Chinese college teachers’ work-family conflict and their preschool children’s problem behaviors: the mediating effects of parental phubbing and children’s problematic media use

References

• Abeele, M. M. V., Antheunis, M. L., & Schouten, A. P. (2016). The effect of mobile messaging during a conversation on impression formation and interaction quality. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 562–569. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1981). Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four through sixteen. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 46(1), 1–82. doi:10.2307/1165983
   Google Scholar
• Ashford, J., Van Lier, P. A., Timmermans, M., Cuijpers, P., & Koot, H. M. (2008). Prenatal smoking and internalizing and externalizing problems in children studied from childhood to late adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(7), 779–787. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e318172eefb
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. New York: General Learning Press.
   Google Scholar
• Basten, M., Tiemeier, H., Althoff, R. R., Schoot, R., Jaddoe, V., Hofman, A., … Ende, J. (2016). The stability of problem behavior across the preschool years: An empirical approach in the general population. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(2), 393–404. doi:10.1007/s10802-015-9993-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2015). Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital. Social Science Computer Review, 33(1), 61–79. doi:10.1177/0894439314528779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), 723–742. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.22.6.723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In R. M. Lerner, & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (pp. 793–828). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Cabello, R., Gutiérrez-Cobo, M. J., & Fernandez-Berrocal, P. (2017). Parental education and aggressive behavior in children: A moderated-mediation model for inhibitory control and gender. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1181. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, E., & Ciancetta, L. (2016). In T. D. Allen, & L. T. Eby (Eds.). Child outcomes associated with parent work-family experiences (pp. 151–164). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. The Oxford Handbook of Work and Family.
   Google Scholar
• Cho, K. S., & Lee, J. M. (2017). Influence of smartphone addiction proneness of young children on problematic behaviors and emotional intelligence: Mediating self-assessment effects of parents using smartphones. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 303–311. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christakis, D. A. (2014). Interactive media use at younger than the age of 2 years. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(5), 399–400. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.5081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christakis, D. A., Gilkerson, J., Richards, J. A., Zimmerman, F. J., Garrison, M. M., Xu, D., … Yapanel, U. (2009). Audible television and decreased adult words, infant vocalizations, and conversational turns. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 163(6), 554–558. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooklin, A. R., Westrupp, E. M., Strazdins, L., Giallo, R., Martin, A., & Nicholson, J. M. (2014). Fathers at work: Work–family conflict, work–family enrichment and parenting in an Australian cohort. Journal of Family Issues, 37(11), 1611–1635. doi:10.1177/0192513x14553054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David, M. E., & Roberts, J. A. (2017). Phubbed and alone: Phone snubbing, social exclusion, and attachment to social media. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 2(2), 155–163.
   Google Scholar
• De-Sola, J., Talledo, H., Rubio, G., & de Fonseca, F. R. (2017). Psychological factors and alcohol use in problematic mobile phone use in the Spanish population. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 11. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, Q., Kong, L., Zhang, Yong., Zhou, Z., & Hu, W.(2018). Parents phubbing and mobile phone addiction in junior high school students: A cross-lagged analysis. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26(5), 952–955. doi:10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2018.05.025
   Google Scholar
• Dinh, H., Cooklin, A. R., Leach, L. S., Westrupp, E. M., Nicholson, J. M., & Strazdins, L. (2017). Parents’ transitions into and out of work-family conflict and children's mental health: Longitudinal influence via family functioning. Social Science & Medicine, 194, 42–50. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domoff, S. E., Borgen, A. L., Foley, R. P., & Maffett, A. (2019). Excessive use of mobile devices and children’s physical health. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(2), 169–175. doi:10.1002/hbe2.145
   Google Scholar
• Eirich, R., Mcarthur, B. A., Anhorn, C., Mcguinness, C., Christakis, D. A., & Madigan, S. (2022). Association of screen time with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children 12 years or younger. JAMA Psychiatry, 79(5), 393–405. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erel O, Burman B. (1995). Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1): 108–132. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eynde, A. v. d., Claessens, E., & Mortelmans, D. (2020). The consequences of work-family conflict in families on the behavior of the child. Journal of Family Research, 32(1), 123–144. doi:10.20377/jfr-355
   Google Scholar
• Farmer, A. Y., & Lee, S. K. (2011). The effects of parenting stress, perceived mastery, and maternal depression on parent–child interaction. Journal of Social Service Research, 37(5), 516–525. doi:10.1080/01488376.2011.607367
