Human-robot swarm interaction: coordinated role of human mind mindsets and robot group entitativity

References

• Abrams, A. M. H., and A. M. R. der Pütten. 2020. “I–C–E Framework: Concepts for Group Dynamics Research in Human–Robot Interaction: Revisiting Theory from Social Psychology on Ingroup Identification (i), Cohesion (c) and Entitativity (e).” International Journal of Social Robotics 12: 1213–1229. doi:10.1007/s12369-020-00642-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan, D. D., A. J. Vonasch, and C. Bartneck. 2021. “The Doors of Social Robot Perception: The Influence of Implicit Self-Theories.” International Journal of Social Robotics 14 (1): 127–140. doi:10.1007/s12369-021-00767-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aron, A., E. N. Aron, and D. Smollan. 1992. “Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the Structure of Interpersonal Closeness.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 (4): 596–612. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bera, A., T. Randhavane, E. Kubin, H. Shaik, K. Gray, and D. Manocha. 2018a. “Data-driven Modeling of Group Entitativity in Virtual Environments.” In Proceedings of the 24th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3281505.3281524.
   Google Scholar
• Bera, A., T. Randhavane, E. Kubin, A. Wang, K. Gray, and D. Manocha. 2018b. “The Socially Invisible Robot Navigation in the Social World Using Robot Entitativity.” In 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 4468–4475. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1805.05543.
   Google Scholar
• Bigman, Y. E., and K. Gray. 2018. “People are Averse to Machines Making Moral Decisions.” Cognition 181: 21–34. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2018.08.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell, L. S., K. H. Trzesniewski, and C. S. Dweck. 2007. “Mindsets About Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention.” Child Development 78 (1): 246–263. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnette, J. L., E. H. O’Boyle, E. M. VanEpps, J. M. Pollack, and E. J. Finkel. 2013. “Mind-sets Matter: A Meta-Analytic Review of Implicit Theories and Self-Regulation.” Psychological Bulletin 139 (3): 655–701. doi:10.1037/a0029531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byer, B. 2020. What Do Consumers Think about Artificial Intelligence? https://smartbrief.com/original/2020/04/what-do-consumers-think-about-artificial-intelligence.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, D. T. 1958. “Common Fate, Similarity, and Other Indices of the Status of Aggregates of Persons as Social Entities.” Behavioral Science 3: 14–25. doi:10.1002/bs.3830030103.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, P. B., C. S. Dweck, and K. Pauker. 2012. “‘Prejudiced’ Behavior Without Prejudice? Beliefs About the Malleability of Prejudice Affect Interracial Interactions.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 103 (3): 452–471. doi:10.1037/a0028849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castano, E., S. Sacchi, and P. H. Gries. 2003. “The Perception of the Other in International Relations: Evidence for the Polarizing Effect of Entitativity.” Political Psychology 24 (3): 449–468. doi:10.1111/0162-895X.00336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castelo, N., and M. Sarvary. 2022. “Cross-cultural Differences in Comfort with Humanlike Robots.” International Journal of Social Robotics 14: 1865–1873. doi:10.1007/s12369-022-00920-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu, C., Y. Hong, and C. S. Dweck. 1997. “Lay Dispositionism and Implicit Theories of Personality.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73 (1): 19–30. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozby, P. C. 1973. “Self-disclosure: A Literature Review.” Psychological Bulletin 79 (2): 73–91. doi:10.1037/h0033950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, J., and L. Liu. 2021. “Robots are Friends as Well as Foes: Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Mindful and Mindless AI Robots in the United States and China.” Computers in Human Behavior 115: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, J., and L. Liu. 2022a. “Implicit Theories of the Human Mind Predict Competitive and Cooperative Responses to AI Robots.” Computers in Human Behavior 134: 107300. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, J., and L. Liu. 2022b. “A Growth Mindset About Human Minds Promotes Positive Responses to Intelligent Technology.” Cognition 220: 104985. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, J., and L. Liu. 2022c. “How to Be “Groupy” Matters: Groups with Shared Traits and Shared Goals Engender Distinct Patterns of Social Judgments.” Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 25 (1): 44–59. doi:10.1177/1368430220942294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, J., L. Liu, D. Ren, and Z. Gu. 2018a. “‘Groupy’ Allies are More Beneficial While “Groupy” Enemies are More Harmful.” Social Psychological and Personality Science 9 (8): 925–934. doi:10.1177/1948550617729409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, J., L. Liu, D. Ren, and Q. Su. 2018b. “Polarization and Positivity Effects: Divergent Roles of Group Entitativity in Warmth and Competence Judgments.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 74: 74–84. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.09.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denson, T. F., B. Lickel, M. Curtis, D. M. Stenstrom, and D. R. Ames. 2006. “The Roles of Entitativity and Essentiality in Judgments of Collective Responsibility.” Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 9 (1): 43–61. doi:10.1177/1368430206059857.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dweck, C., C. Chiu, and Y. Hong. 1995. “Implicit Theories and Their Role in Judgments and Reactions: A Word from Two Perspectives.” Psychological Inquiry 6: 267–285. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0604_1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dweck, C. S., and E. L. Leggett. 1988. “A Social-Cognitive Approach to Motivation and Personality.” Psychological Review 95 (2): 256–273. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flandorfer, P. 2012. “Population Ageing and Socially Assistive Robots for Elderly Persons: The Importance of Sociodemographic Factors for User Acceptance.” International Journal of Population Research 1–13. doi:10.1155/2012/829835.
