Workplace romance policies, behaviors, and reputational beliefs: experiences of employees from major US cities

References

• Afifi, T., Caughlin, J., & Afifi, W. (2007). The dark side (and light side) of avoidance and secrets. In B. H. Spitzberg & W. R. Cupach (Eds.), The dark side of interpersonal communication (pp. 61–92). Lawrence Earlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Afifi, W. A., & Cornejo, M. (2020). #CommsoWEIRD: The question of sample representativeness in interpersonal communication research. In M. L. Doerfel & J. L. Gibbs (Eds.), Building inclusiveness in organizations, institutions, and communities: Communication theory perspectives (pp. 238–259). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429450495
   Google Scholar
• Anand, A., Doll, J. L., Centobelli, P., Singh, S. K., & Cerchione, R. (2023). Struck by a cupid’s arrow: The conjuring bliss and sinister shades of employee workplace romance. Journal of Business Research, 154(6), 113304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113304
   Google Scholar
• Andersen, B. L., Cyranowski, J. M., & Espindle, D. (1999). Men's sexual self-schema. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 76(4), 645–661. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.4.645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baer, M. D., Bundy, J., Garud, N., & Kim, J. K. (2018). The benefits and burdens of organizational reputation for employee well-being: A conservation of resources approach. Personnel Psychology, 71(4), 571–595. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, C. (2010). The debate over the prohibition of romance in the workplace. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(2), 325–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0512-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Burrell, G. (1992). The organization of pleasure. In M. Alvesson & H. Willmott (Eds.), Critical management studies (pp. 67–88). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Carli, L. L., & Eagly, A. H. (2016). Women face a labyrinth: An examination of metaphors for women’s leadership. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 31(8), 514–527. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-02-2015-0007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavico, F. J., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2021). Workplace romance and sexual favoritism in the #MeToo workplace: Legal and practical considerations for management. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 40(6), 667–689. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-11-2020-0324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chory, R. M., & Gillen Hoke, H. (2023). Coworkers’ perceptions of, and communication with, workplace romance participants: Proposing and testing a model. International Journal of Business Communication, 60(4), 1290–1312. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488420908321
   Google Scholar
• Chory, R. M., & Gillen Hoke, H. G. (2019). Young love at work: Perceived effects of workplace romance among millennial generation organizational members. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary & Applied, 153(6), 575–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2019.1581722
   Google Scholar
• Chory, R. M., & Horan, S. M. (2023). Personal workplace relationships: Unifying an understudied area of organizational and personal life. Behavioral Sciences, 13(9), 760. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090760
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chory, R. M., Mainiero, L., & Horan, S. M. (2022). Workplace romance and career reputation effects across industries. International Journal of Business Communication, 232948842211008. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294884221100800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chory, R. M., & Offstein, E. H. (2023). Effects of workplace romance on workplace relationships and careers. Manuscript in preparation.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, N. (2009). Workplace romance: A justice analysis. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24(4), 363–372. https://doi.org/10.007/s10869-009-9117-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collinson, D. L., & Collinson, M. (1989). Sexuality in the workplace: The domination of men's sexuality. In J. Hearn, D. L. Sheppard, T.-S. P., & G. Burrell (Eds.), The sexuality of organization (pp. 91–109). London, England: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Cortina, L. M., & Areguin, M. A. (2021). Putting people down and pushing them out: Sexual harassment in the workplace. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 8(1), 285–309. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-055606
   Google Scholar
• Cowan, R. L., & Horan, S. M. (2014). Love at the office: Understanding workplace romance disclosures and reactions from the coworker perspective. Western Journal of Communication, 78(2), 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2013.866688
   Google Scholar
• Cupid in the cubicle, says new vault survey. (2005, February 1). http://www.vault.com/nr/newsmain.jsp?nr_page=3&ch_id=420&article_id=23513899
   Google Scholar
• Denes, A. (2012). Pillow talk: Exploring disclosures after sexual activity. Western Journal of Communication, 76(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2011.651253
   Google Scholar
• Denes, A. (2018). Toward a post-sex disclosures model: Exploring the associations among orgasm, self-disclosure, and relationship satisfaction. Communication Research, 45(3), 297–318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215619216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denes, A. (2021). Gene x environment interactions and pillow talk: Investigating the associations among the OXTR gene, orgasm, post sex communication, and relationship satisfaction in young adult relationships. Communication Studies, 72(1), 68–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2020.1807373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond, L. M. (2018). Sexual fluidity in males and females. Current Sexual Health Reports, 8(4), 249–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-016-0092-z
   Google Scholar
• Dillard, J. P. (1987). Close relationships at work: Perceptions of the motives and performance of relational participants. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 4(2), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407587042005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doll, J. L., & Rosopa, P. J. (2015). Workplace romances: Examining attitudes, experience, conscientiousness, and policies. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(4), 439–443. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-11-2012-0368
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duck, S. (2022). “First catch your hare”: Some difficulties with, and contextual factors in, understanding (in)appropriate workplace relationships. Behavioral Sciences, 12(5), 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12050126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duck, S., & VanderVoort, L. (2002). Scarlet letters and whited sepulchers: The social marking of relationships as inappropriate. In R. Goodwin & D. Cramer (Eds.), Inappropriate relationships: The unconventional, the disapproved and the forbidden (pp. 3–24). LEA.