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (1998). Early conduct problems and later life opportunities. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 1097–1108. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, L., Yang, C., Yang, X., Chu, X., Liu, Q., & Zhou, Z. (2022). Negative emotion and problematic mobile phone use: The mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of social support. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 25(1), 138–151. doi:10.1111/ajsp.12471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76–88. doi:10.2307/258214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halbesleben, J. R., Harvey, J., & Bolino, M. C. (2009). Too engaged? A conservation of resources view of the relationship between work engagement and work interference with family. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1452–1465. doi:10.1037/a0017595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2018). Partial, conditional, and moderated moderated mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 4–40. doi:10.1080/03637751.2017.1352100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, C., Wei, H., Chen, W., & Feng,T.T. (2022). The influence of parents’ working through information and communication technologies after hours on preschoolers’ behavior problems: A moderated mediation model. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30(5), 1074–1079. doi:10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2022.05.013
   Google Scholar
• Hefner, D., Knop, K., Schmitt, S., & Vorderer, P. (2019). Rules? Role model? Relationship? The impact of parents on their children’s problematic mobile phone involvement. Media Psychology, 22(1), 82–108. doi:10.1080/15213269.2018.1433544
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess, S., & Pollmann-Schult, M. (2020). Associations between mothers’ work-family conflict and children’s psychological well-being: The mediating role of mothers’ parenting behavior. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 1561–1571. doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01669-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, L. G., Coie, J. D., Lochman, J. E., & Greenberg, M. T. (2004). Effectiveness of early screening for externalizing problems: Issues of screening accuracy and utility. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(5), 809–820. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, W., Liu, R. D., Ding, Y., Oei, T. P., Zhen, R., & Jiang, S. (2019). Parents’ phubbing and problematic mobile phone use: The roles of the parent–child relationship and children's self-esteem. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(12), 779–786. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horoz, N., Buil, J. M., Koot, S., Van Lenthe, F. J., Houweling, T. A., Koot, H. M., … Van Lier, P. A. (2022). Children's behavioral and emotional problems and peer relationships across elementary school: Associations with individual-and school-level parental education. Journal of school psychology, 93, 119–137. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2022.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351–354. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H., Seo, M., & David, P. (2015). Alleviating depression only to become problematic mobile phone users: Can face-to-face communication be the antidote?. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 440–447. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaFreniere, P. J., & Dumas, J. E. (1996). Social competence and behavior evaluation in children ages 3 to 6 years: The short form (SCBE-30). Psychological Assessment, 8(4), 369–377. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.8.4.369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau, E. Y. H., & Power, T. G. (2020). Coparenting, parenting stress, and authoritative parenting among Hong Kong Chinese mothers and fathers. Parenting, 20(3), 167–176. doi:10.1080/15295192.2019.1694831
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letourneau, N. L., Duffett-Leger, L., Levac, L., Watson, B., & Young-Morris, C. (2013). Socioeconomic status and child development. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 21(3), 211–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H., Luo, W., & He, H. (2022). Association of parental screen addiction with young children’s screen addiction: A chain-mediating model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12788. doi:10.3390/ijerph191912788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J., Wang, J., Xiao, B., Li, Y., & Li, H. (2024). Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the problematic media use measure. Early Education and Development, 35(1), 26–41. doi:10.1080/10409289.2023.2193856
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y. X., & Zhao, N. (2009). Structure and measurement of work-family support and its moderation effect. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 41(9), 863–874. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2009.00863
   Google Scholar
• Lim, Y. (2023). Parents’ work-family conflict and children’s behavioral problems: Mediating roles of parental warmth and children’s executive function difficulties. Current Psychology, 1–18. doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04866-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, H. P., Chen, K. L., Chou, W., Yuan, K. S., Yen, S. Y., Chen, Y. S., & Chow, J. C. (2020). Prolonged touch screen device usage is associated with emotional and behavioral problems, but not language delay, in toddlers. Infant Behavior and Development, 58, 101424. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J. (2004). Childhood externalizing behavior: Theory and implications. Journal of.Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 17(3), 93–103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu, Y., Song, Y., Liang, Z., Bai, Y., & Deng, H. (2012). Evaluation of social competence and behavior of urban children in China. Journal of Southeast University, 31(3), 268–273.
