Frontline Workers’ Use of Discretion in the Implementation of National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana

References

• Alden, S. (2015). Discretion on the frontline: The street level bureaucrat in English statutory homelessness services. Social Policy and Society, 14(1), 63–77. 10.1017/S1474746414000402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akosa, F., & Asare, B. E. (2017). Street-level bureaucrats and the exercise of discretion. In: A. Farazmand (ed.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (pp. 1–6). Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Brodkin, E. Z. (2020). Discretion in the welfare state. In Discretion and the quest for controlled freedom (pp. 63–78). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
   Google Scholar
• Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods (4th ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Campos, S. A., & Peeters, R. (2021). Policy improvisation: How frontline workers cope with public service gaps in developing countries—The case of Mexico’s Prospera program. Public Administration and Development, 42(1), 22–32. 10.1002/pad.1907
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, P. B. &. Wilson, J. Q. (1961). Incentive systems: a theory of organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 6(2), 129–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Incorporated.
   Google Scholar
• Crook, R. & Ayee, J. (2006). Urban service partnerships, ‘street‐level bureaucrats and environmental sanitation in Kumasi and Accra, Ghana: coping with organisational change in the public bureaucracy, Development Policy Review, 24(1): 51–73. 10.1111/j.1467-7679.2006.00313.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry, L. A., Nembhard, I. M. & Bradley, E. H. (2009). Qualitative and mixed methods provide unique contributions to outcomes research. Circulation, 119(10), 1442–1452. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.742775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiIulio, Jr. J. D. & DiIulio, Jr J. J. (1994). Principled agents: the cultural bases of behaviour in a federal government bureaucracy. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 4(3), 277–318. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037210
   Google Scholar
• Ehrhardt, D. (2017). Indigeneship, bureaucratic discretion, and institutional change in Northern Nigeria. African affairs, 116(464), 462–483. 10.1093/afraf/adx016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erasmus, E. (2014). The use of street-level bureaucracy theory in health policy analysis in low-and middle-income countries: a meta-ethnographic synthesis. Health policy and planning, 29(suppl_3), iii70–iii78. 10.1093/heapol/czu112
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evans, T. (2010). Professional discretion in welfare services: Beyond street-level bureaucracy. London: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Evans T. (2016). Professional discretion in welfare services: beyond street-level bureaucracy. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, T., & Hupe, P. L. (2020). Discretion and the quest for controlled freedom. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, D. E. (2009). Doing Research in the Real World (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, D. E. (2013), Doing Research in the Real World (3rd ed.), Sage Publications. London.
   Google Scholar
• Greener, I. (2011). Designing Social Research: A Guide for the Bewildered. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., and Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs’. Educational Evaluation And Policy Analysis, 11(3), 255–274. 10.3102/01623737011003255
   Google Scholar
• Government of Ghana-GoG (2003) National Health Insurance Act. ( Act 650). Accra:
   Google Scholar
• GoG (2004). National Health Insurance Regulations. ( L. I.1809). Accra: GoG.
   Google Scholar
• GoG (2012). National Health Insurance Act. ( Act, 852). Accra: GoG.
   Google Scholar
• Hammarberg, K., Kirkman, M., & de Lacey, S. (2016). Qualitative research methods: when to use them and how to judge them. Human Reproduction, 31(3), 498–501. 10.1093/humrep/dev334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, M. S., Ariffin, R. N. R., Mansor, N., & Al Halbusi, H. (2021). The Moderating Role of Willingness to Implement Policy on Street-level Bureaucrats’ Multidimensional Enforcement Style and Discretion. International Journal of Public Administration, 1–15. 10.1080/01900692.2021.2001008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennink, M., Hutter, I., & Bailey, A. (2020). Qualitative research methods. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hupe, P. (Ed.). (2019). Research handbook on street-level bureaucracy: The Ground Floor of Government in Context. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Keulemans, S., & Van de Walle, S. (2020). Understanding street-level bureaucrats’ attitude towards clients: Towards a measurement instrument. Public Policy and Administration, 35(1), 84–113. 10.1177/0952076718789749
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, J. A. (2012). Research methodology. New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Kipo, D. D. (2011). Implementation of public policy at the local level in Ghana: The case of the national health insurance scheme in Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District (Master’s thesis, The University of Bergen, Norway).
