Assessing Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge and Cognitive Risk Among a Rural Older Afro-Caribbean Cohort

References

• Alzheimer’s Association. (2023). 2023 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers & Dementia, 19(4), 1598–1695. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aranda, M. P., Kremer, I. N., Hinton, L., Zissimopoulos, J., Whitmer, R. A., Hummel, C. H. … Fabius, C. (2021). Impact of dementia: Health disparities, population trends, care interventions, and economic costs. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 69(7), 1774–1783. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babulal, G. M., Quiroz, Y. T., Albensi, B. C., Arenaza-Urquijo, E., Astell, A. J., Babiloni, C. … O’Bryant, S. E. (2019). Perspectives on ethnic and racial disparities in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: Update and areas of immediate need. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 15(2), 292–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.09.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes, L. L. (2022). Alzheimer disease in African American individuals: Increased incidence or not enough data? Nature Reviews Neurology, 18(1), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-021-00589-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besser, L. (2021). Outdoor green space exposure and brain health measures related to Alzheimer’s disease: A rapid review. British Medical Journal Open, 11(5), e043456. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell, J. T., Ford, C. L., Wallace, S. P., Wang, M. C., & Takahashi, L. M. (2017). Racial and ethnic residential segregation and access to health care in rural areas. Health & Place, 43, 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.11.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cambridge University Press and Assessment. (2023). Afro-Caribbean, defined. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/afro-caribbean
   Google Scholar
• Cao, Q., Tan, C. C., Xu, W., Hu, H., Cao, X. P., Dong, Q. … Yu, J. T. (2020). The prevalence of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 73(3), 1157–1166. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-191092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Disease or condition of the Week: Alzheimer’s disease. https://www.cdc.gov/dotw/alzheimers/index.html#:~:text=It%20is%20the%20fifth%20leading,to%20carry%20out%20daily%20activities
   Google Scholar
• City-Data.com. (2023) . Belle Glade, Florida. Belle Glade-Florida.html.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, M. E., Roessler, M. E., Peng, S., Roth, A. R., Risacher, S. L., Saykin, A. J., & Perry, B. L. (2023, April). Social enrichment on the job: Complex work with people improves episodic memory, promotes brain reserve, and reduces the risk of dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 19(6), 2655–2665. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13035
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crimmins, E. M., Saito, Y., Kim, J. K., Zhang, Y. S., Sasson, I., & Hayward, M. D. (2018). Educational differences in the prevalence of dementia and life expectancy with dementia: Changes from 2000 to 2010. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 73(suppl_1), S20–S28. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx135
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Custodio, N., Wheelock, A., Thumala, D., & Slachevsky, A. (2017). Dementia in Latin America: Epidemiological evidence and implications for public policy. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 9, 221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daccarett, S., Wiese, L. K., & Ángeles Ordóñez, M. L. (2021). Enhancing dementia education and cognitive screening in a Haitian population: A faith-based approach. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 38(2), 103–119. PMID: 33949259; PMCID: PMC8456582. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370016.2021.1887566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel, E. V., Kleiman, M. J., & Galvin, J. E. (2022). Exploring reasons for differential vulnerability and Alzheimer’s disease risk in racial and ethnic minorities. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, Preprint(1), 1–12. I. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-220959
   Google Scholar
• Du, Y., & Xu, Q. (2016). Health disparities and delayed health care among older adults in California: A perspective from race, ethnicity, and immigration. Public Health Nursing, 33(5), 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flesch, R. (1948). A new readability yardstick. Journal of Applied Psychology, 32, 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0057532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galvin, J. E., Chrisphonte, S., & Chang, L. C. (2021). Medical and social determinants of brain health and dementia in a multicultural community cohort of older adults. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 84(4), 1563–1576. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-215020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galvin, J. E., Tolea, M. I., Moore, C., Chrisphonte, S., & Chao, L. (2020). The number symbol coding task: A brief measure of executive function to detect dementia and cognitive impairment. PloS One, 15(11), e0242233. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, M., Downer, B., Chiu, C., Saenz, J., Rote, S., & Wong, R. (2017). Racial/Ethnic and nativity differences in cognitive life expectancies among older adults in the United States. The Gerontologist, 59(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx142
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, M. M., Holliday, D. D., Weinhardt, L. S., Florsheim, P., Ngui, E., & AbuZahra, T. (2022). Barriers and facilitators of health among older adult immigrants in the United States: An integrative review of 20 years of literature. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 755. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13042-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollingshead, A. (1975). Four Factor Index of Social Status. Yale University Department of Psychology.