   Google Scholar
• Lohndorf, R. T., Vermeer, H. J., Cárcamo, R. A., Harpe, C., & Mesman, J. (2019). Preschoolers’ problem behavior, prosocial behavior, and language ability in a Latin-American context: The roles of child executive functions and socialization environments. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 48, 36–49. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.02.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mak, M. C. K., Yin, L., Li, M., Cheung, R. Y. H., & Oon, P. T. (2020). The relation between parenting stress and child behavior problems: Negative parenting styles as mediator. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 2993–3003. doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01785-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manganello, J. A., & Taylor, C. A. (2009). Television exposure as a risk factor for aggressive behavior among 3-year-old children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 163(11), 1037–1045. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.193
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mason, W. A., & Windle, M. (2002). Gender, self-control, and informal social control in adolescence. Youth & Society, 33(4), 479–514. doi:10.1177/0044118X02033004001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., & Ruokolainen, M. (2006). Exploring work- and organization-based resources as moderators between work–family conflict, well-being, and job attitudes. Work & Stress, 20(3), 210–233. doi:10.1080/02678370600999969
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). Technology interference in the parenting of young children: Implications for mothers’ perceptions of coparenting. The Social Science Journal, 53(4), 435–443. doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2016.04.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel, B. T., & Radesky, J. S. (2018). Technoference: Parent distraction with technology and associations with child behavior problems. Child Development, 89(1), 100–109. doi:10.1111/cdev.12822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLoyd, V. C., Toyokawa, T., & Kaplan, R. (2008). Work demands, work–family conflict, and child adjustment in African American families. Journal of Family Issues, 29(10), 1247–1267. doi:10.1177/0192513X08320189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesman, J., Bongers, I. L., & Koot, H. M. (2001). Preschool developmental pathways to preadolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(5), 679–689. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mi, Z., Cao, W., Diao, W., Wu, M., & Fang, X. (2023). The relationship between parental phubbing and mobile phone addiction in junior high school students: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1117221. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1117221
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400–410. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponnet, K., Mortelmans, D., Wouters, E., Van Leeuwen, K., Bastaits, K., & Pasteels, I. (2013). Parenting stress and marital relationship as determinants of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting. Personal Relationships, 20(2), 259–276. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2012.01404.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pu, J., Hou, H., Ma, R., & Sang, J. (2017). The effect of psychological capital between work–family conflict and job burnout in Chinese university teachers: Testing for mediation and moderation. Journal of Health Psychology, 22(14), 1799–1807. doi:10.1177/1359105316636950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2016). My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: Partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction among romantic partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 134–141. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, X., Yang, Y. L., Wang, Y., Liu, L., Wang, S., & Wang, L. (2014). The association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms and the mediating role of psychological capital among Chinese university teachers: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1), 1–8. doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0329-1
   Google Scholar