   Google Scholar
• Kipo-Sunyehzi, D. D. (2018). Principal-agent problems in implementation of Ghana’s health insurance scheme. Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management, 11(2), 59–74.
   Google Scholar
• Kipo-Sunyehzi, D. D., Attuquayefio, P. K., & Sunyehzi, J. K. (2019). Street-level bureaucrats’ coping strategies and how they affect public service delivery in Ghana. Journal of the Social Sciences 60(1–3), 9–20. 10.31901/24566756.2019/60.1-3.2244
   Google Scholar
• Kipo-Sunyehzi, D. D. (2020). Global Social Welfare and Social Policy Debates: Ghana’s Health Insurance Scheme Promotion of the Well-Being of Vulnerable Groups. Journal of Social Service Research, 1–15. 10.1080/01488376.2020.1716919
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipo-Sunyehzi, D. D. (2022). Human resource mobilisation and management in health systems of Africa: a comparative study of health insurance scheme and health facilities in Ghana. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 22(1–2), 39–55. 10.1504/IJHRDM.2022.121317
   Google Scholar
• Lipsky, M. (1980). Street-Level Bureaucracy. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Lipsky, M. (2010). Street-Level Bureaucracy (30-Year Anniversary Edition). New York:
   Google Scholar
• Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Maynard-Moody, S. W., & Musheno, M. C. (2022). Cops, teachers, counselors: Stories from the front lines of public service. University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mensah, K. B. (1998). Legal control of discretionary powers in Ghana: lessons from English administrative law theory. Afrika Focus, 14(2), 119–140.
   Google Scholar
• Meyers, M. K. & Nielsen, V. L. (2012). Street-level Bureaucrats and the Implementation of Public Policy. In: B. G Peters and J. Pierre (eds). Handbook of Public Administration, 305–318. London: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Mohammed, A. R. (2021). Discretion on the frontlines of the implementation of the Ghana School Feeding Programme: Street‐Level Bureaucrats adapting to austerity in northern Ghana. Public Administration and Development, 42(1), 33–43. 10.1002/pad.1905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutereko, S., & Chitakunye, P. (2015). Discretion and autonomy: Public administrators’ dilemmas in the implementation of national curriculum statements. International Journal of Public Administration, 38(2), 143–155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, C., van Royen, P., & Baker, R. (2002). Qualitative methods in research on healthcare quality. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 11(2), 148–152. 10.1136/qhc.11.2.148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragin, C. C. (1997). Turning the tables: how case-oriented research challenges variable-oriented research. Comparative Social Research, 16, 27–42.
   Google Scholar
• Sandfort, J.R. (2000). Moving beyond discretion and outcomes: examining public management from the front lines of the welfare system. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(4), 729–756. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024289
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S. R. (2012). Street-level bureaucracy and public policy. In: B. G Peters and J. Pierre (eds). Handbook of Public Administration, 431–446. London: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Sumadilaga, D. H., Soetjipto, B. W., Wahyuni, S., & Wijanto, S. H. (2017). The influences of perceived managerial discretion and risk-taking behavior on government organizational performance. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(13), 1075–1084. 10.1080/01900692.2016.1242613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, J. B. (1993). Discretion versus policy rules in practice. Carnegie-Rochester conference series on public policy, 39, 195–214.
   Google Scholar
• Tummers, L. & Bekkers, V. (2012). Discretion and its effects: Analyzing the experiences of street-level bureaucrats during policy implementation. EGPA Conference, Bergen, Norway, 5-8 September 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Tummers L., & Bekkers V. (2014). Policy implementation, street-level bureaucracy, and the importance of discretion’. Public Management Review, 16(4), 527–547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tummers, L. L., Bekkers, V., Vink, E., & Musheno, M. (2015). Coping during public service delivery: A conceptualization and systematic review of the literature. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(4), 1099–1126. 10.1093/jopart/muu056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twumasi, P. A. (2001). Social Science Research: In Rural Communities (2nd edn). Accra: Ghana Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yeboah-Assiamah, E., Otchere-Ankrah, B., & Alesu-Dordzi, S. (2018). Administrative discretion and development administration: pet turned into a monster? In: A. Farazmand (ed.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (pp. 1–11). Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Zacka, B. (2017). When the State meets the Street: Public Service and Moral Agency. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (The Belknap Press).
   Google Scholar