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Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law Volume 5, 1987 - Issue sup1: Acquisition of Natural Resource Interests by the State
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Original Articles

Acquisition of Natural Resource Interests by the State: the Australian Position

Michael Crommelin Michael Crommelin, Zelman Cowen Professor of Law, The University of Melbourne; Chairman of the Academic Advisory Group.
Pages 3-26 | Published online: 08 Jun 2015

  • “An Act for regulating the Sale of Waste Land belonging to the Crown in the Australian Colonies”, 5 & 6 Vict., c.36 (U.K.); “An Act to amend an Act for regulating the sale of Waste Lands belonging to the Crown in the Australian Colonies, and to make further Provision for the Management thereof’, 9 & 10 Vict., c. 104 (U.K.).
  • Australian Courts Act 1828,9 Geo. IV, c.83 s.24 (U.K.).
  • Wilkinson v. Proud (1843) 11 M. & W. 33,152 E.R. 704 (Ex.).
  • Williamson v. Wootten (1885) 3 Drew.210, 61 E.R. 883 (V.C.).
  • Case of Mines (1568) 1 Plow. 310,75 E.R. 472 (K.B.).
  • “New South Wales Constitution Statute 1855, 18 & 19 Vict., c.54 (U.K.); Victorian Constitution Statute 1855, 18 & 19 Vict., c.55 (U.K.).
  • 18 & 19 Vict., c.55 (U.K.), cl.II. The language of 18 & 19 Vict., c.54 (U.K.), cl.II is slightly different, but the effect appears to be the same.
  • 18 & 19 Vict., c.56 (U.K.).
  • Constitution Act of 1867, 31 Vict., c.38 (Old.), ss.30, 40.
  • Western Australian Constitution Act 1890, 53 & 54 Vict., c.26 (U.K.), s.3; see Midland Railway Co. v. Western Australia [1956] 3 All E.R. 272.
  • Crown Lands Act 1884 (N.S.W.), s.7; Lands Act 1891 (Vic.), s.12 and Mines Act 1891, (Vic.), s.3; The Mining on Private Land Act of 1909 (Qld.), ss.6, 21 A; Crown Lands Act 1888 (S.A.), S.9; Mining Act 1978 (W.A.), s.9; Crown Lands Act 1905 (Tas.), s.27 and Mining Act 1911 (Tas.), s.339.
  • Mines (Amendment) Act 1983 (Vic.).
  • Mining Act 1971 (S.A.), s.16.
  • Mining Act 1962 (Tas.), s.3 (atomic substances).
  • Coal Acquisition Act 1981 (N.S.W.) (coal).
  • Petroleum Act 1923 (Qld.), s.5; Mining Act 1929 (Tas.), s.28; Petroleum Act 1940 (S.A.), S.4; Petroleum Act 1955 (N.S.W.), s.6; Petroleum Act 1958 (Vic.), s.5; Petroleum Act 1967 (W.A.), s.9.
  • Water Conservation and Distribution Act 1881 (Vic.), s.48.
  • Irrigation Bill 1886, cl.4; see Clark, S.D. and Renard, I.A., The Law of Allocation of Water for Private Use (AWRC Research Project 69/16,1972) Vol. 1, p. 174.
  • Irrigation Bill 1886 (Vic.), s.4; ibid. 176.
  • Section 4.
  • Section 47.
  • These are, of course, notable exceptions, such as the State Electricity Commission of Victoria (coal), the Gas and Fuel Corporation of Victoria (petroleum), the State Energy Commission of Western Australia (energy), the Hydro Electricity Commission of Tasmania (electricity), the Electricity Commission of New South Wales (coal), and the South Australian Oil and Gas Corporation Pty. Ltd. (petroleum).
  • Blainey, G., The Rush That Never Ended (2nd ed.,1969), p. 20.
  • Ibid. 57.
  • Crommelin, Michael, “The Legal Character of Petroleum Production Licences in Australia” in Daintith, Terence (ed.). The Legal Character of Petroleum Licences: A Comparative Study (University of Dundee and International Bar Association, 1981), pp. 78–81.
