African Continental Free Trade Area and African Union Agenda 2063: the roads to Addis Ababa and Kigali

References

• Adetula, Victor. 2009. “The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Challenges of Integration in in West Africa.” In ECOWAS: Milestones in Regional Integration, edited by Joy Ogwu, and Warisu Alli, 15–58. Lagos: NIIA.
   Google Scholar
• African Capacity Building Foundation. 2016. African Union Agenda 2063: Capacity Requirements for the New African Vision. Harare: ACBF.
   Google Scholar
• African Union. 2013. Agenda 2063: A Shared Strategic Framework for Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development: Background Note. Addis Ababa: AU.
   Google Scholar
• African Union Commission. 2015a. Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want. Addis Ababa: AUC.
   Google Scholar
• African Union Commission. 2015b. Agenda 2063: First Ten-Year Implementation Plan 2014-2023. Addis Ababa: AUC.
   Google Scholar
• African Union Commission. 2018. Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area. Addis Ababa: AUC.
   Google Scholar
• African Union Commission and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. 2012. Boosting Intra-African Trade Issues Affecting Intra-African Trade. A Proposed Action Plan for Boosting Intra-African Trade and Framework for the Fast-Tracking of a Continental Free Trade Area. Addis Ababa: AUC & UNECA.
   Google Scholar
• African Union. n.d. Update on the Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA). Addis Ababa: AUC.
   Google Scholar
• Alcala, Francisco, and Antonio Ciccone. 2004. “Trade and Productivity.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 119 (2): 613–646. doi: 10.1162/0033553041382139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aniche, Ernest. 2018. “Post-neo-functionalism, Pan-Africanism and Regional Integration in Africa: Prospects and Challenges of the Proposed Tripartite Free Trade Area (T-FTA).” In State and Development in Post-Independent Africa, edited by Samuel Oloruntoba, and Vusi Gumede, 155–174. Austin, TX: Pan-African University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aniche, Ernest. 2020a. “The Brexit: A Massive Setback for European Union and a Lesson for African Integration.” Chinese Political Science Review 5 (1): 13–30. doi:10.1007/s41111-019-00142-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aniche, Ernest. 2020b. “Pan-Africanism and Regionalism in Africa: The Journey so far.” In Pan-Africanism, Regional Integration and Development in Africa, edited by Samuel Oloruntoba, 17–38. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Aniche, Ernest. 2020c. “From Pan-Africanism to African Regionalism: A Chronicle.” African Studies 79 (1): 70–87. doi:10.1080/00020184.2020.1740974.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aniche, Ernest, and Victor Ukaegbu. 2016. “Structural Dependence, Vertical Integration and Regional Economic Cooperation in Africa: A Study of Southern African Development Community.” Africa Review 8 (2): 108–119. doi:10.1080/09744053.2016.1186866.
   Google Scholar
• Apiko, Philomena, and Faten Aggad. 2018. Analysis of the Implementation of the African Union’s 0.2% Levy: Progress and Challenges. Maastricht: European Centre for Development Policy Management. (ECDPM) Briefing Note No. 98.
   Google Scholar
• Bassil, Noah. 2011. “The Roots of Afropessimism: The British Invention of the ‘Dark Continent.” Critical Arts: South-North Cultural and Media Studies 25 (3): 377–396. doi: 10.1080/02560046.2011.615141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben, Hammouda, and Patrick Osakwe. 2006. “Global Trade Models and Economic Policy Analyses: Relevance, Risks, and Repercussions for Africa.” ATPC Work in Progress, No. 47. Addis Ababa: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Boumellassa, Houssein, David Laborde, and Cristina Mitaritonna. 2009. A Picture of Tariff Protection across the World in 2004: MAcMap-HS6, Version 2 (IFPRI Discussion Paper, No. 00903). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Cloete, Kim. 2019. Africa’s New Free Trade Area is Promising, Yet Full of Hurdles. Geneva: World Economic Forum on Africa. September 6.
   Google Scholar
• Cofelice, Andrea. 2018. “African Continental Free Trade Area: Opportunities and Challenges.” De Gruyter: The Federalist Debate XXXI (3): 32–35. doi:10.2478/tfd-2018-0032.
   Google Scholar
• Decreux, Yvan, and Lionel Fontagne. 2011. “Economic Impact of Potential Outcome of the DDA.” CEPII Working Paper, No. 2011–23. Paris: Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales. http://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/wp/2011/wp2011-23.pdf
   Google Scholar
• DeGhetto, Kaitlyn, Jacob Gray, and Moses Kiggundu. 2016. “The African Union’s Agenda 2063: Aspirations, Challenges, and Opportunities for Management Research.” Africa Journal of Management 2 (1): 93–116. doi:10.1080/23322373.2015.1127090.
   Google Scholar
• Department of International Relations and Cooperation. 2015. AU Agenda 2063: Voices of the African People: A Call to Action. DIRCO: Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Disenyana, Tsidiso. 2009. Towards an EAC, COMESA and SADC Free Trade Area: Issues and Challenges. Pretoria: South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA).
   Google Scholar
• El Fassi, Sahra, and Faten Aggad. 2014. Implementing African Development Initiatives: Opportunities and Challenges to Securing Alternative Financing for the Agenda 2063. Maastricht: European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM) Briefing Note No. 65.
