A critical review on rural youth unemployment in Ethiopia

References

• Abshoko, A. D. (2016). Determinants of youth unemployment; evidence from Ethiopia. Global Journal of Human-Social Science: Arts & Humanities - Psychology, 16(4), Version 1.0 Year 2016. https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume16/2-Determinants-of-Youth.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Adser, S., Line, B., Paul, C., & Spartak, K. (2013). Livelihoods, challenges and trends: The situation for youth in Mpharane Ilunrm, South Africa. Interdisciplinary. In Land use and natural resource management. Faculty of Science, University Copenhagen. https://sluse.dk/project/South-Africa_livelihoods__challenges_and_trends_the_situation_for_youth_in_mpharane.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Alebel, B., Weldesilassie, T. K., Mekonen, B., Tigabu, G., Seid, Y., Abenezer, W., & Fisseha, A. (2019). Second Agricultural Growth Program (AGP-II) Impact Evaluation Report. Policy Studies Institute (PSI). Addis Ababa, September 2019. https://psi.org.et/index.php/research-reports-2?download=115:second-agricultural-growth-program-agp-ii-impact-evaluation-report
   Google Scholar
• Ayele, S., Khan, S., & Sumberg, J. (2017). Introduction: New perspectives on Africa’s youth employment challenge. IDS bulletin, 48(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.19088/1968-2017.121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezu, S., & Holden, S. (2013). Land access and youth livelihood opportunities in Southern Ethiopia. Centre for Land Tenure Studies Working Paper, No. 11/13, ISBN 978-82-7490-221-3, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Land Tenure Studies (CLTS). http://hdl.handle.net/10419/242718
   Google Scholar
• Bezu, S., & Holden, S. (2014). Are rural youth in Ethiopia abandoning agriculture? World Development 64, 259–272. ISSN 0305-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.06.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazes, S., & Verick, S. (2021). Persistent inequalities and new forms of work in developing countries. International Labour Review, 160(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12152
   Google Scholar
• Central Statistical Agency. (2013). Key findings on the 2013 National labor force survey. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
   Google Scholar
• Central Statistical Agency. (2014). Statistical report for the urban employment unemployment survey. The federal democratic republic of Ethiopia. http://www.csa.gov.et/survey-report/category/95-ueues-2014?download=101:ueues-2014
   Google Scholar
• Central Statistical Agency. (2015a). ‘Report on large and Medium Scale Manufacturing and Electricity Industries Survey’. Central Statistical Agency, Retrieved August 14, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Central Statistical Agency. (2015c). Statistical report on the 2015 urban employment unemployment survey. Central Statistical Agency Retrieved August 13, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Central Statistical Agency and International Organizations for Migration. (2021). Labour force and migration survey key findings. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, http://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Final-2021-LABOUR-FORCE-AND-MIGRATION-SURVEY_Key-finding-Report-.17AUG2021.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Central Statistics Agency (CSA). (2021a). The 2021 labour force and migration survey. Statistical Report. Addis Ababa, https://www.ilo.org/surveyLib/index.php/catalog/7982/download/49921
   Google Scholar
• Central Statistics Agency (CSA). (2021b). Labour force and migration survey key findings. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, https://www.ilo.org/surveyLib/index.php/catalog/7982/download/49920
   Google Scholar
• Commonwealth. (2016). Youth entrepreneurship in Africa: Removing barriers, unlocking potential. http://thecommonwealth.org/sites/default/files/inline/YouthEntrepreneurshipInAfrica.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Dey, M., Houseman, S. N., & Polivka, A. E. (2022). Why measuring underemployment matters for understanding labor underutilization. Monthly Labor Review, 145. https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2022.8
   Google Scholar
• Ernst, E., Sánchez Martínez, M., Horne, R., Saman, D., Kühn, S., & Gomis, R. (2023). World employment and social outlook: Trends 2023. 1st ed. ILO. https://doi.org/10.54394/SNCP1637
   Google Scholar
• Essay, S. S. (2020). Determinants of youth unemployment: The case of Hawassa city. Journal of Business & Management, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2204080107. 2020
   Google Scholar
• Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (2004). National youth policy. Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture. March 12, 2004 Addis Ababa. https://www.youthpolicy.org/national/Ethiopia_2004_National_Youth_Policy.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 114, 254–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geda, A. (2022). The Challenge of Unemployment and Youth Unemployment Amidst Fast Economic Growth in Ethiopia. Policy brief. https://publication.aercafricalibrary.org/items/ba9a10aa-fff3-4f2b-b900-c2551792b8da
   Google Scholar
• Getahun, T. D., & Fetene, G. M. (2020). Enhancement of employment and income opportunities for rural youth in Ethiopia: A review of four large youth employment initiatives. FARA Research Report, 5(4), 35. https://psi.org.et/index.php/other-publications-4?download=118:enhancement-of-employment-and-income-opportunities-for-rural-youth-in-ethiopia-a-review-of-four-large-youth-employment-initiatives
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, H., Rahman, S., Envulus, E., & Oyewole, S. (2010, February 15). Income and crop diversification among farming households in a rural area of north central Nigeria. Agro-Science, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v8i2.51102
   Google Scholar
• ILO (International Labour Organization). (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the informal economy and policy responses in Ethiopia. International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/africa/technical-cooperation/WCMS_814878/lang–en/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• ILO International Labour Organization. (2022a). World employment and social outlook: Trends 2022. https://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/weso/trends2022/WCMS_834054/lang–en/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• ILO (International Labour Organization). (2023) ILO youth country briefs. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_886385.pdf
   Google Scholar
• ILO (International Labour Organizations). (2022). Global employment trends for youth 2022: Investing in transforming futures for young people. ISBN 978-92-2-036767-4 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-036768-1. https://doi.org/10.54394/QSMU1809
   Google Scholar
• Joshi, R. (2020). Disguised unemployment: Concept, measurement and policies. Economic & Political Weekly, 55(9), 22–25.
