A short-term economic evaluation of early insulin therapy compared to oral anti-diabetic drugs in order to reduce the major adverse events in type 2 diabetes patients in Iran

References

• Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(2):88–98. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malek R, Hannat S, Nechadi A, et al. Diabetes and Ramadan: a multicenter study in Algerian population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;150:322–330. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.02.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi YJ, Chung YS. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and bone fragility: special focus on bone imaging. Osteoporos Sarcopenia. 2016;2(1):20–24. doi: 10.1016/j.afos.2016.02.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Picke AK, Campbell G, Napoli N, et al. Update on the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone metabolism and material properties. Endocr Connect. 2019;8(3):R55–r70. doi: 10.1530/EC-18-0456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrillo-Larco RM, Barengo NC, Albitres-Flores L, et al. The risk of mortality among people with type 2 diabetes in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019;35(4):e3139. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3139.
   Google Scholar
• IDF Diabetes Atlas [Internet]. 10th ed. International Diabetes Federation; 2018. Available from: http://www.diabetesatlas.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou B, Lu Y, Hajifathalian K, et al. Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4·4 million participants. Lancet . 2016;387(10027):1513–1530. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, et al. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103(2):137–149. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association AD. The Cost of Diabetes [Internet]. ADA 2023. Available from: https://diabetes.org/about-us/statistics/cost-diabetes.
   Google Scholar
• Marín-Peñalver JJ, Martín-Timón I, Sevillano-Collantes C, et al. Update on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2016;7(17):354–395. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i17.354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American diabetes association and the European association for the study of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(1):140–149. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(2):255–323. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, et al. Consensus statement by the American association of clinical endocrinologists and American college of endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm - 2017 executive summary. Endocr Pract. 2017;23(2):207–238. doi: 10.4158/EP161682.CS.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksson F, Jönsson B. Diabetes: the cost of illness in Sweden. J Intern Med. 1998;244(6):461–468. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1998.00388.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seuring T, Archangelidi O, Suhrcke M. The economic costs of type 2 diabetes: a global systematic review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2015;33(8):811–831. doi: 10.1007/s40273-015-0268-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dcct B. Lifetime benefits and costs of intensive therapy as practiced in the diabetes control and complications trial. Jama. 1996;276:1409–1415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ettaro L, Songer TJ, Zhang P, et al. Cost-of-illness studies in diabetes mellitus. Pharmacoeconomics. 2004;22(3):149–164. doi: 10.2165/00019053-200422030-00002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moucheraud C, Lenz C, Latkovic M, et al. The costs of diabetes treatment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4(1):e001258. Available from: https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/4/1/e001258.full.pdf. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidayat B, Ramadani RV, Rudijanto A, et al. Direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in Indonesia. Value Health Reg Issues. 2022;28:82–89. doi: 10.1016/j.vhri.2021.04.006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hayes AJ, Leal J, Gray AM, et al. UKPDS outcomes model 2: a new version of a model to simulate lifetime health outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using data from the 30 year United Kingdom prospective diabetes study: UKPDS 82. Diabetologia. 2013;56(9):1925–1933. doi: 10.1007/s00125-013-2940-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fakhri M, Abdan M, Ramezanpour M, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis on quality of life in diabetic patients in Iran. Int J Prev Med. 2021;12:41. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_327_19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javanbakht M, Abolhasani F, Mashayekhi A, et al. Health related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iran: a national survey. PLOS One. 2012;7(8):e44526. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng C-N, Wang C-Y, Lin H-W, et al. Clinical outcomes of basal insulin and oral antidiabetic agents as an add-on to dual therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5746. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62646-z.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The World Bank. GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) - Iran, Islamic Rep. [Internet]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?locations=IR.
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank. PPP conversion factor, private consumption (LCU per international $) - Iran, Islamic Rep. [Internet]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PRVT.PP?locations=IR.
   Google Scholar
• Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, et al. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977–986. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman WH, Dasbach EJ, Songer TJ, et al. The cost-effectiveness of intensive therapy for diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1997;26(3):679–695. doi: 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70274-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HAW, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321(7258):405–412. doi: 10.1136/bmj.321.7258.405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke PM, Gray AM, Briggs A, et al. Cost-utility analyses of intensive blood glucose and tight blood pressure control in type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 72). Diabetologia. 2005;48(5):868–877. doi: 10.1007/s00125-005-1717-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352:837–853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet. 1998;352:854–865. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07037-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2545–2559. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2560–2572. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerstein HC, Bosch J, Dagenais GR, et al. Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(4):319–328. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1203858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wake N, Hisashige A, Katayama T, et al. Cost-effectiveness of intensive insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes: a 10-year follow-up of the Kumamoto study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2000;48(3):201–210. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8227(00)00122-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meigs JB, Wilson PW, Fox CS, et al. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and risk of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(8):2906–2912. doi: 10.1210/jc.2006-0594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoen RE, Tangen CM, Kuller LH, et al. Increased blood glucose and insulin, body size, and incident colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91(13):1147–1154. doi: 10.1093/jnci/91.13.1147.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hu FB, Manson JE, Liu S, et al. Prospective study of adult onset diabetes mellitus (type 2) and risk of colorectal cancer in women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91(6):542–547. doi: 10.1093/jnci/91.6.542.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Del Prato S, Bianchi C, Dardano A, et al. Insulin as an early treatment for type 2 diabetes: origin or end of an old question? Diabetes Care. 2013;36 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S198–S204. doi: 10.2337/dcS13-2019.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gray A, Raikou M, McGuire A, et al. Cost effectiveness of an intensive blood glucose control policy in patients with type 2 diabetes: economic analysis alongside randomised controlled trial (UKPDS 41). United Kingdom prospective diabetes study group. BMJ. 2000;320(7246):1373–1378. doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7246.1373.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shafie AA, Ng CH, Thanimalai S, et al. Estimating the utility value of hypoglycaemia according to severity and frequency using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and time trade-off (TTO) survey. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2018;17(2):269–275. doi: 10.1007/s40200-018-0369-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar