Physiological and pathophysiological implications of hydrogen sulfide: a persuasion to change the fate of the dangerous molecule

Abstract

H₂S is considered as a lethal ‘gas of rotten eggs,’ and recognized for hundreds of years as a toxicant. The gas can be harmful even if present as low as 0.05 ppm. The increase in its concentration causes ocular and respiratory problems. Exposure to the concentration of 1000 ppm can result in death. It was in 1990 when a surprise presence of H₂S in rat and human brain tissues was revealed. Since then, so many vistas have been opened of this context. This paper reviews the burgeoning literature realted to H₂S with profound role in mammalian physiology and its pathophysiologicaly. Despite known to be toxic, but at tiny concentrations in human and cell biology the gas has been found to play key signaling and regulatory functions. Herein, we report conjoint physiological, pathophysiological, and therapeutic aspects of the target molecule. From the overall study, it is eminent that a vast field is yet to be explored with regard to the mechanism of its biological action. Developing molecular models feasible for both in vivo and in vitro experiments and some other key roles are the future quests of this molecue. Hence, the study is an emphasis to trigger a persuasion among researchers to bring forth the scientific revelation of this molecule in connection with changing its toxic nature to human beneficiary.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• Gasotransmitters
• physiological
• pathophysiology
• therapeutic
• hydrogen sulphide