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Articles

The agentive power of play in theatre for young people: a Zimbabwean case study

Le pouvoir d'agence de la scène au théâtre pour les jeunes: Une étude de cas zimbabwéenne

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Pages 166-181 | Received 07 Oct 2021, Accepted 19 May 2022, Published online: 28 Nov 2022
 

Abstract

Popular arts are not only accessible to most people, but their stylistic features are also a crucial scholarly site of attention. Liz Gunner [1990. “Introduction: Forms of Popular Culture and the Struggle for Space.” Journal of Southern African Studies 16 (2): 199–206] regards African popular art as an empowering agency that can give people a new sense of control over their own lives. Through processes of improvisation, enactment and dialogue, such popular arts create spaces for participants to not only express themselves, but also to exercise power and authority over forces of oppression and repression. In African storytelling the trickster narrative is one of the aesthetic categories and is indeed the trope from which popular theatre in Africa has derived most of its inspiration. Using the illustrative paradigm of a popular theatre performance entitled, Vana Vana (Children are children), this article seeks to demonstrate how symbolic inversion was used to address topical issues associated with child abuse in Zimbabwe. The performance focuses on the violation of children’s rights through child labour, domestic violence, sexual abuse, child soldiers and ‘street children.’ The article examines these forms of child abuse to see how Vana Vana operates as a performative discourse that deploys trickster narrative to critique actual violations of children’s rights. The article also examines the agentive power of the young theatre facilitators and performers who were at the centre of devising the popular theatre performance through symbolic inversion. What the paper demonstrates, then, is a classic example of the performative power of popular youth theatre and its agency to critique and hold accountable a dominant culture that endangers the lives and futures of young people.

Non seulement les arts populaires sont accessibles à la plupart des gens, mais leurs caractéristiques stylistiques fait aussi lieu d'une attention scientifique essentielle. Liz Gunner (1990) considère l'art populaire africain comme une agence d'autonomisation qui peut donner aux gens un nouveau sentiment de contrôle sur leur propre vie. Grâce aux processus d'improvisation, de mise en scène et de dialogue, ces arts populaires créent des espaces permettant aux participants non seulement de s'exprimer, mais aussi d'exercer leur pouvoir et leur autorité sur les forces d'oppression et de répression. Dans la narration africaine, le récit filou est une catégorie esthétique et est, en effet, un trope dont le théâtre populaire en Afrique a tiré l'essentiel de son inspiration. En utilisant le paradigme illustratif d'une représentation théâtrale populaire, intitulée Vana Vana (Les enfants sont des enfants), cet article cherche à démontrer comment l'inversion symbolique a été utilisée pour aborder les problèmes d'actualité associés à la maltraitance des enfants au Zimbabwe. Le spectacle se concentre sur la violation des droits des enfants par le travail des enfants, la violence domestique, les abus sexuels, les enfants soldats et les « enfants des rues ». L'article examine ces formes de maltraitance des enfants pour examiner comment Vana Vana fonctionne comme un discours performatif qui déploie un récit filou pour critiquer les violations réelles des droits de l'enfant. L'article examine également le pouvoir agentif des jeunes animateurs et interprètes de théâtre qui étaient au centre de la conception de la représentation théâtrale populaire par inversion symbolique. L'article démontre un exemple classique du pouvoir performatif du théâtre populaire pour les jeunes et de son agence pour critiquer et tenir pour responsable une culture dominante qui met en danger la vie et l'avenir des jeunes.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Statement of Ethics

At the time this study was conducted, Tshwane University of Technology did not require ethical approval to be sought for this type of research.

Notes

1 Interview with Daniel Maposa, Harare, 8 October 2002. Savannah Arts was originally founded by the renowned Zimbabwean poet Titus Moetsabi as a township based popular arts and community-based theatre company before Nicholas Mkaronda broke away from the original group to establish Alternative Savannah Arts. Daniel Maposa assumed sole directorship of the organization upon the departure of Nicholas Mkaronda and re-established the group as Savannah Trust in 2006.

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