  • Cf. Adamson v. Hayes (1973) 130 C.L.R. 276.
  • [1975] A.C. 520.
  • Ibid. 533.
  • Ibid. 527.
  • Ibid. 533–536.
  • Ibid. 536–537.
  • See, for example, Mines (Mining Titles) Regulations 1983 (Vic.), schedule 10 (development lease) and schedule 9 (mining lease).
  • (1981) 37 A.L.R. 613 (H.C.A.).
  • Ibid. 616.
  • (1979) 22 A.L.R. 465 (H.C.A.).
  • Section 85.
  • (1976) 11 A.L.R. 234, 337, citing Radaich v. Smith (1959) 101 C.L.R. 209,220.
  • Ibid., again citing Radaich v. Smith, ibid. 222. See also Goldsworthy Mining Ltd. v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1972–73) 128 C.L.R. 199,212.
  • (1979)22 A.L.R. 465,470.
  • Ibid. 472.
  • [1985] V.R. 725; leave to appeal to the Full Court denied, [1985] V.R. 756.
  • Rules of the Supreme Court of Victoria. Order 11, Rule 1 (b).
  • [1974] 1 W.L.R. 728,732; [1974] 1 All E.R1003,1007.
  • [1985] V.R. 725. 738.
  • [1986] 2 Qd.R. 216 (F.C.).
  • Supreme Court of Queensland, No. 2948 of 1984, McPherson J. (unreported) 9–10.
  • [1986] 2 Qd.R. 216, 219.
  • (1979) 142 C.L.R. 397,403.
  • (1948) 76 C.L.R. 1,349.
  • (1944) 68 C.L.R. 261,290.
  • Ibid.
  • Australasian United Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. v. The Shipping Control Board (1945) 71 C.L.R. 508; McClintock v. The Commonwealth (1947) 75 C.L.R. 1.
  • (1948) 76 C.L.R. 1,349.
  • (1979) 142 C.L.R. 397,408.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid. 457–458.
  • Ibid. 453–458.
  • Ibid. 414–415.
  • (1983) 158 C.L.R. 1.
  • Ibid. 144–146.
  • Ibid. 247–248.
  • Ibid. 181–182.
  • Ibid. 283–284.
  • Ibid. 286–287.
  • Ibid. 287.
  • Ibid. 285.
  • Ibid.
  • Nelungaloo Pty. Ltd. v. The Commonwealth (1951–52) 85 C.L.R. 545, 600 (Kitto J.).
  • (1947–48) 75 C.L.R. 495, 569.
  • (1969) 119 C.L.R. 564, 570–571.
  • Land Acquisition and Compensation Act 1986 (Vic.); Public Works Act 1912 (N.S.W.); Public Works Act 1902 (W.A.); Land Resumption Act 1957 and Public Authorities’ and Acquisition Act 1949 (Tas.); Land Acquisition Act 1969 and Lands for Public Purposes Act 1914 (S.A.); Acquisition of Land Act 1967 (Qld.);Lands Acquisition Act 1981 (N.T.).
  • Public Works Act 1912 (N.S.W.); Public Works Act 1902 (W.A.); Land Resumption Act 1957 and Public Authorities’ Lands Acquisition Act 1949(Tas.); Acquisition of Land Act 1967(Qld.).
  • See Public Works Act 1912 (N.S.W.); Part VIII, Div. 4 (land containing minerals); Public Works Act 1902 (W.A.), s. 15 (acquisition of estate in fee simple includes “the rights to mines of coal and other minerals”).
  • Land Acquisition and Compensation Act 1986 (Vic.), s.3(1); cf. Land Acquisition Act 1969 (S.A.) and Lands Acquisition Act 1981 (N.T.).
  • Land Acquisition and Compensation Act 1986 (Vic.), s.41. 76 Ibid. s.38.
  • (1918) 25 C.L.R. 552.
  • Ibid. 563.
  • Commonwealth of Australia v. Hazeldell, Ld. [1921] 2 A.C. 373, 382.
  • (1969) 121 C.L.R. 177.
  • Ibid. 181.
  • Penny v. Penny [1965] N.S.W.R. 495, 498.
  • Pearce, D.C., Statutory Interpretation in Australia (2nd ed. 1981), pp. 86–87.
  • (1985)60A.L.J.R. 113(H.C.A.).
  • Cohen v. Peko-Wallsend Ltd. (1986) 61 A.L.J.R. 57 (H.C.A.).

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