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Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law Volume 9, 1991 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Resources Joint Ventures and the Trade Practices Act 1974

Peter RoseFreehill Hollingdale & Page, Melbourne.
Pages 95-123 | Published online: 08 Jun 2015

  • Crommelin, M., “The Mineral and Petroleum Joint Venture in Australia,” (1986) 4 J.E.R.L. 65; see also Ryan, G.L.J., “Joint Venture Agreements” (1982) 4 A.M.P.L.J. 101; Merrals, J.D., “Mining and Petroleum Joint Ventures in Australia: Some Basic Legal Concepts,” (1981) 3 A.M.P.L.J. 1; Ladbury R.A., “Mining Joint Ventures,” (1984) 12 A.B.L.R. 312.
  • OECD, Competition Policy & Joint Ventures, (1986), 22; Pitovsky, R., “A Framework for Antitrust Analysis of Joint Ventures” (1986) 74 Georgetown L.J. 1614; Brodley, J.F., “Joint Ventures and Anti Trust Policy” (1982) 95 Harvard Law Review 1527.
  • OECD, Competition Policy & Joint Ventures, (1986); Pitovsky R., op. cit. 1608; Brodley, J.F., op. cit. 1530.
  • See infra, p. 122.
  • For example, the Commission's investigation into zinc prices reported 1977/78 TPC Annual Report, 36.
  • See for example, A 14, A 4029 Hydrocarbon Products Pty. Ltd., joint venture between Hematite Petroleum Pty. Ltd. and Monsanto Australia Limited.
  • As to which see infra, pp. 105–106.
  • 1986/87 TPC Annual Report, 5.
  • 1985/86 TPC Annual Report, 13.
  • For a description of authorisation procedures see Williamson D.G., “Marketing by Joint Venturers in Mining and Petroleum Projects: Trade Practices Implications,” [1989] AMPLA Yearbook 39, 63 et. seq.
  • Section 46(6).
  • Section 88(3)(a). Discussed further infra pp. 116–117.
  • See generally, Heydon J.D., Trade Practices Act (10th ed., 1989).
  • Foreign competition laws may affect the activities of Australian joint ventures which supply overseas markets. It is not within the scope of this paper to consider such laws.
  • Armstrong J. L., “Comment on Trade Practices—Joint Marketing Implications,” [1989] AMPLA Yearbook 96, at 101 et. seq.
  • Re Queensland Cooperative Milling Association [1976] ATPR 40–012, (1976) 25 FLR 169 (the QCMA case). See also, Re G & M Stephens Cartage Contractors Pty. Ltd. [1977] ATPR 40–042 at p. 17,460. See also generally Brunt M., “Market Definition Issues in Australian and New Zealand Trade Practices Litigation” (1990) 18 A.B.L.R. 86.
  • Queensland Wire Industries Pty. Ltd. v. The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited and Anor [1989] ATPR 40, 925 (“Queensland Wire”).
  • See for example U.S. v. General Dynamics Corp. [1974] Trade Cases para. 74,976 as to whether coal constitutes a separate market, and U.S. v. El Paso Natural Gas Trade Cases, para. 71.073 [1964] and Northern Natural Gas Ca v. FPC [1968] Cases, para. 72,498 as to whether natural gas constitutes a separate market; also discussion of these cases by Donald B. in (1977) 1 (1) A.M.P.L.J. 114.
  • A 90479, A 90482 Delhi Petroleum Pty. Ltd. and Santos Ltd. 1988 ATPR (Com) 50, 072; 50,076.
  • For a detailed discussion of product markets, especially in the context of vertically integrated processing and manufacturing, see Queensland Wire, supra, note 17.
  • See A 90483 Bridge Oil Ltd. 1988 ATPR (Com) 50,073.
  • (1978/79) 2 ATPR 40, 113.
  • Supra, note 19.
  • 1974/75 TPC Annual Report, 35.
  • QCMA case, supra, note 16.
  • See Donald B., “Comment on Trade Practices” (1977) 1(1) A.M.P.L.J. 113.
