907
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Adolescent girls’ representations of the role of schools and teachers post-disaster: “second parents, second homes

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Article: 2242450 | Received 25 May 2023, Accepted 25 Jul 2023, Published online: 03 Aug 2023

References

  • Banks, D. M., & Weems, C. F. (2014). Family and peer social support and their links to psychological distress among hurricane-exposed minority youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(4), 341–199. https://doi.org/10.1037/ORT0000006
  • Barker, C., & Pistrang, N. (2005). Quality criteria under methodological pluralism: Implications for conducting and evaluating research. American Journal of Community Psychology, 35(3–4), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-005-3398-y
  • Bateman, A., Danby, S., & Carol Mutch and Dr Jay Marlowe, D. (2013). Recovering from the earthquake: Early childhood teachers and children collaboratively telling stories about their experiences. Disaster Prevention & Management: An International Journal, 22(5), 467–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-10-2013-0177
  • Betancourt, T. S. (2005). Stressors, supports and the social ecology of displacement: Psychosocial dimensions of an emergency education program for Chechen adolescents displaced in Ingushetia, Russia. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 29(3), 309–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-005-9170-9
  • Billig, M. (2006). Is my home my castle? Place attachment, risk perception, and religious faith. Environment and Behavior, 38(2), 248–265. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916505277608
  • Bokszczanin, A. (2011). Social support provided by adolescents following a disaster and perceived social support, sense of community at school, and proactive coping. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 25(5), 575–592. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2011.622374
  • Bonanno, G. A., Brewin, C. R., Kaniasty, K., & La Greca, A. M. (2010). Weighing the costs of disaster: Consequences, risks, and resilience in individuals, families, and communities. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Supplement, 11(1), 1–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100610387086
  • Bowlby, J. (1979). The Bowlby-Ainsworth attachment theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(4), 637–638. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00064955
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706QP063OA
  • Brown, R. (2011). Principles guiding practice and responses to recent community disasters in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 40(4), 86.
  • Buchanan, T. K., Casbergue, R. M., & Baumgartner, J. J. (2010). Consequences for classroom environments and school personnel: Evaluating Katrina’s effect on schools and system response. In R. P. Kilmer, V. E. Gil- Rivas, R. G. Tedeschi, & L. G. Calhoun (Eds.), Helping families and communities recover from disaster: Lessons learned from Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath (pp. 117–139). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12054-005
  • Chatterjee, S. (2005). Children’s friendship with place: A conceptual inquiry. Youth, and Environments, 15(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2005.0057
  • Cox, R. S., Scannell, L., Heykoop, C., Tobin-Gurley, J., & Peek, L. (2017). Understanding youth disaster recovery: The vital role of people, places, and activities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 249–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJDRR.2017.03.011
  • de Berry, J., Fazili, A., Farhad, S., Nasiry, F., Hashemi, S., & Hakimi, M. (2003). The children of Kabul: Discussions with Afghan families. Save the Children Federation, Kabul, For full text. http://www.savethechildren.org/pdf_publications/ChildrenofKabul.pdf
  • Dell’osso, L., Carmassi, C., Massimetti, G., Conversano, C., Daneluzzo, E., Riccardi, I., Stratta, P., & Rossi, A. (2011). Impact of traumatic loss on post-traumatic spectrum symptoms in high school students after the L’Aquila 2009 earthquake in Italy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 134(1–3), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAD.2011.06.025
  • Duveen, G. (2007). Culture and Social Representations. In J. Valsiner & A. Rosa (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of socio-cultural psychology (pp. 543–559). Cambridge University Press.
  • Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0
  • Fothergill, A., & Peek, L. (2006). Surviving catastrophe: A study of children in hurricane Katrina. In Natural Hazards Centre (Ed.) Learning from catastrophe: Quick response research in the wake of Hurricane Katrina (pp. 97–130). Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado:
  • Fried, M. (1963). The urban condition. In L. Duhl (Ed.), The urban condition: People and policy in the metropolis (pp. 124–152). Simon & Schuster.
