123
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Heat Treatment of Chert in the Early Mesolithic at Rottenburg-Siebenlinden (Southwest Germany)

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 209-223 | Received 16 Dec 2022, Accepted 25 Jul 2023, Published online: 18 Aug 2023

References

  • Bachellerie, J., Renard, C., & Schmidt, P. (2019). Technical innovations during the recent Solutrean in the southwest of France: Recognition of heat treatment of chert and estimation of heating temperatures based on the example of Le Piage (Lot, France). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 27, 102001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102001
  • Bachellerie, J., & Schmidt, P. (2020). First Results on Understanding the Shiny Surfaces of Heat-Treated Chert. Lithic Technology, 45(4), 240–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2020.1782590
  • Bachellerie, J., & Schmidt, P. (2022). Recognizing heat-treated chert: A comparison between infrared spectroscopy and fracture surface analysis. Archaeometry, 64(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12701
  • Beutelspacher, T., & Kind, C.-J. (2005). Die abschließende Grabungskampagne im mesolithischen Siedlungsareal von Siebenlinden, Stadt Rottenburg, Kreis Tübingen. Archäologische Ausgrabungen Baden-Württemberg 2004, 22-26.
  • Binford, L. R. (1984). In J. F. Cherry, & R. Torrence (Eds.), In pursuit of the past: decoding the archaeological record (Reprint ed.). Thames and Hudson.
  • Bordes, F. (1969). Traitement thermique du silex au Solutréen. Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, 7, 197.
  • Collins, M. B., & Fenwick, J. M. (1974). Heat treating of chert: Methods of interpretation and their application. Plains Anthropologist, 19(64), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/2052546.1974.11908696
  • Crabtree, D. E., & Butler, B. R. (1964). Notes on experiment in flint knapping: 1 heat treatment of silica materials. Tebiwa, 7, 1–6.
  • Deecke, W. (1933). Die mitteleuropäischen Silices nach Vorkommen, Eigenschaften und Verwendung in der Prähistorie. Fischer.
  • Domanski, M., & Webb, J. (2007). A review of heat treatment research. Lithic Technology, 32(2), 153–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2007.11721052
  • Domanski, M., & Webb, J. A. (1992). Effect of heat treatment on siliceous rocks used in prehistoric lithic technology. Journal of Archaeological Science, 19(6), 601–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(92)90031-W
  • Eriksen, B. V. (1991). Change and continuity in a prehistoric hunter-gatherer society: A study of cultural adaptation in late glacial early postglacial southwestern Germany. Archaeologica Venatoria.
  • Eriksen, B. V. (1997). Implications of thermal pretreatment of chert in the German mesolithic Man and flint. In Proceedings of the VIIth international flint symposium IAE/PAN. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences.
  • Eriksen, B. V. (2006). Colourful lithics. The “chaîne opératoire” of heat treated chert artefacts in the early mesolithic of southwest Germany. In C.-J. Kind (Ed.), After the Ice Age. Settlements, subsistence, and social development in the mesolithic of central Europe. Proceedings of the international meeting 09.−12. September 2003 in Rottenburg/Neckar, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Materialhefte Archäologie Baden-Württemberg 78. Theiss.
  • Floss, H. (1990). Rohmaterialversorgung im Paläolithikum des Mittelrheingebietes [Dissertation]. Universität Köln.
  • Fukuda, J., & Nakashima, S. (2008). Water at high temperatures in a microcrystalline silica (chalcedony) by in-situ infrared spectroscopy: physicochemical states and dehydration behavior. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 103(2), 112–115. https://doi.org/10.2465/jmps.071022a
  • Geyer, O. F., & Gwinner, M. P. (2011). Geologie von Baden-Württemberg. 5., völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage. Schweizerbart.
  • Goder-Goldberger, M., Weiner, S., Barzilai, O., & Boaretto, E. (2017). Heating of flint artifacts from the site of Boker Tachtit (Israel) was not detected using FTIR peak broadening. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 12, 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.01.041
  • Gregg, M. L., & Grybush, R. J. (1976). Thermally altered siliceous stone from prehistoric contexts: Intentional versus unintentional alteration. American Antiquity, 41(2), 189–192. https://doi.org/10.2307/279170
  • Guilbert, R. (2001). «Le Sansonnet» et «Les Agnels» (Vaucluse), un exemple de fragmentation thermique intentionnelle du silex au Sauveterrien. Paleo, 13(13), 245–250. https://doi.org/10.4000/paleo.1089
  • Guilbert, R. (2003). Les systèmes de débitage de trois sites sauveterriens dans le Sud-Est de la France. Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, 100(3), 463–478. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27923701.
  • Hahn, J. (1991). Erkennen und Bestimmen von Stein- und Knochenartefakten Einführung in die Artefaktmorphologie. Archaeologica Venatoria.
  • Hahn, J. (1998). Opportunistic patterns of lithic reduction at the Mesolithic site of Rottenburg-Siebenlinden 1. In N. J. Conard, & C.-J. Kind (Eds.), Aktuelle Forschungen zum Mesolithikum - Current Mesolithic Research, Urgeschichtliche Materialhefte 12 (pp. 251–255). Tübingen: Mo Vince Verlag.
  • Hahn, J., Kind, C.-J., & Steppan, K. (1993). Mesolithische Rentier-Jäger in Südwestdeutschland? Der mittelsteinzeitliche Freilandfundplatz Rottenburg “Siebenlinden I” (Vorbericht). Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg, 18, 29–52. http://doi.org/10.11588/fbbw.1993.0.43369
  • Heidgen, S., Marinova, E., Nelle, O., Ebner, M., Rotava, T., Tafelmaier, Y., Krauß, R., Bofinger, J., & Junginger, A. (2022). Palaeoecological signals for Mesolithic land use in a Central European landscape? Journal of Quaternary Science, 37(6), 1164–1179. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3422
  • Hess, T. (2019). Das Helga-Abri im Achtal. Lithische Technologie und Rohmaterialversorgung der spätmagdalénienzeitlichen und frühmesolithischen Gruppen. Kerns Verlag.
  • Huber, H. (2021). Heat treatment of Middle Triassic Chert in the Early Mesolithic at Rottenburg-Siebenlinden 4-5, AH III [Bachelor Thesis, Universität Tübingen]. Unpublished.
  • Inizan, M.-L., Roche, H., & Tixier, J. (1976). Avantage d'un traitement thermique pour la taille des roches silicieuses. Quaternaria. Storia Naturale e Culturale del Quaternario, 19, 1–18.
  • Inizan, M.-L., & Tixier, J. (2000). L'émergence des arts du feu: le traitement thermique des roches siliceuses. Paléorient, 26(2), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.3406/paleo.2000.4707
  • Jochim, M. (2018). Environmental change and technological convergence in southern Germany. In E. Robinson, & F. Sellet (Eds.), Lithic technological organization and paleoenvironmental change: Global and diachronic perspectives (pp. 189–202). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64407-3_9
  • Jochim, M. A. (1998). A hunter-gatherer landscape Southwest Germany in the late Paleolithic and Mesolithic. Plenum Press.
  • Kieselbach, P., Kind, C.-J., Miller, A. M., & Richter, D. (2000). Siebenlinden 2: ein mesolithischer Lagerplatz bei Rottenburg am Neckar, Kreis Tübingen. Theiss.
  • Kind, C.-J. (2001). Eine weitere frühmesolithische Fundstelle im Industriegebiet Siebenlinden, Rottenburg am Neckar, Kreis Tübingen. Archäologische Ausgrabungen Baden-Württemberg 2001, 2002, 30–32.
  • Kind, C.-J. (2003). Das Mesolithikum in der Talaue des Neckars. Die Fundstellen von Rottenburg Siebenlinden 1 und 3 (Vol. 88). Theiss.
  • Kind, C.-J. (2006). Transport of lithic raw material in the Mesolithic of southwest Germany. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 25(2), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2005.11.009
  • Kind, C.-J. (2009). The mesolithic in southwest Germany. Preistoria Alpina, 44, 137–145.