   Google Scholar
• Fagbayibo, Babatunde. 2018. “Nkrumahism, Agenda 2063, and the Role of Intergovernmental Institutions in Fast-Tracking Continental Unity.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 53 (4): 629–642. doi: 10.1177/0021909617709489
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havnevik, Kjell. 2015. “The Current Afro-Optimism – A Realistic Image of Africa?” Festskrift til Tore Linné Eriksen 2 (2): 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Hummels, David. 2001. Time as a Trade Barrier. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University.
   Google Scholar
• Jakobeit, Cord, Trudi Hartzenberg, and N. Charalambides. 2005. Overlapping Memberships in COMESA, ECA, SACU and SADC, Trade Policy Options for the Region and APA Negotiations. Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit.
   Google Scholar
• Kimenyi, Mwangi, and Stephen Karingi. 2012. Foresight Africa: Top Priorities for the Continent in 2012: Consolidating Africa’s Regional Integration Efforts. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Africa Growth Initiative.
   Google Scholar
• Kwemo, Angelle. 2019. The AfCFTA: The First Step of a Long Marathon. Washington, D.C.: Brookings’ Africa in Focus. September 3.
   Google Scholar
• Mevel, Simon, and Stephen Karingi. 2012. “Deepening Regional Integration in Africa: A Computable General Equilibrium Assessment of the Establishment of a Continental Customs Union.” Selected paper for presentation at the 7th African Economic Conference Kigali, Rwanda, October 30 – November 2.
   Google Scholar
• Minor, Peter, and Marinos Tsigas. 2008. “Impact of Better Trade Facilitation in Developing Countries: Analysis with a New GTAP Database for the Value of Time in Trade.” Research report submitted to GTAP 11th Annual Conference, Helsinki, Finland.
   Google Scholar
• Mubangizi, Odomaro. 2018. “AfCFTA: World’s Largest Free Trade Area Born – Africa’s Game Changer.” Pambazuka News, April 6.
   Google Scholar
• Nkuepo, Henri. 2012. Africa’s Continental Free Trade Area: A Closer Look at the 2012 African Union’s Action Plan for Boosting Intra-African Trade. Washington, D.C.: George Washington University Law School & University of Iowa School of Law.
   Google Scholar
• Nothias, Toussaint. 2012. “Definition and Scope of Afro-pessimism: Mapping the Concept and its Usefulness for Analysing News Media Coverage of Africa.” Leeds African Studies Bulletin 74: 54–62.
   Google Scholar
• Nshimbi, Chris. 2019. “Pan-African Aspirations Drive a New Free Trade Pact.” Current History 111 (808): 188–194. doi: 10.1525/curh.2019.118.808.188
   Google Scholar
• Ogunyemi, Isaac. 2017. “African Continental Free Trade Area: Challenges and Opportunities for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria.” American Journal of Business. Economics and Management 5 (4): 30–37.
   Google Scholar
• Okafor, Jude, and Ernest Aniche. 2017. “Deconstructing Neo-Functionalism in the Quest for a Paradigm Shift in African Integration: Post-Neo-Functionalism and the Prognostication of the Proposed Continental Free Trade Area in Africa.” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 22 (2): 60–72. doi:10.9790/0837-2202016072.
   Google Scholar
• Othieno, Lawrence, and Isaac Shinyekwa. 2011. Prospects and Challenges in the Formation of the COMESA-EAC and SADC Tripartite Free Trade Area. Kampala: Makerere University Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC). Research Series, No. 87.
   Google Scholar
• Rieff, David. 1998. “In Defence of Afro-Pessimism.” World Policy Journal, 15(4): 10–22.
   Google Scholar
• Saygili, Mesut, Ralf Peters, and Christian Knebel. 2018. African Continental Free Trade Area: Challenges and Opportunities of Tariff Reductions. UNCTAD Research Paper No. 15, February.
   Google Scholar
• Sexton, Jared. 2016. “The Social Life of Social Death: On Afro-Pessimism and Black Optimism.” In In Time, Temporality and Violence in International Relations: (De)fatalising the Present, Forging Radical Alternatives, edited by Anna Agathangelou, and Kyle Killian, 61–75. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Signé, Landry. 2018. How can the New African Free Trade Agreement Unlock Africa’s Potential? Paris: OECD Development Matters. October 22.
   Google Scholar
• Signé, Landry, and Colette van der Ven. 2019. Keys to Success for the AfCFTA Negotiations. Washington, DC: Brookings African Growth Initiative Policy Brief, May.
   Google Scholar
• TRALAC. 2018. SA Signs African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement. Stellenbosch: Trade Law Centre for Southern Africa Working Paper. July 3.
   Google Scholar
• TRALAC. 2019. African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement (AfCFTA) Legal Texts and Policy Documents. Stellenbosch: Trade Law Centre for Southern Africa Working Paper. March 21.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2015. The Continental Free Trade Area: Making it Work for Africa. Geneva: UNCTAD Policy Brief No. 44.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2016. African Continental Free Trade Area: Policy and Negotiation Options for Trade in Goods. Geneva: UNCTAD.
   Google Scholar
• Zizhou, F. B. 2009. “Modalities and Scenarios for Establishing a Trilateral Free Trade Area.” Paper presented at the Sixth Southern Africa Forum on Trade in South Africa, August 3–4.
   Google Scholar