  • Fried, M. (2000). Continuities and discontinuities of place. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20(3), 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1006/JEVP.1999.0154
  • Fullilove, M. (1996). Psychiatric implications of displacement: Contributions from the psychology. The American Journal of Psychiatry American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 12.
  • Garfias Royo, M., Parrott, E., Pacheco, E. M., Ahmed, I., Meilianda, E., Kumala, I., Oktari, R. S., Joffe, H., & Parikh, P. (2022). A Structured review of emotional barriers to WASH provision for schoolgirls post-disaster. Sustainability, 14(4), 2471. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU14042471
  • Gibbs, L., Mutch, C., O’Connor, P., & MacDougall, C. (2013). Research with, by, for and about children: Lessons from disaster contexts. Global Studies of Childhood, 3(2), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.2304/gsch.2013.3.2.129
  • Giuliani, M. V. (2003). Theory of attachment and place attachment. In M. Bonnes, T. Lee, & M. Bonaiuto (Eds.), Psychological theories for environmental issues (pp. 137–170). Ashgate.
  • Green, B. L., Korol, M., Grace, M. C., Vary, M. G., Leonard, A. C., Gleser, G. C., & Smitson-Cohen, S. (1991). Children and disaster: Age, gender, and parental effects on PTSD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(6), 945–951. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199111000-00012
  • Hajir, B., Clarke-Habibi, S., & Kurian, N. (2022). The ‘South’ speaks back: Exposing the ethical stakes of dismissing resilience in conflict-affected contexts. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 16(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2020.1860608
  • Harries, T. (2013). Responding to flood risk in the UK. In H. Joffe, T. Rossetto, & J. Adams Eds., Cities at Risk (pp. 45–72). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6184-1_4
  • Hawkins, R. L., & Maurer, K. (2011). “You fix my community, you have fixed my life”: The disruption and rebuilding of ontological security in New Orleans. Disasters, 35(1), 143–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01197.x
  • Hay, R. (1998). Sense of place in developmental context. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18(1), 5–29. https://doi.org/10.1006/JEVP.1997.0060
  • Hechanova, R., & Waelde, L. (2017). The influence of culture on disaster mental health and psychosocial support interventions in Southeast Asia. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1322048
  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. McGraw-Hill.
  • Höijer, B. (2011). Social representations theory. Nordicom Review, 32(2), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1515/NOR-2017-0109
  • Howarth, C. (2006). A social representation is not a quiet thing: Exploring the critical potential of social representations theory. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45(1), 65–86. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466605X43777
  • Joffe, H. (2003). Risk: From perception to social representation. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466603763276126
  • Joffe, H. (2011). Thematic analysis. Qualitative Research Methods in Mental Health and Psychotherapy: A Guide for Students and Practitioners, 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119973249.CH15
  • Joffe, H., & Elsey, J. W. B. (2014). Free association in psychology and the grid elaboration method. Review of General Psychology, 18(3), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/GPR0000014
  • Joffe, H., & Yardley, L. (2004). Content and thematic analysis. In D. F. Marks & L. Yardley (Eds.), Research methods for clinical and health psychology (pp. 55–68). SAGE Publications.
  • Johnson, V. A., & Ronan, K. R. (2014). Classroom responses of New Zealand school teachers following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Natural Hazards, 72(2), 1075–1092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1053-3
  • Kaniasty, K., & Norris, F. H. (2009). Distinctions that matter: Mental health and disasters. In Y. Neria, S. Galea, & F. H. Norris (Eds.), Mental health and disasters (pp. 175–200). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511730030.011
  • Keen, S., Lomeli-Rodriguez, M., & Joffe, H. (2022). From challenge to opportunity: Virtual qualitative research during COVID-19 and beyond. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 21, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069221105075
  • Koenig, M. A., & Sabbagh, M. A. (2013). Selective social learning: New perspectives on learning from others. Developmental Psychology, 49(3), 399–403. https://doi.org/10.1037/A0031619
  • Kunz, V. (2009). Sport as a post-disaster psychosocial intervention in Bam, Iran. Sport in society, 12(9), 1147–1157. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430430903137803
  • La Greca, A. M., Lai, B. S., Joormann, J., Auslander, B. B., & Short, M. A. (2013). Children’s risk and resilience following a natural disaster: Genetic vulnerability, posttraumatic stress, and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(3), 860–867. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAD.2013.07.024
  • La Greca, A. M., & Silverman, W. K. (2006). Treating children and adolescents affected by disasters and terrorism. In P. Kendall (Ed.), Child and adolescent therapy (Third ed, pp. 82–356). The Guilford Press.
