References
- Rhee CK, Park YS, Long SA, Jung TT, Davarnony D. Effects of platelet activating factor on vascular permeability of the middle ear mucosa. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997;106:604–7.
- Goldie P, Jung TT, Hellstrom S. Arachidonic acid metabo-lites in experimental otitis media and effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1993;102:954–60.
- Boisvert P, Wasserman SI, Schiff M, Ryan AF. Histamine-induced middle ear effusion and mucosal histopathology in the guinea pig. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1985;94:212–6.
- Jung HH, Kim MW, Lee JH, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in otitis media. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1999;119:801–8.
- Connolly DT, Heuvelman DM, Nelaon R, et al. Tumor vascular permeability factor stimulates endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis. J Chin Invest 1989;84:1470–8.
- Lee DH, Park YS, Jung TT, Yeo SW, Choi YC, Jeon E. Effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on experimental otitis media with effusion. Laryngoscope 2001;111:728–33.
- Hwang SB, Li CL, Lam MH, Shen TY. Characterization of cutaneous vascular permeability induced by platelet-activat-ing factor in guinea pigs and rats and its inhibition by a platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist. Lab Invest 1985;52:617–30.
- Dennis RG, Whitmire RN, Jackson RT. Action of inflam-matory mediators on middle ear mucosa. A method for measuring permeability and swelling. Arch Otolaryngol 1976;102:420–4.
- Goldie P, Hellstrom S, Idahl LA. Middle ear effusion induced by various inflammatory mediators and neuropep-tides. An experimental study in the rat. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1989;108:246–52.
- Leung DW, Cachianes G, Kuang WJ, Goeddel DV, Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angio-genic mitogen. Science 1989;246:1306–9.
- Houck KA, Ferrara N, Winer J, Cachianes G, Li B, Leung DW. The vascular endothelial growth factor family: identi-fication of a fourth molecular species and characterization of alternative splicing of RNA. Mol Endocrinol 1991;5:1806–14.
- Anthony FW, Wheeler T, Elcock CL, Pickett M, Thomas EJ. Short report: identification of a specific pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in human placenta and cultured placental fibroblasts. Placenta 1994;15:557–61.
- Conn G, Bayne ML, Soderman DD, et al. Amino acid and cDNA sequences of a vascular endothelial cell mitogen that is homologous to platelet-derived growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:2628–32.
- Ladoux A, Frelin C. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by cultured endothelial cells from brain microvessels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993;194:799–803.
- Terman BI, Dougher-Vermazen M, Carrion ME, et al. Identification of the KDR tyrosine kinase as a receptor for vascular endothelial cell growth factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;187:1579–86.
- de Vries C, Escobedo JA, Ueno H, Houck K, Ferrara N, Williams LT. The fms-like tyrosine kinase, a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. Science 1992;255:989–91.
- Chae SW, Kim SJ, Kim JL, Jung HH. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in experi-mental otitis media of the rat. Acta Otolaryngol 2003;123:559–63.
- Unemori EN, Ferrara N, Bauer EA, Amento EP. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces interstitial collagenase expression in human endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 1992;153:557–62.