   Google Scholar
• Floreano, D., and H. Lipson. 2021. “From Individual Robots to Robot Societies.” Science Robotics 6: eabk2787. doi:10.1126/scirobotics.abk2787.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fraune, M. R., Y. Nishiwaki, S. Sabanovi, E. R. Smith, and M. Okada. 2017. “Threatening Flocks and Mindful Snowflakes: How Group Entitativity Affects Perceptions of Robots.” The 2017 ACM/IEEE International Conference. ACM. doi:10.1145/2909824.3020248
   Google Scholar
• Fraune, M. R., B. C. Oisted, C. E. Sembrowski, K. A. Gates, M. M. Krupp, and S. Šabanović. 2020. “Effects of Robot-Human Versus Robot-Robot Behavior and Entitativity on Anthropomorphism and Willingness to Interact.” Computers in Human Behavior 105: 106220. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.106220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraune, M. R., S. Šabanović, and T. Kanda. 2019. “Human Group Presence, Group Characteristics, and Group Norms Affect Human–Robot Interaction in Naturalistic Settings.” Frontiers in Robotics and AI 6: e48. doi:10.3389/frobt.2019.00048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraune, M. R., S. Sherrin, S. Šabanović, and E. R. Smith. 2015. “Rabble of Robots Effects: Number and Type of Robots Modulates Attitudes, Emotions, and Stereotypes.” In 2015 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), edited by Julie A. Adams and William Smart, 109–116. Portland: ACM.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, H. M., K. Gray, and D. M. Wegner. 2007. “Dimensions of Mind Perception.” Science 315: 619. doi:10.1126/science.1134475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, D. L. 2007. “Understanding the Complexities of Group Perception: Broadening the Domain.” European Journal of Social Psychology 37 (6): 1077–1101. doi:10.1002/ejsp.436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock, P. A., D. R. Billings, K. E. Schaefer, J. Y. Chen, E. J. De Visser, and R. Parasuraman. 2011. “A Meta-Analysis of Factors Affecting Trust in Human–Robot Interaction.” Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53 (5): 517–527. doi:10.1177/0018720811417254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haselhuhn, M. P., M. E. Schweitzer, and A. M. Wood. 2010. “How Implicit Beliefs Influence Trust Recovery.” Psychological Science 21 (5): 645–648. doi:10.1177/0956797610367752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. 2022. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heerink, M. 2011. “Exploring the Influence of Age, Gender, Education and Computer Experience on Robot Acceptance by Older Adults.” In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction, 147–148. Lausanne, Switzerland. doi:10.1145/1957656.1957704
   Google Scholar
• Hong, Y. Y., C. Y. Chiu, C. S. Dweck, M. S. Lin, and W. Wan. 1999. “Implicit Theories, Attributions, and Coping: A Meaning System Approach.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (3): 588–599. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Data Corporation. 2020. IDC survey finds artificial intelligence adoption being driven by improved customer experience, greater employee efficiency, and accelerated innovation. https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS46534820.
   Google Scholar
• Ip, G. W., C. Chiu, and C. Wan. 2006. “Birds of a Feather and Birds Flocking Together: Physical Versus Behavioral Cues May Lead to Trait Versus Goal-Based Group Perception.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90: 368–381. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.3.368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isbister, K., and C. Nass. 2000. “Consistency of Personality in Interactive Characters: Verbal Cues, Non-Verbal Cues, and User Characteristics.” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 53 (2): 251–267. doi:10.1006/ijhc.2000.0368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jha, S., and E. J. Topol. 2016. “Adapting to Artificial Intelligence: Radiologists and Pathologists as Information Specialists?” JAMA 316 (22): 2353–2354. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.17438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leite, I., M. McCoy, M. Lohani, D. Ullman, N. Salomons, C. Stokes, S. River, and B. Scassellati. 2017. “Narratives with Robots: The Impact of Interaction Context and Individual Differences on Story Recall and Emotional Understanding.” Frontiers in Robotics and AI 4: 29. doi:10.3389/frobt.2017.00029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leite, I., M. McCoy, D. Ullman, N. Salomons, and B. Scassellati. 2015. “Comparing Models of Disengagement in Individual and Group Interactions.” In 2015 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), edited by Julie A. Adams and Williams Smart, 99–105. Portland: IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Lickel, B., D. L. Hamilton, G. Wieczorkowska, A. Lewis, S. J. Sherman, and A. N. Uhles. 2000. “Varieties of Groups and the Perception of Group Entitativity.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78: 223–246. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, O., D. Rakita, B. Mutlu, and M. Gleicher. 2017. “Understanding Human–Robot Interaction in Virtual Reality.” In 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), 751–757. doi:10.1109/ROMAN.2017.8172387
   Google Scholar
• McConnell, A. R., and J. M. Leibold. 2001. “Relations among the Implicit Association Test, Discriminatory Behavior, and Explicit Measures of Racial Attitudes.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 37 (5): 435–442. doi:10.1006/jesp.2000.1470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinsey & Company. 2018. AI Adoption Advances, but Foundational Barriers Remain. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/artificial-intelligence/ai-adoption-advances-but-foundational-barriers-remain#.