  • 1974/75 ATPR 8, 805 at 17,717.
  • See Broken Hill Associated Smelters Pty. Ltd. 1984 ATPR (Com) 50,071; Pasminco Limited 1988 ATPR (Com) 50,074.
  • Section 50(3)(a).
  • [1978] ATPR 40–071.
  • (1990) ATPR 41, 002 at 51, 048.
  • See generally, Corones S.G., “Section 50 of the Trade Practices Act and the Merger Guidelines” (1988) 16 A.B.L.R. 163.
  • 1984/85 TPC Annual Report, 11.
  • (1984) ATPR (Com) 50, 071.
  • 1988 ATPR (Com) 50, 082. See the summary of this determination in Williamson D.G. supra, note 10. For earlier examples of Commission determinations in this area, reference should be made to merger clearance applications C55, C56 (Ferro Alloys of Tasmania Ltd.) 1974/75 ATPR 8,805 and C933, C934 (Ampol Petroleum Ltd. and Newbold General Refractories Ltd) 1975/76 ATPR 16,104.
  • 1987/88 TPC Annual Report, 3. See also, Baxt R. “Comment on Trade Practices—Joint Marketing Implications,” [1989] AMPLA Yearbook 89.
  • Queensland Wire, supra note 17. As to the meaning of the word “substantial” in this context see, Dandy Power Equipment Pty. Ltd. v. Mercury Marine Pty. Ltd. (1982) 64 FLR 238; Mark Lyons Pty. Ltd. v. Bursill Sportsgear Pty. Ltd. (1987) 75 ALR 581, Williams v. Papersave Pty. Ltd. (1987) 16 FCR 69. The Commission adopts the view that to be substantial the market power of a corporation must be considerable relative to that of the other participants in the market.
  • Per Mason C.J. and Wilson J. at 50, 008.
  • Trade Practices Workshop Session (1978) 1 (2) A.M.P.L.J. 472.
  • 1979/80 ATPR 15, 561.
  • Amco Enterprises v. Wade [1968] St. R. Qd. 44, Mills v. Stokman (1967) 116 CLR 61. The term “goods” is defined in the sale of goods legislation to include “emblements and things attached to or forming part of the land which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale” e.g. Goods Act 1958 (Vic), Section 3(1).
  • See generally, Crommelin, M., “PSLA—The Nature and Security of Offshore Titles,” (1979) 2 A.M.P.L.J. 135, 143, 144.
  • Lamer v. Power Machinery Pty. Ltd. (1977) 29 FLR 490.
  • Queensland Aggregates Pty. Ltd. v. TPC (1981) 38 ALR 217, 221.
  • Ibid, 220.
  • See Wallace, E.W. “Stamp Duty Aspects of Mining Interests and Transactions,” (1980) 2 A.M.P.L.J. 274, 301; Simmons D.W., “Problems in Creation, Transfer and Registration of Legal and Equitable Interests in Mining and Petroleum Concessions in South Australia With Recommendations for Legislative Reforms,” (1982) 4 A.M.P.L.J. 451, 459.
  • Carr, C.J., “Problems in Creation, Transfer and Registration of Legal and Equitable Interests in Mining and Petroleum Concessions in Western Australia with Recommendations for Legislative Reform,” (1982) 4 A.M.P.L.J. 432, 435.
  • TPC v. Legion Cabs (1978) 35 FLR 372.
  • Cottee R.I., “Comment on Assignment Clauses in Mining and Petroleum Joint Ventures,” [1986] AMPLA Yearbook 141.
  • Supra, note 16.
  • Supra, note 21.
  • Ashton v. Inland Revenue Commissioner [1975] 3 E.R. 225, 232; Federal Commissioner of Taxation v. Newton (1957) 96 C.L.R. 578, 630.
  • See Trade Practices Workshop Session supra, note 39, at 476.
  • Cottee R.I. op. cit, 145.
  • Section 46(l)(c).
  • See ss. 46(7) and s. 84.
