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Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Revue canadienne des soins respiratoires et critiques et de la médecine du sommeil
Volume 8, 2024 - Issue 2
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History of Respiratory Medicine in Canada

Birth and development of respiratory medicine at Université de Montréal: From phthisiology to respiratory medicine

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Pages 81-88 | Received 03 Jan 2024, Accepted 18 Jan 2024, Published online: 28 Feb 2024
 

Abstract

The authors relate the history of respiratory medicine in the network of hospitals treating adult patients and affiliated to the Université de Montréal in the 20th century. The Institut Bruchési, the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur and the professors of the Faculty of Medicine of Université de Montréal played a founding role in the organization of health care and teaching of phthisiology. They were active actors in the slow transition from phthisiology to pneumology from 1940 onward. The successive founding of the Hôpital sanatorium Rosemont and of Institut Lavoisier in 1950 represent the key landing steps of research on other respiratory diseases besides tuberculosis. From 1960 to 1970, phthisiology evolved to pneumology: through the development of respiratory physiology; the public health concerns regarding the impact of smoking, causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer; the changing status of sanatoria that became general hospitals; the increased frequency of asthma, sleep apnea and occupational lung disease; and the therapeutic breakthroughs offered by oxygen therapy, rehabilitation and lung transplant. The practice of pneumology is greatly influenced by medical imaging as well as the interventionist and multidisciplinary approach in a network of hospitals with a resolutely academic intention.

RÉSUMÉ

Cet article présente l’histoire de la médecine respiratoire dans le réseau des hôpitaux traitant des patients adultes et affiliés à l’Université de Montréal au 20ième siècle. L’Institut Bruchési, l’Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur et les professeurs de la Faculté de médecine de l’Université de Montréal ont joué un rôle fondateur dans l’organisation des soins et de l’enseignement de la phtisiologie. Il montre la lente transition de la phtisiologie vers les premières orientations liées à la pneumologie à partir des années 1940. Les créations successives de l’Hôpital sanatorium Rosemont et de l’Institut Lavoisier en 1950 constituent des moments clés de l’émergence des premières recherches sur les maladies respiratoires autres que la tuberculose. À partir de la décennie 1960–1970, la phtisiologie évolue vers la pneumologie: par les développements en physiologie respiratoire; les préoccupations de la santé publique rattachées au tabagisme, comme cause des maladies pulmonaires obstructives chroniques et des cancers bronchiques; la mutation des sanatoriums en hôpitaux généraux; l’augmentation de la fréquence de l’asthme, des apnées du sommeil et des maladies respiratoires professionnelles; et des approches thérapeutiques de l’oxygénothérapie, de la réadaptation et des greffes pulmonaires. La pratique de la pneumologie est très influencée par l’imagerie radiologique, l’approche dite interventioniste et une approche multidisciplinaire dans un réseau d’hôpitaux à statut résolument universitaire.

This article is a translation of:
Naissance et évolution de la médecine respiratoire à l’Université de Montréal: De la phtisiologie à la pneumologie

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the following physicians who read this manuscript and proposed additions: from Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, André Cartier, Jacques Malo and Maurice Myre; from Hôpital Saint-Luc, Marc Chassé; from Hôtel-Dieu, Gaston Ostiguy and Philippe Bolduc; and from Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Alain Beaupré. The authors would also like to express their gratitude to the editor-in-chief, Dr James Martin, and the editor emeritus Dr Louis-Philippe Boulet, for their enthusiastic support and helpful suggestions in the process of preparing this manuscript.

Author contributions

Denis Goulet wrote the first part of the article and Jean-Luc Malo the second, beginning with the section entitled: From phthisiology to pneumo-phthisiology and to pneumology in new general hospitals affiliated with the Université de Montréal. Both authors shared preparation of the final manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.

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