  • La Greca, A. M., Silverman, W. K., Lai, B., & Jaccard, J. (2010). Hurricane-related exposure experiences and stressors, other life events, and social support: Concurrent and prospective impact on children’s persistent posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(6), 794–805. https://doi.org/10.1037/A0020775
  • Lai, B. S., Alisic, E., Lewis, R., & Ronan, K. R. (2016). Approaches to the assessment of children in the context of disasters. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(5), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0683-4
  • Lai, B. S., Esnard, A. M., Wyczalkowski, C., Savage, R., & Shah, H. (2019). Trajectories of school recovery after a natural disaster: Risk and protective factors. Risk, Hazards, & Crisis in Public Policy, 10(1), 32–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/rhc3.12158
  • Lai, B. S., Osborne, M. C., Piscitello, J., Self-Brown, S., & Kelley, M. L. (2018). The relationship between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among youth exposed to a natural disaster. European journal of psychotraumatology, 9(sup2). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1450042
  • Lalli, M. (1992). Urban-related identity: Theory, measurement, and empirical findings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 12(4), 285–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80078-7
  • Le Brocque, R., De Young, A., Montague, G., Pocock, S., March, S., Triggell, N., Rabaa, C., & Kenardy, J. (2017). Schools and natural disaster recovery: The unique and vital role that teachers and education professionals play in ensuring the mental health of students following natural disasters. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 27(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/JGC.2016.17
  • Low, S. M., & Altman, I. (1992). Place Attachment. Place Attachment, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8753-4_1
  • Mallett, S. (2004). Understanding home: A critical review of the literature. The Sociological Review, 52(1), 62–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2004.00442.x
  • Marková, I. (2003). Dialogicality and social representations: The dynamics of mind. Cambridge University Press.
  • Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
  • Masten, A. S. (2013). Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. Child Development, 85(1), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12205
  • Masten, A. S. (2019). Resilience from a developmental systems perspective. World Psychiatry, 18(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.1002/WPS.20591
  • Masten, A. S. (2021). Resilience of children in disasters: A multisystem perspective. International Journal of Psychology, 56(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/IJOP.12737
  • Masten, A. S., & Narayan, A. J. (2012). Child development in the context of disaster, war, and terrorism: Pathways of risk and resilience. Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 227–257. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100356
  • Masten, A. S., Narayan, A. J., Silverman, W. K., & Osofsky, J. D. (2015). Children in war and disaster. Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.CHILDPSY418
  • Masten, A. S., & Obradovic, J. (2008). Disaster preparation and recovery: Lessons from research on resilience in human development. Ecology and Society, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-02282-130109
  • Matsuura, S., & Shaw, R. (2015). Exploring the possibilities of school-based recovery and community building in Toni District, Kamaishi. Natural Hazards, 75(1), 613–633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1344-8
  • McKinzie, A. E., & Clay-Warner, J. (2021). The gendered effect of disasters on mental health: A systematic review. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disaster, 39(2), 227–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900202
  • Mooney, M., Tarrant, R., Paton, D., Johnston, D., & Johal, S. (2021). The school community contributes to how children cope effectively with a disaster. Pastoral Care in Education, 39(1), 24–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2020.1774632
  • Moscovici, S. (1961). La psychoanalyse, son image et son public. Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Moscovici, S. (1973). Foreword. In Health and illness: A social psychological analysis. Academic Press.
  • Moscovici, S. (1984). The phenomenon of social representations. In R. Farr & S. Moscovici (Eds.), Social representations (pp. 3–69). Cambridge University Press.