  • See section 47(2)(1).
  • See Authorisation Application A3502, Philips Industries Holdings Ltd. and Philips Industries Ltd. [1975–61 ATPR p. 16, 503.
  • For a detailed analysis of joint marketing see Williamson D.G. supra, note 10.
  • See Ladbury, R.A. “Mining Joint Ventures” (1984) 12 A.B.L.R. 312, 316; Crommelin, M. “The Mining and Petroleum Joint Venture in Australia” (1986) 4 J.E.R.L. 65, 68.
  • For example, joint marketing agreement in relation to the Jabiru Project described in 1986 ATPR (Com) 50, 122.
  • For example, Jabiru and Bridge Oil determinations, supra, note 61, note 21.
  • For example, Delhi No 2, supra, note 19.
  • For example, Jabiru Project, supra, note 61.
  • TPC v. Nicholas Enterprises Pty. Ltd. (No. 2) (1979) 40 FLR 83.
  • TPV v. Email Ltd (1980) 43 FLR 383.
  • See for example the Bridge Oil determination, supra, note 21.
  • For example, the Jabiru and Bridge Oil determinations, supra, note 61, note 21.
  • For example the Delhi No. 2, supra, note 19.
  • 1976/77 ATPR (Com) 16,555; 1979/80 ATPR (Com) 15,566.
  • Donald, B, “Comment on Trade Practices”, (1977) 1 A.M.P.L.J. 113, 118; Schreiber H.S., “Trade Practices Workshop Session”, 1 A.M.P.L.J. 471, 483; Waite J.H., “Trade Practices Workshop Session”, 1 A.M.P.L.J. 471, 486; Williamson, D.G., “Trade Practices Law—Its Implications for Mining and Petroleum Joint Ventures”, (1977) 1 A.M.P.L.J. 59.
  • Supra, note 19.
  • See for example, Delhi No. 2, supra, note 19.
  • See for example, Bridge Oil, supra, note 21.
  • See for example, Delhi No. 2, supra, note 19.
  • Supra, note 70.
  • See Grace, J.G., “Comment on Deregulation: Crude Oil” [1988] AMPLA Yearbook, 52, 64.
  • See Williamson, D.G., supra, note 71, p 105.
  • Delhi No. 2, supra, note 19.
  • Williamson D.G., supra, note 71, p. 83.
  • Where the suppliers are themselves in joint venture the position might be different. See Skehill, S.F., “Comment on Trade Practices”, (1977) 1 A.M.P.L.J. 109, 112.
  • Consider for example the BTX supply contract in the Hydrocarbon Products determination, supra, note 6.
  • See Joscht A.S., “Trade Practices Workshop Session,” (1977) 1 A.M.P.L.J. 478.
  • See for example, Australian Sulphur Purchasing Association 1981/82 ATPR (Com) 50, 004.
  • 1983/84 ATPR (Com) 50, 056.
  • 1982/83 TPC Annual Report 104.
  • Sections 90(6) and 90(7).
  • Section 90(8).
  • QCMA case, supra, note 16.
  • Supra, note 34.
  • 1978/79 TPC Annual Report 45.
  • Supra, note 16.
  • (1979) 37 FLR 244.
  • Supra, note 70.
  • Supra, note 16, at 17, 242.
  • TPC Annual Reports 1977/78, 14; 1985/86, 10; 1986/87. 7.
  • However, see Henderson's Federal Spring Works [1987] ATPR (Com) 50,054.
  • See detailed discussions of Section 51 in Williamson D.G., supra note 10.
  • The Cooper Basin (Ratification) Act 1975 of South Australia provides an example. For a general discussion of State Agreements, see Warnick, L., “State Agreements”, (1988) 63 A.L.J. 878.
  • See Comalco Ltd. 1979/80 ATPR (Com) 50,072; 50,076.
  • 1975/76 ATPR (Com) 15, 551.
  • Supra, note 70, note 19.
  • Sections 76, 80, 82.
  • Section 81.

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