   Google Scholar
• Mou, Y., and K. Xu. 2017. “The Media Inequality: Comparing the Initial Human-Human and Human-AI Social Interactions.” Computers in Human Behavior 72: 432–440. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nass, C., and Y. Moon. 2000. “Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers.” Journal of Social Issues 56 (1): 81–103. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newheiser, A. K., and J. F. Dovidio. 2015. “High Outgroup Entitativity Can Inhibit Intergroup Retribution.” British Journal of Social Psychology 54 (2): 341–358. doi:10.1111/bjso.12078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Laughlin, M. J., and B. F. Malle. 2002. “How People Explain Actions Performed by Groups and Individuals.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (1): 33–48. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, R., P. Arriaga, and A. Paiva. 2021. “Human–Robot Interaction in Groups: Methodological and Research Practices.” Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5 (10): 59. doi:10.3390/mti5100059.
   Google Scholar
• Reeves, B., and C. Nass. 1996. How People Treat Computers, Television, and new Media Like Real People and Places. Cambridge, UK: CSLI Publications and Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sebo, S., B. Stoll, B. Scassellati, and M. Jung. 2020. “Robots in Groups and Teams: A Literature Review.” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 4: 1–36. doi:10.1145/3415247.
   Google Scholar
• Sharifi, S. S., and M. Palmeira. 2017. “Customers’ Reactions to Technological Products: The Impact of Implicit Theories of Intelligence.” Computers in Human Behavior 77: 309–316. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.09.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, D. 2022a. “How do People Judge the Credibility of Algorithmic Sources?” AI & SOCIETY 37: 81–96. doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01158-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, D. 2022b. “The Perception of Humanness in Conversational Journalism: An Algorithmic Information-Processing Perspective.” New Media & Society 24 (12): 2680–2704. doi:10.1177/1461444821993801.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, D., K. Kee, and E. Shin. 2022. “Algorithm Awareness: Why User Awareness is Critical for Personal Privacy in the Adoption of Algorithmic Platforms?” International Journal of Information Management 65: Article 102494. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, R. W., D. Faro, and K. A. Burson. 2013. “More for the Many: The Influence of Entitativity on Charitable Giving.” Journal of Consumer Research 39 (5): 961–976. doi:10.1086/666470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, E. R., S. Šabanović, and M. R. Fraune. 2021. “Human–Robot Interaction Through the Lens of Social Psychological Theories of Intergroup Behavior.” Technology, Mind, and Behavior 1 (2). doi:10.1037/tmb0000002.
   Google Scholar
• Solberg, E., L. E. M. Traavik, and S. I. Wong. 2020. “Digital Mindsets: Recognizing and Leveraging Individual Beliefs for Digital Transformation.” California Management Review 62 (4): 105–124. doi:10.1177/0008125620931839.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, J. P., P. Cimander, and M. Appel. 2022. “Power-posing Robots: The Influence of a Humanoid Robot’s Posture and Size on its Perceived Dominance, Competence, Eeriness, and Threat.” International Journal of Social Robotics 14 (6): 1413–1422. doi:10.1007/s12369-022-00878-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, J. P., B. Liebold, and P. Ohler. 2019. “Stay Back, Clever Thing! Linking Situational Control and Human Uniqueness Concerns to the Aversion Against Autonomous Technology.” Computers in Human Behavior 95: 73–82. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taddeo, M., and L. Floridi. 2018. “How AI Can be a Force for Good.” Science 361: 751–752. doi:10.1126/science.aat5991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollmer, A. L., R. Read, D. Trippas, and T. Belpaeme. 2018. “Children Conform, Adults Resist: A Robot Group Induced Peer Pressure on Normative Social Conformity.” Science Robotics 3 (21): eaat7111. doi:10.1126/scirobotics.aat7111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., X. He, and F. Liu. 2016. “From Similitude to Success: The Effects of Facial Resemblance on Perceptions of Team Effectiveness.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 22 (1): 48–58. doi:10.1037/xap0000068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wykowska, A. 2021. “Robots as Mirrors of the Human Mind.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 30 (1): 34–40. doi:10.1177/0963721420978609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Złotowski, J., K. Yogeeswaran, and C. Bartneck. 2017. “Can we Control it? Autonomous Robots Threaten Human Identity, Uniqueness, Safety, and Resources.” International Journal of Human–Computer Studies 100: 48–54. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.12.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar