References
- “A Democracy Loses Its Way.” 1998. Editorial, Washington Post, February 7, A22.
- Andreski, Stanislav. 1954. Military Organization and Society. London: Routledge.
- “Armenia: Presidential Hegemony.” 1994. Oxford Analytica Daily Brief, April 28, 1.
- Astourian, Stepan. 2000. “From Ter-Petrosian to Kocharian: Leadership Change in Armenia.” Berkeley Program in Eurasian and East European Studies Working Papers Series (Winter): 1–64.
- Bezirjian, Khachatur. 1996. “Entrutyounneri Verjnakan Ardyounqnere Chen Karogh Kaskatsi Yenntaka Linel [The Final Results of the Elections Cannot Be Subject to Doubt].” Hayastani Hanrapetutyun, October 4.
- Bremmer, Ian, and Cory Welt. 1997. “Armenia’s New Autocrats.” Journal of Democracy 8 (3): 78–90.
- Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. 1995. Report on Armenia’s Parliamentary Election and Constitutional Referendum. Washington, DC: Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015034506173;view=1up;seq=1.
- “Dark Days in Armenia.” 2008. Editorial, New York Times, March 7, A18.
- Defeis, Elizabeth. 1998. “Elections and Democracy: Armenia, a Case Study.” Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review 20: 455–474.
- de Waal, Thomas. 2003. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through War and Peace. New York: New York University Press.
- Diamond, Larry. 2002. “Thinking About Hybrid Regimes.” Journal of Democracy 13 (2): 21–35. doi: 10.1353/jod.2002.0025
- Dolman, Carl Everett. 2004. The Warrior State: How Military Organization Structures Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Dudwick, Nora. 1997. “Political Transformations in Postcommunist Armenia.” In Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus, edited by Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, 69–109. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- “Excerpts from the Statement by Gorbachev to Armenians.” 1988. New York Times, February 27, A6.
- Fish, M. Steven. 2001. “The Dynamics of Democratic Reversion.” In Postcommunism and the Theory of Democracy, edited by Richard D. Anderson, Jr., M. Steven Fish, Stephen E. Hanson, and Philip G Roeder, 54–95. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- “Four Questions to Vazgen Manoukian.” 1991. Armenia at the Crossroads: Democracy and Nationhood in the Post-Soviet Era, edited by Gerard J. Libaridian, 39–46. Watertown, MA: Blue Crane.
- Galstyan, Hambardzum. 1991. “Riga Meetings.” In Armenia at the Crossroads: Democracy and Nationhood in the Post-Soviet Era, edited by Gerard J. Libaridian, 87–94. Watertown, MA: Blue Crane.
- Goemans, Hein. 2000. War and Punishment: The Causes of War Termination and the First World War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Hale, Henry. 2015. Patronal Politics: Eurasian Regime Dynamics in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Harutyunyan, Avetis. 2005. Gyadaneri Zhamanake [The Era of the Riffraff]. Yerevan: Printinfo.
- Herszenhorn, David. 2015. “ Clashes Intensify between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Disputed Land.” New York Times, January 31, A10.
- Hiatt, Fred. 1995. “Even for Armenia Democracy Has Some Limits.” International Herald Tribune, June 9.
- Hintze, Otto. 1975. “Military Organization and the Organization of the State.” In The Historical Essays of Otto Hintze, edited by Felix Gilbert, 179–215. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- “Interview with Ktrich Sardarian.” 1991. Armenia at the Crossroads: Democracy and Nationhood in the Post-Soviet Era, edited by Gerard J. Libaridian, 87–94. Watertown, MA: Blue Crane.
- Ishkhanian, Rafael. 1991. “The Law of Excluding the Third Force.” In Armenia at the Crossroads: Democracy and Nationhood in the Post-Soviet Era, edited by Gerard J. Libaridian, 9–38. Watertown, MA: Blue Crane.
- Labs, Eric. 1997. “Beyond Victory: Offensive Realism and the Expansion of War Aims.” Security Studies 6 (4): 1–49. doi: 10.1080/09636419708429321
- LeVine, Steve. 1995. “Tough Armenian Leaders Make Allies in West Squirm,” New York Times, November 27, A9.
- LeVine, Steve. 1996. “Armenia’s Chief Faces Protests over Election.” New York Times, September 24, A6.
- Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan Way. 2010. Competitive Authoritarianism, Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Lewin, Moshe. 1995. “Society, Past and Present, in Interpreting Russia.” In Beyond Soviet Studies, edited by Daniel Orlovsky, 56–71. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
- Lewis, Bernard. 1968. The Emergence of Modern Turkey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Libaridian, Gerard J. 1988. The Karabagh File. Cambridge, MA: Zoryan Institute.
- Libaridian, Gerard J., ed. 1991. Armenia at the Crossroads: Democracy and Nationhood in the Post-Soviet Era. Watertown, MA: Blue Crane.
- Libaridian, Gerard J. 1999. The Challenge of Statehood: Armenian Political Thinking Since Independence. Watertown, MA: Blue Crane.
- Libaridian, Gerard J. 2014. “ AMNe Dem er Ter-Petrossianin yev Ognets Ishkhanutyan Gal Kocharyanin [The USA Opposed Ter-Petrossian and Helped Kocharian to Take Power].” 168 Zham, April 1.
- Linz, Juan. 1990. “The Perils of Presidentialism.” Journal of Democracy 1 (1): 51–69.
- Linz, Juan. 1994. “Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does It Make a Difference?” In The Failure of Presidential Democracy: The Case of Latin America, edited by Juan J. Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, 3–89. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Manoukian, Vazgen. 1990. “Menq Hamashkharhayin Azg enq [We Are a Global Nation].” Hayastani Hanrapetutyun, December 16.
- McFaul, Michael. 2002. “The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist World.” World Politics 54 (2): 212–244. doi: 10.1353/wp.2002.0004
- Melander, Erik. 2001. “The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Revisited: Was the War Inevitable?” Journal of Cold War Studies 3 (2): 48–75. doi: 10.1162/152039701300373880
- Mulcare, Jack. 2015. “Face Off: The Coming War between Armenia and Azerbaijan.” National Interest, April 9.
- ODIHR (Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights). 1998. Republic of Armenia Presidential Election, March 16 and 30: Final Report. Vienna: Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/armenia/14192?download=true.
- ODIHR. 2003. Republic of Armenia Presidential Election, 19 February and 5 March: Final Report. Warsaw: Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/armenia/14054?download=true.
- ODIHR. 2008. Republic of Armenia Presidential Election, 19 February: Final Report. Warsaw: Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/armenia/32115?download=true.
- Osborne, Simon. 1996. Armenia’s Presidential Elections, 24 September: Final Report. Vienna: Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/armenia/14149?download=true.
- Przeworski, Adam, and Fernando Limongi. 1997. “Modernization: Theories and Facts.” World Politics 49 (2): 155–183. doi: 10.1353/wp.1997.0004
- Siradeghyan, Vano. 2005. Yerkir Ts’pahanj [Country Poste Restante]. Yerevan: Gasprint.
- Sneider, Daniel. 1995. “Democracy Teeters in Three Ex-Soviet States.” Christian Science Monitor, May 30, 6.
- Snyder, Jack. 2000. From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict. New York: W. W. Norton.
- Spencer, Michael. 1997. “A Drift to Dictatorship Clouds Armenia’s Happiness.” New York Times, January 3, A1.
- Stefes, Christoph H. 2006. Understanding Post-Soviet Transitions: Corruption, Collusion, and Clientalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Stepan, Alfred, and Cindy Skach. 1993. “Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarism vs Presidentialism.” World Politics 46 (1): 1–22. doi: 10.2307/2950664
- Suny, Ronald. 1993. Looking Toward Ararat: Armenia in Modern History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Ter-Petrossian, Levon. 2006. Entrani [Selected Speeches, Articles and Interviews]. Yerevan: Printinfo.
- Ter-Petrossian, Levon. 2018. Armenia’s Future, Relations with Turkey, and the Karabagh Conflict. Edited by Arman Grigoryan. New York: Palgrave.
- Tilly, Charles. 1992. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1992. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
- Zourabian, Levon. 2000. “Hayastani Antsumayin Qaghaqakanutyune Yev Adrbejani Het Khaghaghutyan Herankarnere [The Politics of Transition in Armenia and the Prospects for Peace with Azerbaijan].” Aravot, June 3.