   Google Scholar
• Kapsos, S., & Bourmpoula, E. (2013). Employment and economic class in the developing world. International Labour Review, 152(3–4), 385–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913X.2013.00162.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labor Force Survey. (2013). Statistical report on the 2013 National labor force survey. Central Statistical Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, http://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/National-Labor-Force-2013.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mekonnen, M. A. (2021). The Causes of Youth Unemployment Among Tertiary Graduates in Ethiopia [ Master thesis]. KDI School of Public Policy and Management, KDI archives. https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/bitstream/11125/42557/1/The%20Causes%20of%20youth%20unemployment%20among%20tertiary%20graduates%20in%20Ethiopia.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rigg, J. (2006). Land, farming, livelihoods, and poverty: Rethinking the links in the rural south. World Development, 34(1), 180–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.07.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, E., & Woldeyes, F. B. (2019). Rural youth and employment in Ethiopia. Youth and Jobs in Rural Africa, 109–136. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848059.003.0005
   Google Scholar
• Start, D., & Johnson, C. (2004). Livelihood options? The political economy of access, opportunity and diversification. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253494770_Livelihood_Options_The_Political_Economy_of_Access_Opportunity_and_Diversification#fullTextFileContent
   Google Scholar
• Tamirat, B. A. (2023). Youth unemployment in Ethiopia: Causes, consequences and policy options. Journal of Economics & Sustainable Development, 14(1), 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Tedla, W. T. (2019). Rural youth livelihood opportunities and impediments of livelihood strategy choice in North Western Ethiopia | tedla | Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development. Retrieved from https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JPID/article/view/50366
   Google Scholar
• UNDP. (2022a). Crisis, resilience and opportunity: Poverty, human development, and the macro economy in Ethiopia, 2020-23. Addis Ababa.
   Google Scholar
• UNDP. (2022b). Ethiopia 2030: A country transformed? Options for a next generation of reforms. Working Paper Series No. 2. December 2022, Retrieved September 10, 2023 from https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/202303/UNDP%20Ethiopia_Working%20paper%20series%202.pdf
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on children in Ethiopia. UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/ethiopia/impact-covid-19-children-ethiopia
   Google Scholar
• United Nation. (2022). The sustainable development goals report. Department of economic and social affairs. ISBN: 978-92-1-101448-8. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2022/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2022.pdf
   Google Scholar
• WFP. (2021). Ethiopia situation report - May 2021. World food programme. https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/wfp-ethiopia-situation-report-may-2021
   Google Scholar
• WIDE. (2014). Work creation for the rural youth. WIDE Discussion Brief, 5(3). Retrieved June 2021 from https://ethiopiawide.net/wp-content/uploads/WIDE_DB3_Work_Rural_Youth.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Woldehanna, T., Amha, W., & Yonis, M. B. (2018). Correlates of business survival: Empirical evidence on youth-owned micro and small enterprises in Urban Ethiopia. IZA Journal of Development & Migration, 8(14), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40176-018-0122-x ( ISSN 2520-1786, Springer).
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2020). Ethiopia economic update: Laying the foundation for post-COVID recovery through reforms. World bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34624
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2021a). Data bank: Employment in agriculture (% of total employment). (modelled ILO estimate, accessed January 2021. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/) https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2021b). Ethiopia youth unemployment rate. Retrieved September 14, 2023. https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ETH/ethiopia/youth-unemployment-rate; ILO modelled estimates database” ILOSTAT. ‘>1991-2021. www.macrotrends.net
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2021c). The impact of COVID-19 on ICT access and use in Ethiopia. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/36385
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (n.d.). Ethiopia. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/education-statistics—all-indicators/preview/on
   Google Scholar
• World Bank Open Data. (n.d.). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.SEC.CUAT.LO.ZS?locations=ET
   Google Scholar
• Wubie, H. (2012). Youth unemployment in Ethiopia. An overview, https://englishbulletin.adapt.it/docs/hiruy_2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Yami, M., Ameda, T., Snel, H., Ambaye, A., & Kebede, S. (2020). Realising Sustainable Agricultural Livelihoods Security in Ethiopia (BENEFIT-REALISE) Program. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343480612_Policies_and_Interventions_for_Rural_Youth_Employment_in_Ethiopia_A_Synthesis_of_Literature_Review#fullTextFileContent.
   Google Scholar
• Yitateku, A. A., & Beneberu, A. W. (2020). Determinantes of rural youth unemployment in Northwest Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Extension Management, XXI(1), 2–16. 2020.
   Google Scholar