  • Moscovici, S., & Marková, I. (1998). Presenting social representations: A conversation. Culture & Psychology, 4(3), 371–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X9800400305
  • Mutch, C. (2014). The role of schools in disaster preparedness, response and recovery: What can we learn from the literature? Pastoral Care in Education, 32(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2014.880123
  • Mutch, C. (2015). The role of schools in disaster settings: Learning from the 2010-2011 New Zealand earthquakes. International Journal of Educational Development, 41, 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.06.008
  • Mutch, C. (2016). Schools as communities and for communities: Learning from the 2010-2011 New Zealand earthquakes. School Community Journal, 26(1), 115–138. http://www.schoolcommunitynetwork.org/SCJ.aspx
  • Mutch, C. (2018). The role of schools in helping communities copes with earthquake disasters: The case of the 2010–2011 New Zealand earthquakes. Environmental Hazards, 17(4), 331–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2018.1485547
  • Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., Watson, P. J., Byrne, C. M., Diaz, E., & Kaniasty, K. (2002). 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001. Psychiatry, 65(3), 207–239. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.65.3.207.20173
  • Ntontis, E., Drury, J., Amlôt, R., Rubin, G. J., & Williams, R. (2020). What lies beyond social capital? The role of social psychology in building community resilience to climate change. Traumatology, 26(3), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.1037/TRM0000221
  • O’Connor, C., & Joffe, H. (2020). Intercoder reliability in qualitative research: Debates and practical guidelines. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1609406919899220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919899220
  • O’Toole, V. M. (2017). “I thought i was going to die”: Teachers’ reflections on their emotions and cognitive appraisals in response to the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 46(2), 71–86.
  • Pacheco, E. M., Parrott, E., Oktari, R. S., & Joffe, H. (2022). How schools can aid children’s resilience in disaster settings: The contribution of place attachment, sense of place and social representations theories. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1004022–100422. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2022.1004022
  • Paton, D., & Johnston, D. (2017). Disaster resilience: An integrated approach (2nd ed). Charles C Thomas.
  • Peek, L. (2008). Children and disasters: Understanding vulnerability, developing capacities, and promoting resilience - an introduction. Children Youth and Environments, 18(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2008.0052
  • Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. (2019). Laporan Finalisasi Data dan Informasi Bencana Gempa Bumi, Tsunami dan Likuifaksi Padagimo di Sulawesi Tengah. Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. https://monitoring.skp-ham.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Laporan-Finalisasi-Data-dan-Informasi-Bencana-Gempa-Bumi-Tsunami-dan-Likuifaksi-Padagimo-di-Sulawesi-30-Jan-2019.pdf
  • Pfefferbaum, B., Jacobs, A. K., Houston, J. B., & Griffin, N. (2015). Children’s disaster reactions: The influence of family and social factors. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(7), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-015-0597-6
  • Pfefferbaum, B., Jacobs, A. K., Jones, R. T., Reyes, G., & Wyche, K. F. (2017). A skill set for supporting displaced children in psychological recovery after disasters. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(9), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0814-6
  • Pretty, G. H., Chipuer, H. M., & Bramston, P. (2003). Sense of place amongst adolescents and adults in two rural Australian towns: The discriminating features of place attachment, sense of community and place dependence in relation to place identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(3), 273–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00079-8
  • Prinstein, M. J., La Greca, A. M., Vernberg, E. M., & Silverman, W. K. (1996). Children’s coping assistance: How parents, teachers, and friends help children cope after a natural disaster. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25(4), 463–475. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2504_11
  • Prior, V., & Glaser, D. (2006). Understanding attachment and attachment disorders: Theory, evidence, and practice. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Rahman, A., Sakurai, A., & Munadi, K. (2018). The analysis of the development of the Smong story on the 1907 and 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis in strengthening the Simeulue island community’s resilience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 29, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJDRR.2017.07.015
  • Relph, E. (1976). Place and placelessness. Pion Limited.