   Google Scholar
• Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fiori-Khayat, C. (2022). Socio-emotional resources and the principle of human dignity in the workplace—the case of workplace romance. In M. Pirson (Ed.), Love and organization : Lessons of love for human dignity, leadership and motivation (pp. 210–234). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003254034-11
   Google Scholar
• Foste, E. A., & Botero, I. C. (2012). Personal reputation: Effects of upward communication on impressions about new employees. Management Communication Quarterly, 26(1), 48–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318911411039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz, J. M. J. (2022). Work/Life relationships and communication ethics: An exploratory examination. Behavioral Sciences, 12(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12040104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartzia, L., & van Knippenberg, D. (2016). Too masculine, too bad: Effects of communion on leaders’ promotion of cooperation. Group & Organization Management, 41(4), 458–490. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601115583580
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilchrist, K. (2020, February 13). A quarter of Americans admit to having an office romance — and 1 in 4 dated their boss. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/14/quarter-of-americans-have-had-an-office-romance-27percent-dated-their-boss.html
   Google Scholar
• Horan, S. M., & Chory, R. M. (2009). When work and love mix: Perceptions of peers in workplace romances. Western Journal of Communication, 73(4), 349–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570310903279042
   Google Scholar
• Horan, S. M., & Chory, R. M. (2011). Understanding work-life blending: Credibility implications for those who date at work. Communication Studies, 62(5), 563–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2011.582663
   Google Scholar
• Horan, S. M., & Chory, R. M. (2013). Relational implications of gay and lesbian workplace romances: Implications for trust, deception, and credibility. Journal of Business Communication, 50(2), 170–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943612474993
   Google Scholar
• Horan, S. M., & Chory, R. M. (forthcoming). Bedroom and boardroom: Workplace romance and organizational gossip. In S. Kim, P. M. Buzzanell, J. Kim, & A. Mazzei (Eds.), Routledge handbook of employee communication and organizational process. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Horan, S. M., Chory, R. M., Craw, E. S., & Jones, H. E. (2021). Blended work/life relationships: Organizational communication involving workplace peers, friends, and lovers. Communication Research Trends, 40(2), 3–47.
   Google Scholar
• Horan, S. M., Cowan, R. L., & Carberry, E. G. (2019). Spillover effects: Communication involved with dissolved workplace romances. Communication Studies, 70(5), 564–581. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2019.1658613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G. E. (1999). Hierarchical workplace romance: An experimental examination of team member perceptions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(7), 1057–1072. ht tps://do i.org/10:1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199912)20:7,1057::AID-JOB956.3.0.CO;2-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karl, K. A., & Sutton, C. L. (2000). An examination of the perceived fairness of workplace romance policies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(3), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022928216431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, N. (2004). Using templates in the thematic analysis of text. In C. Cassell & G. Symon (Eds.), Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research (pp. 257–270). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• LaFrance, B. H. (2022). “Don’t get your meat where you get your bread”: Beliefs and advice about workplace romance. Behavioral Sciences, 12(8), 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12080278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Main, K., & Hansen, L. (2023, July 21). Workplace romance statistics: Survey shows employee regularly engage in office relationships. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/workplace-romance-statistics/#:~:text=Half%20of%20all%20survey%20respondents,night%20stand%20with%20a%20coworker.
   Google Scholar
• Malachowski, C. C., Chory, R. M., & Claus, C. J. (2012). Mixing pleasure with work: Employee perceptions of and responses to workplace romance. Western Journal of Communication, 76(4), 358–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2012.656215
   Google Scholar
• Michelson, G., Hurvy, R., & Grünauer, C. (2010). Workplace romances and HRM: A private matter or organisational concern?. International Journal of Employment Studies, 18(2), 117–149.
   Google Scholar
• Navarra, K. (2023, February 7). Workplace romances can be tricky, but friendships boost retention. https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/employee-relations/pages/workplace-romances-can-be-tricky-but-friendships-boost-retention.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Paczka, N. (2022, December 7). Relationships at work: Pros and cons. https://www.livecareer.com/resources/careers/planning/relationships-at-work#holidaybonus
   Google Scholar
• Parks, M. (2006, January). 2006 workplace romance poll findings (Report No. 06-0019). Society for Human Resource Management.
   Google Scholar
• Pierce, C. A., & Aguinis, H. (2003). Romantic relationships in organizations: A test of a model of formation and impact factors. Management Research, 1(2), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1108/15365430380000524
   Google Scholar
• Pierce, C. A., & Aguinis, H. (2005). Legal standards, ethical standards, and responses to social-sexual conduct at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(6), 727–732. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce, C. A., Broberg, B. J., McClure, J. R., & Aguinis, H. (2004). Responding to sexual harassment complaints: Effects of a dissolved romance on decision-making standards. Organizational Behavior, and Human Decision Process, 95(1), 66–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2003.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce, C. A., Byrne, D., & Aguinis, H. (1996). Attraction in organizations: A model of workplace romance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17(1), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199601)17:1<5:AID-JOB734>3.0.CO;2-E
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce, C. A., Karl, K. A., & Brey, E. T. (2012). Role of workplace romance policies and procedures on job pursuit intentions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(3), 237–263. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941211205808
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, G. N. (2001). Workplace romances between senior-level executives and lower-level employees: An issue of work disruption and gender. Human Relations, 54(11), 1519–1544. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018267015411005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, G. N., & Foley, S. (1998). Something to talk about: Romantic relationships M organizational settings. Journal of Management, 24(3), 421–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(99)80067-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn, R. E. (1977). Coping with cupid: The formation, impact, and management of romantic relationships in organizations. Administrative science quarterly, 22(1), 30–45. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391744
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapp, E. (1992, February). Dangerous liaisons. Working woman, 56–61.
   Google Scholar
• Riach, K., & Wilson, F. (2007). Don’t screw the crew: Exploring the rules of engagement in organizational romance. British Journal of Management, 18(1), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00503.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salzinger, L. (2000). Manufacturing sexual subjects: 'harassment,' desire and discipline on a maquiladora shopfloor. Ethnography, 1(1), 67–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/14661380022230642
   Google Scholar
• Schultz, V. (2003). The sanitized workplace. The Yale Law Journal, 112(8), 2061–2193. https://doi.org/10.2307/3657474
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHRM. (2013, September 24). Workplace romance. https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/trends-and-forecasting/research-and-surveys/pages/shrm-workplace-romance-findings.aspx?_ga=2.36325157.468301842.1691678749-1673724392.1690818678
   Google Scholar
• SHRM Research Institute. (2023, February 7). New SHRM Survey: Workplace romance 2023. https://www.shrm.org/about-shrm/press-room/press-releases/Pages/New-SHRM-Survey-Workplace-Romance-2023.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Silverbrand, I. J. (2009). Workplace romance and the economic duress of love contract policies. Villanova law review, 54(1), 155–179. https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr/vol54/iss1/5
   Google Scholar
• Vallade, J. I., & Chory, R. M. (2013, June). Gossip in the workplace: An exploration of organizational gossip topics, emotional responses, and communication changes. Paper presented to the Organizational Communication Division of the International Communication Association at their annual meeting, London, England.
   Google Scholar
• Vault Careers. (2018, February 12). The 2018 vault office romance survey results. http://www.vault.com/blog/workplace-issues/2018-vault-office-romance-surveyresults/
   Google Scholar
• Warhurst, C., & Nickson, D. (2009). ‘Who’s got the look?’ emotional, aesthetic and sexualized labour in interactive services. Gender, Work and Organization, 16(3), 385–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00450.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, C. L., Giuffre, P. A., & Dellinger, K. (1999). Sexuality in the workplace: Organizational control, sexual harassment, and the pursuit of pleasure. Annual Review of Sociology, 25(1), 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.73
   Google Scholar