341
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Agriculture and the ideals of urban modernity: the case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 219-237 | Received 20 Jan 2023, Accepted 23 Feb 2024, Published online: 02 Apr 2024

References

  • Angel, S., Blei, A. M., Parent, J., Lamson-Hall, P., Sánchez, N. G., Civco, D. L., Lei, R. Q., & Thom, K. (2016). Atlas of urban expansion - 2016 edition. Volume 1: Areas and densities. New York University, UN-Habitat & Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
  • Arce, A., & Long, N. (2003). Reconfiguring modernity and development from an anthropological perspective. In A. Arce & N. Long (Eds.), Anthropology, development and modernities: Exploring discourses, counter-tendencies and violence (pp. 1–30). Routledge.
  • Armstrong, A. (1986). Colonial and neocolonial urban planning: Three generations of master plans for Dar es Salaam. Journal of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 8(1), 43–66.
  • Arts, B., & Leroy, P. (2006). Institutional dynamics in environmental governance. Springer.
  • Basile, P. (2022). Community self-governance in São Paulo’s informal settlements through the PAA framework. Urban Research & Practice, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2022.2056421
  • Battersby, J. (2013). Hungry cities: A critical review of urban food security research in Sub-Saharan African cities. Geography Compass, 7(7), 452–463. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12053
  • Brennan, J. R., Burton, A., & Lawi, Y. Q. (2007). Dar es Salaam: Histories from an emerging African metropolis. Mkuki na Nyota Publishers.
  • Briggs, J., & Mwamfupe, D. (2000). Peri-urban development in an era of structural adjustment in Africa: The city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Urban Studies, 37(4), 797–809. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980050004026
  • Brownell, E. (2016). Growing hungry: The politics of food distribution and the shifting boundaries between urban and rural in Dar es Salaam. Global Environment, 9(1), 58–81. https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2016.090104
  • Contesse, M., van Vliet, B. J. M., & Lenhart, J. (2018). Is urban agriculture urban green space? A comparison of policy arrangements for urban green space and urban agriculture in Santiago de Chile. Land Use Policy, 71, 566–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.11.006
  • Drechsel, P., & Dongus, S. (2010). Dynamics and sustainability of urban agriculture: Examples from sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainability Science, 5(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-009-0097-x
  • Foeken, D., Sofer, M., & Mlozi, M. (2004). Urban agriculture in Tanzania: Issues of sustainability. African Studies Centre.
  • Follmann, A., Willkomm, M., & Dannenberg, P. (2021). As the city grows, what do farmers do? A systematic review of urban and peri-urban agriculture under rapid urban growth across the Global South. Landscape and Urban Planning, 215, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104186
  • Halloran, A., & Magid, J. (2013a). Planning the unplanned: Incorporating agriculture as an urban land use into the Dar es Salaam master plan and beyond. Environment and Urbanization, 25(2), 541–558. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247813500903
  • Halloran, A., & Magid, J. (2013b). The role of local government in promoting sustainable urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam and Copenhagen. Geografisk Tidsskrift, 113(2), 121–132.
  • Hyden, G. (1980). Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania. Underdevelopment and an uncaptured peasantry. University of California Press.
  • IMC, KMC, TMC, SCINAP, & DCC. (2012). Dar es Salaam city wide strategic plan on urban agriculture. Ilala Municipal Council, Kinondoni Municipal Council, Temeke Municipal Council, Sustainable Cities International Network Africa Program, & Dar es Salaam City Council.
  • Jacobi, P., Amend, J., & Kiango, S. (2000). Urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam: Providing an indispensable part of the diet. In N. Bakker, M. Dubbeling, S. Guendel, U. Sabel-Koschella, & H. de Zeeuw (Eds.), Growing cities, growing food: Urban agriculture on the policy agenda (pp. 257–283). Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung.
