384.
20 Ibid., 436.
21 Matajo [Ray Alexander], “Obstacle on the Road to Trade Union Unity,” 44; Joe Slovo, “No Middle Road,” 204; Slovo, “J.B. Marks,” 84.
22 Legassick, “Debating the Revival of the Workers’ Movement in the 1970s”; Hemson, Legassick, and Ulrich, “White Activists and the Revival of the Workers’ Movement.”.
23 Lodge, Red Road to Freedom, 445–46.
24 Ibid., 473.
25 Ibid., 465.
26 Sinwell and Mbatha, The Spirit of Marikana.
27 Lodge, Red Road to Freedom, 484.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Alex Lichtenstein
Alex Lichtenstein is Professor of History and American Studies at Indiana University and the former editor in chief of the American Historical Review (2017–21). He has written extensively about race relations in the U.S. labor movement, interracial agrarian radicalism, early civil rights struggles, and the impact of anticommunism on the labor and civil rights movements, in both the U.S. and South Africa. He is the author of Margaret Bourke-White and the Dawn of Apartheid (with Rick Halpern) based on a photography exhibited curated at Indiana University and in South Africa. His essays on South African history and politics have appeared in the LA Review of Books, The Johannesburg Review of Books, and Public Books. His current research focuses on the history of Black trade unions under apartheid. He has two projects in the works: a short study of the Durban strikes of 1973, and a longer history of Black workers and industrial relations in twentieth-century South Africa, tentatively entitled Making Apartheid Work.