• Stockdale, L. A., Coyne, S. M., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2018). Parent and child technoference and socioemotional behavioral outcomes: A nationally representative study of 10-to 20-year-old adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 219–226. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swing, E. L., Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., & Walsh, D. A. (2010). Television and video game exposure and the development of attention problems. Pediatrics, 126(2), 214–221. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmermans, M., Van Lier, P. A., & Koot, H. M. (2008). Which forms of child/adolescent externalizing behaviors account for late adolescent risky sexual behavior and substance use?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 386–394. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01842.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vahedi, A., Krug, I., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., & Westrupp, E.M. (2018). Longitudinal associations between work-family conflict and enrichment, inter-parental conflict, and child internalizing and externalizing problems. Social Science & Medicine, 211, 251–260. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vahedi, A., Krug, I., & Westrupp, E. M. (2019). Crossover of parents’ work-family conflict to family functioning and child mental health. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 62, 38–49. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2019.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vital-López, L., García-García, R., Rodríguez-Reséndíz, J., Paredes-García, W. J., Zamora-Antuñano, M. A., Oluyomi-Elufisan, T., & Cruz-Pérez, M. A. (2022). The impacts of COVID-19 on technological and polytechnic university teachers. Sustainability, 14(8), 4593. doi:10.3390/su14084593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, P., Chu, P., Wang, J., Pan, R., Sun, Y., Yan, M., … Zhang, D. (2020). Association between job stress and organizational commitment in three types of Chinese university teachers: Mediating effects of job burnout and job satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 576768. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westman, M. (2002). Historical and current perspectives on stress and health: Research in occupational stress and well-being. In P. L. Perrewe, & D. C. Ganster (Eds.), Of stress and strain in the family and in the workplace (pp. 143–181). Greenwich, CT: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Crossover.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Q., & Zhou, N. (2023). Work stress and personal and relational well-being among Chinese college teachers: The indirect roles of sense of control and work-related rumination. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 2819–2828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, X., Chen, W., Zhu, X., & He, D. (2019). Parents’ phubbing increases adolescents’ mobile phone addiction: Roles of parent-child attachment, deviant peers, and gender. Children and Youth Services Review, 105, 104426. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104426
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, X., & Xie, J. (2020). Parental phubbing accelerates depression in late childhood and adolescence:A two-path model. Journal of Adolescence, 78(1), 43–52. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.12.004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yalçin, S. S., Tezol, Ö., Çaylan, N., Erat Nergiz, M., Yildiz, D., Çiçek, Ş., & Oflu, A. (2021). Evaluation of problematic screen exposure in pre-schoolers using a unique tool called “seven-in-seven screen exposure questionnaire”: Cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics, 21(1), 1–11. doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02939-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H. M., & Kim, H. R. (2021). Work–family conflict on children’s internet addiction: Role of parenting styles in Korean working mother. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5774. doi:10.3390/ijerph18115774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, T., Li, J., He, L., & Pan, X. (2022). How work stress impacts emotional outcomes of Chinese college teachers: The moderated mediating effect of stress mindset and resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10932. doi:10.3390/ijerph191710932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yucel, D., & Latshaw, B. A. (2021). How do mothers’ and fathers’ work–family conflict impact children’s problem behaviors? Journal of Family Issues, 42(3), 571–598. doi:10.1177/0192513X20926209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Ding, Q., & Wang, Z. (2021). Why parental phubbing is at risk for adolescent mobile phone addiction: A serial mediating model. Children and Youth Services Review, 121, 105873. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105873
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., Zhang, Y., Jiang, F., Ip, P., Ho, F. K. W., Zhang, Y., & Huang, H. (2018). Excessive screen time and psychosocial well-being: The mediating role of body mass index, sleep duration, and parent-child interaction. The Journal of Pediatrics, 202, 157–162.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, J. I. E., You, J., Gan, Y., Zhang, Y., Lu, C., & Wang, H. (2009). Job stress, burnout, depression symptoms, and physical health among Chinese university teachers. Psychological Reports, 105(3_suppl), 1248–1254. doi:10.2466/PR0.105.F.1248-1254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar