Graphs in the 1680s: Martin Lister, Robert Plot, William Molyneux and John Warner

Abstract

In late 1683, the physician and F.R.S. Martin Lister displayed to the Royal Society a new way of recording barometric observations, which amounted in all but name to the construction of line graphs. The innovation was communicated to the Oxford Philosophical Society, where Robert Plot used the method to display a year’s observations, published in the Philosophical Transactions early in 1685. At the Dublin Philosophical Society, William Molyneux displayed a month’s worth of observations kept in the same way during May 1684. Lister’s own engraved forms—what amounted to graph paper—circulated among these groups but are not known to survive; Molyneux had forms of his own engraved. Finally, the London instrument maker John Warner engraved his own version of a similar form for recording weather observations and offered it to Plot. Two exemplars survive, but neither Warner’s offer nor this graphical method itself seem to have been more widely taken up in this period. This paper reviews the evidence for this early interest in and promotion of line graphs and graph paper, a century before the wider uptake of these technologies.

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Addendum to ‘Graphs in the 1680s: Martin Lister, Robert Plot, William Molyneux and John Warner’.

Acknowledgements

My thanks to two anonymous referees and to the editor of the BJHM for their useful advice and forebearance as this story burgeoned beyond its original limits.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rstl.1685.0022. It can be seen instead at https://archive.org/details/philosophicaltra1516roya/page/n91/mode/2up.

2 emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/w/944839.

3 British Library call number 816.m.7.(103). The sheet is listed as item R171771 in the Electronic Short-Title Catalogue: see http://estc.bl.uk/R171771.