Understanding Chipped Stone Drills from an Iroquoian Village Site

References

• Andrefsky, W. (1998). Lithics: Macroscopic approaches to analysis. Cambridge manuals in archaeology. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beauchamp, W. (1905). Aboriginal use of wood in New York. New York State Museum Bulletin 89. New York State Education Department.
   Google Scholar
• Bebber, M. R. (2021). The role of functional efficiency in the decline of North America’s copper culture (8000 - 3000 B. P.): An experimental, ecological, and evolutionary approach. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 28, 1224–1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-020-09497-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch, J., Manning, S. W., Sanft, S., & Conger, M. A. (2021). Refined Radiocarbon Chronologies for Northern Iroquoian Site Sequences: Implications for Coalescence, Conflict, and the Reception of European Goods. American Antiquity, 86(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2020.73
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boles, S. L., Brennan, T. K., Kozuch, L., Kuehn, S. R., & Simon, M. L. (2018). Crafting and exotica at the East St Louis Precinct. In T. E. Emerson, B. H. Koldehoff, & T. K. Brennen (Eds.), Revealing greater Cahokia, North America’s first native city: Rediscovery and large-scale excavations of the east St Louis precinct (pp. 387–443). Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Prairie Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Bradley, J. W. (1979). The Onondaga Iroquois: 1500 - 1655, a study in acculturation change and its consequences [PhD. dissertation]. Department of Anthropology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York. University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Bradley, J. W. (2020). Onondaga and empire: An Iroquoian people in an imperial era. New York State Bulletin 514. http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/common/nysm/files/onondaga_and_empire_a.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ceci, L. (1988). Tracing Wampum's origins: Shell bead evidence from archaeological sites in Western and Coastal New York. In C. F. Hayes III & L. Ceci (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1986 Shell Bead Conference: Selected Papers (pp. 63–80). Research Records No. 20, Rochester Museum and Science Center.
   Google Scholar
• Cipolla, C. N. (2023). Concordia salus: Becoming Brass Projectiles. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-023-09606-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dibble, H., Holdaway, S. J., Lin, S. C., Braun, D. R., Douglass, M. J., Iovita, R., McPherron, S. P., Olszewski, D. I., & Sandgathe, D. (2017). Major fallacies surrounding stone artifacts and assemblages. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 813–851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-016-9297-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, C. J., Wortner, S., & Fox, W. (1991). Nettling: An overview of an early archaic: “Kirk Corner-notched Cluster” site in Southwestern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Archaeology, 15, 1–34. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41102473.
   Google Scholar
• Engelbrecht, W. (1994). The Eaton site: Preliminary analysis of the Iroquoian component. The Bulletin: Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 107, 1–8. https://nysarchaeology.org/download/nysaa/bulletin/number_107.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Engelbrecht, W. (2003). Iroquoia: The development of a native world. Syracuse University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Engelbrecht, W. (2014). Unnotched triangular points on village sites. American Antiquity, 79(2), 353–367. https://doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.2.353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelbrecht, W. (2023). Rethinking stone drill manufacture. American Antiquity, 88(1), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2022.94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelbrecht, W., Bradbury, A. P., & Salisbury, R. B. (2021). Patterning in a large sample of retouched unifacial tools. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 40(Part B), 103226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103226
   Google Scholar
• Finlayson, W. D. (1998). Iroquoian peoples of the land of rocks and water, A.D. 1000–1650: A study in settlement archaeology. London Museum of Archaeology, Special Publication 1. 4 vols. London, Ontario.
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, W. R. (1982). Lest the Beaver run loose: The early 17th century Christianson site and trends in historic neutral archaeology. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper 111. Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Forestier, H., Beni, T., Baills, H., Ricaut, F. X., & Leavesley, M. G. (2018). Lithic drill points: An ethno-historic case study from Motupore Island (Papua New Guinea). In A. Hermann, F. Valentin, C. Sand, & E. Nolet (Eds.), Networks and monumentality in the Pacific. Proceedings of the XVIII UISPP World Congress (pp. 35–48). Archaeopress. https://hal.science/hal-02567559.
   Google Scholar
• Funk, R. E., & Kuhn, R. D. (2003). Three sixteenth-century Mohawk Iroquois village sites. New York State Museum Bulletin No. 503. New York Education Department. Albany.
   Google Scholar
• Gates St-Pierre, C. (2010). Iroquoian bone artifacts: Characteristics and problems. In A. Legrand-Pineau & I. Sidéra (Eds.), Ancient and modern bone artefacts from America to Russia: Cultural, technological and functional signature (pp. 71–85). BAR International Series 2136. Archaeopress.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, R. D. (2019). Flint drill: Drilling atlatl foreshafts. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8pNaNuH3i4k.
   Google Scholar
• Gwinnett, J. A., & Gorelick, L. (1988). The change from stone drills to copper drills in mesopotamia: An experimental perspective. Expedition Magazine, 29(3), https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/14411/.
   Google Scholar
• Hayden, B., Franco, N., & Spafford, J. (1996). Evaluating lithic strategies and design criteria. In G. H. Odell (Ed.), Stone tools: Theoretical insights into human prehistory (pp. 9–45). Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Keeley, L. H. (1982). Hafting and retooling - Effects on the archaeological record. American Antiquity, 47(4), 798–809. https://doi.org/10.2307/280285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimball, L. R. (1994). Microwear analysis of Late and Terminal Archaic projectile points from the padula site (36NM15), Pennsylvania.. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology, 10, 169–179.
   Google Scholar
• Kozuch, L. (2021). Cahokia's mound 72 shell artifacts. Southeastern Archaeology, 40(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2021.1873057
   Google Scholar
• Kozuch, L. (2022). Shell bead crafting at greater Cahokia. North American Archaeologist, 43(1), 64–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/01976931211048205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law de Lauriston, P. B. M. L., Odell, G. H., & de Lauriston, T. L.-L. (2015). Stone pipe-making tools in ancient North America. Journal of Archaeological Science, 57, 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2015.02.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lennox, P. A. (1977). The Hamilton site: A late historic neutral town [Master’s thesis]. Department of Anthropology, McMaster University. https://hdl.net/11375/10406.
   Google Scholar
• Lindner, C., & Folb, L. (1998). Lopuch 3 and microdrills: Site report and use-wear analysis. Archaeology of Eastern North America, 26, 107–132. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40897753.
   Google Scholar
• Manning, S. W., Lorentzen, B., & Hart, J. P. (2021). Resolving Indigenous village occupations and social history across the long century of European permanent settlement in Northeastern North America: The Mohawk River Valley ∼1450–1635 CE. PLoS ONE, 16(10), e0258555. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConnell, R. (2010). The chemistry of hide tanning. In M. Baillargeon (Ed.), North American aboriginal hide tanning: The act of transformation and revival (pp. 133–139). Canadian. Museum of civilization, mercury series, ethnology 146.
   Google Scholar
• McGuire, J. D. (1894). A study of the primitive method of drilling (Report of the U.S. National Museum for 1894) (pp. 623–756). Government Printing Office. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044042063917&view=1up&seq=60.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, G. L., & Redmond, B. G. (2016). Smudge pits and stone “Drills”: The use of chipped stone tools at Burrrell Orchard. Lithic Technology, 41(2), 164–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2016.1168145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, L. H. (1962 [1851]). League of the Ho-De-No-Sau-Nee, Iroquois. Corinth Books.
   Google Scholar
• Morrow, T. A. (2016). Stone tools of Minnesota. Wapsi Valley Archaeology, Inc. https://mn.gov/admin/assets/stone-tools-of-minnesota-part1_tcm36-247478.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Neusius, P. D. (1996). Lithic-assemblage variability in the Parker collection. In L. P. Sullivan (Ed.), Reanalyzing the Ripley site: Earthworks and late prehistory on the Lake Erie Plain (pp. 69–77). New York State Museum Bulletin 489.
   Google Scholar
• Odell, G. H. (1977). The application of micro-wear analysis to the lithic component of an entire prehistoric settlement: Methods, problems, and functional reconstructions [Ph.D. dissertation]. Department of Anthropology. Harvard University. University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Odell, G. H. (1979). A new and improved system for the retrieval of functional information from microscopic observations of chipped stone tools. In B. Hayden (Ed.), Lithic use-wear analysis (pp. 329–344). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Odell, G. H., & Odell-Verreecken, F. (1980). Verifying the reliability of lithic user-wear assessments by ‘Blind Tests’: The low-power approach. Journal of Field Archaeology, 7, 87–120. https://doi.org/10.1179/009346980791505545
   Google Scholar
• Peña, E. S. (2006). Wampum diplomacy: The historical and archaeological evidence for Wampum at Fort Niagara. Northeast Historical Archaeology, 35(1), 15–28. doi:10.22191/neha/vol35/iss1/20
   Google Scholar
• Poplawski, P., Kwoka, J. J., & Engelbrecht, W. (2012). Rethinking Palisades in the Northeast: Evidence from the Eaton site. Northeast Anthropology, 77-78, 71–87. core.tdar.org/document/378472/rethinking-palisades-in-the-northeast-evidence-from-the-Eaton-site.
   Google Scholar
• Prindle, T. (1994). Wampum history and background. Native Tech Web Site. http://www.nativetech.org/wampum/wamphist.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, W. A. (1965). The archaeology of New York State. The Natural History Press.
   Google Scholar
• Salisbury, R. B., & Engelbrecht, W. (2018). Broken points and social cohesion in Iroquois villages: A point refit study. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 51, 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2018.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schock, J. M. (1974). The Chautauqua phase and other late woodland sites in Southwestern New York [Ph.D. dissertation]. State University of New York at Buffalo. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Sempowski, M. L., & Saunders, L. P. (2001). Dutch hollow and factory hollow: The advent of Dutch trade among the Seneca. Charles F. Wray Series in Seneca. Three Parts. Archaeology (Vol. 3). Research Records 24. Rochester Museum and Science Center.
   Google Scholar
• Smallwood, A., Pevny, C. D., Jennings, T., & Morrow, J. (2020). Projectile? Knife? perforator: Using actualistic experiments to build models for identifying microscopic usewear traces on Dalton points from the Brand site, Arkansas, North America. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 31(1), 102337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102337
   Google Scholar
• Snow, D. R. (1995). Mohawk valley archaeology: The sites. The institute for archaeological studies, university at Albany. SUNY.
   Google Scholar
• Tringham, R., Cooper, G., Odell, G., Voytek, B., & Whitman, A. (1974). Experimentation in the formation of edge damage: A new approach to lithic analysis. Journal of Field Archaeology, 1, 171–196. https://doi.org/10.1179/jfa.1974.1.1-2.171
   Google Scholar
• Tuck, J. (1971). Onondaga Iroquois prehistory: A study in settlement archaeology. Syracuse University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Turgeon, L. (2022). Shell beads and belts in 16th - and early 17th - century France and North America. Translated by Margaret Rigaud. Gradhiva: Revue d'anthropologie et d'histoire des arts, 33, 40–59. https://doi.org/10.4000/gradhiva.6194.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, R. B., Detwiler, K. R., Meeks, S. C., & Driskell, B. N. (2001). Berries, bones, and blades: Reconstructing Late Paleoindian subsistence economy at dust cave Alabama. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 26, 169–197. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20708158.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, R. (2020). [E Book #63701] A key into the language of America, or an help to the language of the natives in that part of America Called New England. [1643] https://www.gutenberg.org/files/63701/63701-h/63701-h.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Wray, C. F., Sempowski, M. L., & Saunders, L. P. (1991). Tram and Cameron: Two early contact era Seneca sites. In C. F. Hayes III (Ed.), Charles F. Wray series in Seneca archaeology (Vol. 2). Research Records 21. Rochester Museum and Science Center, Rochester.
   Google Scholar
• Wray, C. F., Sempowski, M. L., Saunders, L. P., & Cervone, G. C. (1987). The Adams and Culbertson sites. In C. F. Hayes III (Ed.), Charles F. Wray series in Seneca archaeology (Vol. 1). Research Records 19. Rochester Museum and Science Center.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, M. J. (1977). The Walker site [Master's thesis]. Department of Anthropology. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/10406.
   Google Scholar
• Yerkes, R. W. (1983). Microwear, microdrills. and Mississippian craft specialization. American Antiquity, 48(3), 499–518. https://doi.org/10.2307/280558
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yerkes, R. W. (1993). Methods of manufacturing shell beads at prehistoric Mississippian sites in Southeastern North America. In P. C. Anderson, S. Beyries, M. Otte, & H. Plisson (Eds.), Tracéologie Et Fonction: Le Geste Retrouvé (pp. 235–242). Centre de Recherches Archéologiques du CNRS and Études et Recherches Archéologiques de l’Université de Liège.
   Google Scholar