  • Robinson, S., Murphy, H., & Bies, A. (2014). Structured to partner: School district collaboration with nonprofit organizations in disaster response. Risk, Hazards, & Crisis in Public Policy, 5(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/RHC3.12047
  • Roisman, G. I., Padrón, E., Sronfe, L. A., & Egeland, B. (2002). Earned–secure attachment status in retrospect and prospect. Child Development, 73(4), 1204–1219. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00467
  • Saltzman, W. R., Layne, C. M., Steinberg, A. M., & Pynoos, R. S. (2006). Trauma/grief-focused group psychotherapy with adolescents. In L. A. Schein, H. I. Spitz, G. M. Berlingame, & P. R. Mushkin (Eds.), Psychological effects of catastrophic disasters: Group approaches to treatment (pp. 669–730). Haworth. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315821306-18
  • Sawyer, I., Fardghassemi, S., & Joffe, H. (2022). How the home features in young adults’ representations of loneliness: The impact of COVID-19. British Journal of Social Psychology, 61(4), 1351–1375. https://doi.org/10.1111/BJSO.12540
  • Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2010). Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVP.2009.09.006
  • Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2017). The experienced psychological benefits of place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 51, 256–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.04.001
  • Seddighi, H., & Salmani, I. (2019). Gender differences in children mental health disorders after earthquakes in Iran: A systematic review. Journal of Community Health Research, 8(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.18502/JCHR.V8I1.562
  • Seyle, D. C., Widyatmoko, C. S., & Silver, R. C. (2013). Coping with natural disasters in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A study of elementary school teachers. School Psychology International, 34(4), 387–404. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034312446889
  • Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Gelfand, M. J. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-cultural research, 29(3), 240–275. https://doi.org/10.1177/106939719502900302
  • Skovdal, M., & Campbell, C. (2015). Beyond education: What role can schools play in the support and protection of children in extreme settings? International Journal of Educational Development, 41, 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJEDUDEV.2015.02.005
  • Slikkerveer, L. J. (2019). Gotong Royong: An indigenous institution of communality and mutual assistance in Indonesia 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05423-6_14
  • Smith, N., & Joffe, H. (2013). How the public engages with global warming: A social representations approach. Public Understanding of Science, 22(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662512440913
  • Stedman, R. C. (2003). Is it really just a social construction?: The contribution of the physical environment to sense of place. Society and Natural Resources, 16(8), 671–685. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920309189
  • Sutton, S. A., Paton, D., Buergelt, P., Meilianda, E., & Sagala, S. (2020). What’s in a name? “Smong” and the sustaining of risk communication and DRR behaviours as evocation fades. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 44, 101408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101408
  • Tearne, J. E., Guragain, B., Ghimire, L., Leaning, J., & Newnham, E. A. (2021). The health and security of women and girls following disaster: A qualitative investigation in post-earthquake Nepal. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 66, 102622. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJDRR.2021.102622
  • Thomas, D. R. (2016). Feedback from research participants: Are member checks useful in qualitative research? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 14(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2016.1219435
  • UN Environment Programme. (2013). Disaster Waste Management Guidelines. Https://Wedocs.Unep.Org/Bitstream/Handle/20.500.11822/27291/DisaterWM_guidelines.Pdf?Sequence=1&isAllowed=y#:~:Text=Disaster%20waste%20is%20a%20well,Made%20in%20future%20response% 20efforts.
  • Wage Centre. (2023). Salary in Indonesia. https://wagecentre.com/work/work-in-asia-and-oceania/salary-in-indonesia
  • Widyatmoko, C. S., Tan, E. T., Seyle, D. C., Mayawati, E. H., & Silver, R. C. (2011). Coping with natural disasters in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The psychological state of elementary school children as assessed by their teachers. School Psychology International, 32(5), 484–497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034311402919
  • Wolmer, L., Hamiel, D., & Laor, N. (2011). Preventing children’s posttraumatic stress after disaster with teacher-based intervention: A controlled study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(4), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.002
  • Wolpow, R., Johnson, M. M., Hertel, R., & Kincaid, S. O. (2009). The heart of learning and teaching: Compassion, resiliency, and academic success. Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction Compassionate Schools. www.k12.wa.us/CompassionateSchools/Resources.aspx
  • Zadeh, S. (2017). The implications of dialogicality for ‘giving voice’ in social representations research. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 47(3), 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1111/JTSB.12136