  • Kiango, S., & Likoko, T. (1996). Vegetable production on open spaces in Dar es Salaam city. Urban Vegetable Promotion Project.
  • Kyessi, A. G. (1998). City expansion and urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam: Lessons for planning. Journal of Building and Land Development, 5(2), 9–17.
  • Langemeyer, J., Madrid-Lopez, C., Mendoza Beltran, A., & Villalba Mendez, G. (2021). Urban agriculture — A necessary pathway towards urban resilience and global sustainability? Landscape and Urban Planning, 210, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104055
  • Liefferink, D. (2006). The dynamics of policy arrangements: Turning round the tetrahedron. In B. Arts & P. Leroy (Eds.), Institutional dynamics in environmental governance (pp. 45–68). Springer.
  • Magigi, W. (2008). Improving urban land governance with emphasis on integrating agriculture based livelihoods in spatial land use planning practise in Tanzania [ Doctoral dissertation, University of Freiburg]. Freidok. https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/5311
  • Majale-Liyala, C. (2013). Policy arrangement for waste management in East Africa’s urban centres. In S. Silvern & S. Young (Eds.), Environmental change and sustainability (pp. 215–231). IntechOpen.
  • McLees, L. (2011). Access to land for urban farming in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Histories, benefits and insecure tenure. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 49(4), 601–624. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X11000498
  • McLees, L. (2012). Understanding the urban: The role of open space agriculture in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania [ Doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon]. University of Oregon Scholar’s Bank. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/12364
  • Mkwela, H. S. (2013). Urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam: A dream or reality. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 173, 161–172. https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP130141
  • Mkwela, H. S. (2016). Land injustices – Tracing the impact of land development projects on farmers’ land justice in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania [ Doctoral dissertation]. Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
  • Mlozi, M. R. S. (1995). Information and the problems of urban agriculture in Tanzania: intentions and realizations [ Doctoral Dissertation]. University of British Columbia.
  • Mlozi, M. R. S., Lupala, A., Chenyambuga, S. W., Liwenga, E., & Msogoya, T. (2014). Building urban resilience: Assessing urban and peri-urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. United Nations Environment Programme.
  • Moshi, I., Msuya, I. R., & Todd, G. (2018). Tanzania: National urban policies and city profiles for Dar es Salaam and Ifakara. Ifakara Health Institute.
  • Mougeot, L. J. A. (2000). Urban agriculture: Definition, presence, potentials and risks, and policy challenges. In N. Bakker, M. Dubbeling, S. Guendel, U. Sabel-Koschella, & H. de Zeeuw (Eds.), Growing cities, growing food: Urban agriculture on the policy agenda (pp. 1–42). Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung.
  • Msangi, D. E. (2011). Land acquisition for urban expansion: process and impacts on livelihoods of peri urban households, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania [ Licentiate Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences].SLU publication database. https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/8537/1/Msangi_d_120126.pdf
  • Mudau, N., Mwaniki, D., Tsoeleng, L., Mashalane, M., Beguy, D., & Ndugwa, R. (2020). Assessment of SDG indicator 11.3.1 and urban growth trends of major and small cities in South Africa. Sustainability, 12(17), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177063
  • Mwegoha, W. J. S., & Kihampa, C. (2010). Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and water in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4(11), 763–769.
  • NBST. (2022). Sensa ya watu na makazi ya mwaka 2022: Matokeo ya mwanzo. National Bureau of Statistics Tanzania.
  • Neergaard, A. D., Drescher, A. W., & Kouamé, C. (2009). Urban and peri-urban agriculture in African cities. In C. M. Shackleton, M. W. Pasquini, & A. W. Drescher (Eds.), African indigenous vegetables in urban agriculture (pp. 35–64). Earthscan.
  • Nyanda, S. S., & Mahonge, C. P. (2021). Institutional framework in relation to the use of low-quality water for food crops irrigation in Tanzania. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 7(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-021-00511-1
  • Orsini, F., Kahane, R., Nono-Womdim, R., & Gianquinto, G. (2013). Urban agriculture in the developing world: A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33(4), 695–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-013-0143-z
  • Owens, G. R. (2010). Post-colonial migration: Virtual culture, urban farming and new peri-urban growth in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1975-2000. Africa, 80(2), 249–274.
  • Parnell, S., & Pieterse, E. (2014). Africa’s urban revolution. Zed Books.
  • Pieterse, E. (2008). City futures: Confronting the crisis of urban development. Zed Books.
  • Robinson, J. (2002). Global and world cities: A view from off the map. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 26(3), 531–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00397
  • Sawio, C. J. (1994). Who are the farmers of Dar es Salaam? In A. G. Egziabher, D. Lee-Smith, D. G. Maxwell, P. A. Memon, L. J. A. Mougeot, & C. J. Sawio (Eds.), Cities feeding people: An examination of urban agriculture in East Africa (pp. 23–44). International Development Research Centre.
  • Schmidt, S. (2012). Getting the policy right: Urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. International Development Planning Review, 34(2), 129–145. https://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2012.9
  • SCINAP. (2012). Summary report on the sustainable cities international network – Africa program peer exchange 2012. Sustainable Cities International Network Africa Program.
  • Smit, W. (2016). Urban governance and urban food systems in Africa: Examining the linkages. Cities, 58, 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.05.001
  • Sylvester, D. (2018, February 21). Dar’s river pollution threatens millions. Daily News. https://dailynews.co.tz/news/dar-s-river-pollution-threatens-millio.aspx#
  • Tapia, C., Randall, L., Wang, S., & Aguiar Borges, L. (2021). Monitoring the contribution of urban agriculture to urban sustainability: An indicator-based framework. Sustainable Cities and Society, 74, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103130
  • Tatenhove, J., Arts, B., & Leroy, P. (2000). Political modernisation and the environment. The renewal of environmental policy arrangements. Springer.
  • TBS. (2021). Municipal and industrial wastewaters — General tolerance limits for use of treated wastewater in irrigation (TZS 3037:2021). Tanzania Bureau of Standards.
  • UN. (2018). World urbanization prospects. The 2018 revision. United Nations.
  • URT. (2000). National human settlements development policy. The United Republic of Tanzania.
  • URT. (2002). National water policy. The United Republic of Tanzania.
  • URT. (2004). The environmental management act. The United Republic of Tanzania.
  • URT. (2009). The water resources management act. The United Republic of Tanzania.
  • URT. (2013). National agriculture policy. The United Republic of Tanzania.
  • URT. (2017). National land policy (draft). The United Republic of Tanzania.
  • URT. (2018). The urban planning regulations. Urban farming. The United Republic of Tanzania.
  • URT. (2020a). Dar es Salaam master plan 2016-2036. The United Republic of Tanzania.
  • URT. (2020b). The 2019 Dar es Salaam informal sector survey analytical report. The United Republic of Tanzania.
  • URT. (2022). Water sector development programme III (draft). The United Republic of Tanzania.
  • Veldwisch, G. J., Amerasinghe, P., Letema, S., & Wessels, M. T. (2024). The practices and politics of irrigated urban agriculture. Water International, 49(2), 129–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2024.2325800
  • Wesselow, M., Kifunda, C., Auerbach, R., & Siebenhüner, B. (2020). Urban agriculture: Challenges and opportunities in urban water management and planning. In R. Auerbach (Ed.), Organic food systems: Meeting the needs of Southern Africa (pp. 327–336). CABI.
  • Wessels, M. T. (2023). What’s in a name? Politicising wastewater reuse in irrigated agriculture. Water Alternatives, 16(2), 563–580.
  • Wessels, M. T., & Mgana, S. M. (2024). Persist or perish. The dynamics of irrigated agriculture in urbanising dar es salaam, Tanzania. Urban Forum. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-024-09511-8