References

  • Allen, M. R., P. Friedlingstein, Cécile A.J. Girardin, S. Jenkins, Y. Malhi, E. Mitchell-Larson, G. P. Peters, et al. 2022a. “Net Zero: Science, Origins and Implications.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources 47 (1): 849–887. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-112320-105050.
  • Allen, M. R., G. P. Peters, K. P. Shine, C. Azar, P. Balcombe, O. Boucher, M. Cain, et al. 2022b. “Indicate Separate Contributions of Long-Lived and Short-Lived Greenhouse Gases in Emission Targets.” npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 5: 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-021-00226-2.
  • Bryngelsson, D., F. Hedenus, D. Johansson, C. Azar, and S. Wirsenius. 2017. “How Do Dietary Choices Influence the Energy-System Cost of Stabilizing the Climate?” Energies 10 (2): 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10020182.
  • Clark, M. A., Nina G. G. Domingo, K. Colgan, S. K. Thakrar, D. Tilman, J. Lynch, I. L. Azevedo, et al. 2020. “Global Food System Emissions Could Preclude Achieving the 1.5° and 2°C Climate Change Targets.” Science 370 (6517): 705–708. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba7357.
  • Crippa, M., E. Solazzo, D. Guizzardi, F. Monforti-Ferrario, F. N. Tubiello, and A. Leip. 2021. “Food Systems Are Responsible for a Third of Global Anthropogenic GHG Emissions.” Nature Food 2 (3): 198–209. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00225-9.
  • Dutkiewicz, J. 2023. “Ireland Isn’t Culling Cows for Climate. But Maybe it Should Be?” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. October 25. https://thebulletin.org/2023/10/ireland-isnt-culling-cows-for-climate-but-maybe-they-should-be/.
  • FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2023. “Methane Emissions in Livestock and Rice Systems—Sources, Quantification, Mitigation and Metrics.” Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7607en.
  • Friedlingstein, P., M. O’Sullivan, M. W. Jones, R. M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, J. Hauck, et al. 2023. “Global Carbon Budget 2023.” Earth System Science Data 15 (12): 5301–5369. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023.
  • Fuglestvedt, J., J. Rogelj, R. J. Millar, M. Allen, O. Boucher, M. Cain, P. M. Forster, E. Kriegler, and D. Shindell. 2018. “Implications of Possible Interpretations of ‘Greenhouse Gas Balance’ in the Paris Agreement.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376 (2119): 20160445. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0445.
  • Lynch, J., M. Cain, D. Frame, and R. Pierrehumbert. 2021. “Agriculture’s Contribution to Climate Change and Role in Mitigation Is Distinct from Predominantly Fossil CO2-Emitting Sectors.” Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 4: 518039. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.518039.
  • McKenzie, J. 2023. “‘Mass Delusion and Wishful thinking’: Why Everything You Think You Know About Methane Is Probably Wrong.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. December 18. https://thebulletin.org/2023/12/mass-delusion-and-wishful-thinking-why-everything-you-think-you-know-about-methane-is-probably-wrong/.
  • Pierrehumbert, R. T. 2014. “Short-Lived Climate Pollution.” Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 42 (1): 341–379. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-054843.
  • Pierrehumbert, R. T., and G. Eshel. 2015. “Climate Impact of Beef: An Analysis Considering Multiple Time Scales and Production Methods Without Use of Global Warming Potentials.” Environmental Research Letters 10 (8): 085002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/085002.
  • Reisinger, A., H. Clark, A. L. Cowie, J. Emmet-Booth, C. Gonzalez Fischer, M. Herrero, M. Howden, and S. Leahy. 2021. “How Necessary and Feasible Are Reductions of Methane Emissions from Livestock to Support Stringent Temperature Goals?” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 379 (2210): 20200452. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0452.
  • Smith, P., J. Adams, D. J. Beerling, T. Beringer, K. V. Calvin, S. Fuss, B. Griscom, et al. 2019. “Land-Management Options for Greenhouse Gas Removal and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Services and the Sustainable Development Goals.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources 44 (1): 255–286. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129
  • Többen, J. R., M. Distelkamp, B. Stöver, S. Reuschel, L. Ahmann, and C. Lutz. 2022. “Global Land Use Impacts of Bioeconomy: An Econometric Input–Output Approach.” Sustainability 14 (4): 1976. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14041976.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.