  • Kind, C.-J. (2013a). De toutes pierres dans la boue. Le sites mésolithiques de Siebenlinden (Rottenburg, Bade-Wurtemberg, Allemagne du Sud-Ouest). In B. Valentin, B. Souffi, T. Ducrocq, J.-P. Fagnart, F. Séara, & C. Verjux (Eds.), Palethnographie du Mésolithique. Recherches sur les habitats de plein air entre Loire et Neckar. Actes de la table ronde internationale de Paris, 26 et 27 novembre 2010 (Vol. 1, pp. 251–266). Société de préhistorique française.
  • Kind, C.-J. (2013b). Tiny stones in the mud. The mesolithic sites of siebenlinden (rottenburg, baden-württemberg, south west Germany). In B. Valentin, B. Souffi, T. Ducrocq, J.-P. Fagnart, F. Séara, & C. Verjux (Eds.), Mesolithic Palethnography. Research on open-air sites between Loire and Neckar. Proceedings from the international round-table meeting, Paris, November 26–27, 2010 (pp. 251–266). Société de préhistorique française.
  • Kind, C.-J., & Beutelspacher, T. (2003). Neue Untersuchungen in der mesolithischen Fundstelle Siebenlinden 4, Rottenburg am Neckar, Kreis Tübingen. Archäologische Ausgrabungen Baden-Württemberg 2002, 28–33.
  • Kind, C.-J., Beutelspacher, T., David, E., & Stephan, E. (2012). Das Mesolithikum in der Talaue des Neckars 2. Die Fundstreuungen von Siebenlinden 3, 4 und 5. Theiss.
  • Larson, M. L., & Komfeld, M. (1997). Chipped stone nodules: Theory, method, and examples. Lithic Technology, 22(1), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.1997.11754530
  • Mandeville, M. D. (1973). A consideration of the thermal pretreatment of chert. Plains Anthropologist, 18(61), 177–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/2052546.1973.11908640
  • Mandeville, M. D., & Flenniken, J. J. (1974). A comparison of the flaking qualities of Nehawka Chert. Plains Anthropologist, 19(64), 146–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/2052546.1974.11908697
  • Olausson, D. S., & Larsson, L. (1982). Testing for the presence of thermal pretreatment of flint in the mesolithic and neolithic of Sweden. Journal of Archaeological Science, 9(3), 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(82)90023-1
  • Pastoors, A., Tafelmaier, Y., & Weniger, G.-C. (2015). Quantification of late Pleistocene core configurations: Application of the Working Stage Analysis as estimation method for technological behavioural efficiency. Quartär, 62, 63–84. https://doi.org/10.7485/QU62_3
  • Price, T. D., Chappell, S., & Ives, D. J. (1982). Thermal alteration in mesolithic assemblages. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 48(1), 467–485. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0079497X00008483
  • Purdy, B. A., & Brooks, H. K. (1971). Thermal alteration of silica minerals: An archeological approach. Science, 173(3994), 322–325. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.173.3994.322
  • Richter, J. (1997). Sesselfelsgrotte III - Der G-Schichten-Komplex der Sesselfelsgrotte. Zum Verständnis des Micoquien (Vol. 7). Saarbrücker Druckerei und Verlag.
  • Rottländer, R. C. A. (1989). Verwitterungserscheinungen an Keramik, Silices und Knochen 2. Archaeologica Venatoria.
  • Schmidt, P. (2013). What causes failure (overheating) during lithic heat treatment? Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 6(2), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-013-0162-3
  • Schmidt, P. (2019). How reliable is the visual identification of heat treatment on silcrete? A quantitative verification with a new method. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11(2), 713–726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-017-0566-6
  • Schmidt, P., Badou, A., & Fröhlich, F. (2011). Detailed FT near-infrared study of the behaviour of water and hydroxyl in sedimentary length-fast chalcedony, SiO2, upon heat treatment. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 81(1), 552–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.06.050
  • Schmidt, P., Buck, G., Berthold, C., Lauer, C., & Nickel, K. G. (2019). The mechanical properties of heat-treated rocks: A comparison between chert and silcrete. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11(6), 2489–2506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-018-0710-y
  • Schmidt, P., & Fröhlich, F. (2011). Temperature dependent crystallographic transformations in chalcedony, SiO2, assessed in mid infrared spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 78(5), 1476–1481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.01.036
  • Schmidt, P., Léa, V., Sciau, P., & Fröhlich, F. (2013). Detecting and quantifying heat treatment of flint and other silica rocks: a new non-destructive method applied to heat-treated flint from the Neolithic Chassey culture, Southern France. Archaeometry, 55(5), 794–805. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2012.00712.x
  • Schmidt, P., & Mackay, A. (2016). Why Was silcrete heat-treated in the middle stone Age? An early transformative technology in the context of Raw material Use at mertenhof rock shelter, South Africa. PLOS ONE, 11(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149243
  • Schmidt, P., Masse, S., Laurent, G., Slodczyk, A., Le Bourhis, E., Perrenoud, C., Livage, J., & Fröhlich, F. (2012). Crystallographic and structural transformations of sedimentary chalcedony in flint upon heat treatment. Journal of Archaeological Science, 39(1), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.09.012
  • Schmidt, P., Paris, C., & Bellot-Gurlet, L. (2016). The investment in time needed for heat treatment of flint and chert. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 8(4), 839–848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-015-0259-y
  • Schmidt, P., Spinelli Sanchez, O., & Kind, C.-J. (2017). Stone heat treatment in the Early Mesolithic of southwestern Germany: Interpretation and identification. PLOS ONE, 12(12), e0188576–24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188576
  • Siegeris, M. (2010). Muschelkalkhornstein in Südwestddeutschland - Geologie, Petrographie und prähistorische Nutzung Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen]. Tübingen.
  • Sollberger, J. B., & Hester, T. R. (1972). Some additional data on the thermal alteration of siliceous stone. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Anthropological Society, 21, 181–185.
  • Tafelmaier, Y., Bataille, G., Schmid, V., Taller, A., & Will, M. (2022). Methods for the analysis of stone artefacts: An overview. Springer.
  • Taute, W. (1971). Untersuchungen zum Mesolithikum und zum Spätpaläolithikum im südlichen Mitteleuropa. Band 1: Chronologie Süddeutschlands [Habilitationsschrift, Universität Tübingen]. Tübingen.
  • Taute, W. (1973/1974). Neue Forschungen zur Chronologie von Spätpaläolithikum und Mesolithikum in Süddeutschland. Archäologische Informationen, 2-3, 59–66.
  • Tiffagom, M. (1998). Témoignages d’un traitement thermique des feuilles de laurier dans le Solutréen supérieur de lagrotte du Parpallo (Gandia, Espagne). Paleo, 10(1), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.3406/pal.1998.1134
  • Uthmeier, T. (2004). New methods in the analysis of Crimean Middle Paleolithic stone tools assemblages: flint nodules, transformation analysis and the reconstruction of on-site and off-site Neanderthal activities. In Buran-Kaya III Rock-Shelter, Layer B–the Etalon Find Complex for Kiik-Koba Type Industry of Crimean Micoquian Tradition. Complex Analysis of Flint Artifacts. Shlyakh, Kiev, 89–108.
  • Weiner, J. (2012). Hitzebehandlung (tempern). In H. Floss (Ed.), Steinartefakte. Vom Altpaläolithikum bis in die Neuzeit (pp. 105–116). Kerns Verlag.
  • Weiner, S., Brumfeld, V., Marder, O., & Barzilai, O. (2015). Heating of flint debitage from Upper Palaeolithic contexts at Manot Cave, Israel: changes in atomic organization due to heating using infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Archaeological Science, 54, 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.11.023
  • Weißmüller, W. (1995). Sesselfelsgrotte II - Die Silexartefakte der Unteren Schichten der Sesselfelsgrotte. Ein beitrag zum problem des moustérien (Vol. 6). Saarbrücker Druckerei.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.