   Google Scholar
• Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). An application of hierarchical kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers. Biometrics, 33(2), 363–374. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J., Llibre–Guerra, J. J., Harrati, A., Weiss, J., Jiménez‐Velázquez, I. Z., Acosta, D. … Dow, W. H. (2021). Associations between education and dementia in the Caribbean and the United States: An international comparison. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 7(1), e12204. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12204
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lim, U., & Park, S. Y. (2022). Racial and ethnic disparities in Alzheimer’s dementia. Aging, 14(22), 8884–8885. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204421
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Brayne, C., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., Cooper, C., Costafreda, S. G., Dias, A., Fox, N., Gitlin, L. N., Howard, R., Kales, H. C., Kivimäki, M., Larson, E. B., Ogunniyi, A., & Teri, L.… Mukadam, N. (2020). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 396(10248), 413–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, K. A., Xu, W., Gaglioti, A. H., Holt, J. B., Croft, J. B., Mack, D., & McGuire, L. C. (2019). Racial and ethnic estimates of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in the United States (2015–2060) in adults aged≥ 65 years. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 15(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migration Policy Institute. (2022). Caribbean immigrants in the United States. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/caribbean-immigrants-united-states
   Google Scholar
• Mukadam, N., Sommerlad, A., Huntley, J., & Livingston, G. (2019). Population attributable fractions for risk factors for dementia in low-income and middle-income countries: An analysis using cross-sectional survey data. The Lancet Global Health, 7(5), e596-e603. 10.3233/JAD–191092. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30074-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasreddine, V. (2019). Brief Montreal Cognitive Assessment (mini-MoCA). http://www.cric.nu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Mini_MoCA_vs.English-3.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nitrini, R., Barbosa, M. T., Dozzi Brucki, S. M., Yassuda, M. S., & Caramelli, P. (2020). Current trends and challenges on dementia management and research in Latin America. Journal of Global Health, 10(1), 10362. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, M., Barlow, S., Hoe, J., & Aitken, L. (2020). Persistent barriers and facilitators to seeking help for a dementia diagnosis: A systematic review of 30 years of the perspectives of carers and people with dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 32(5), 611–634. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610219002229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan, T., & Selassie, G. (2021). The diversity of older immigrants and precarious aging: Eligibility and access to public benefits. Generations, 45(2), 1–13. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48663629
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasch, G. (1980). Probabilistic model for some intelligence and achievement tests. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, A. R., Perales-Puchalt, J., Moore, T., Weatherspoon, P., Robinson, M., Hill, C. V., & Vidoni, E. D. (2022). Recruitment of Older African Americans in Alzheimer’s disease Clinical Trials Using a community education approach. The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, 9(4), 672–678. https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2022.82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. (2023). Quick facts. Belle Glade City. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/bellegladecityflorida,US/PST045222
   Google Scholar
• Wiese, K. L., Galvin, J. E., & Williams, C. L. (2019). Rural stakeholder perceptions about cognitive screening. Journal of Aging & Mental Health, 23(12), 1616–1628. PMID: 30588841 PMCID: PMC8330816. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1525607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiese, L. K., Williams, C. L., Hain, D., Newman, D., Houston, C. P., Kaack, C., & Galvin, J. E. (2021). Detecting dementia among older, ethnically diverse residents of rural subsidized housing. Geriatric Nursing, 42(2), 524–532. PMID: 33039199 PMCID: PMC8024416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiese, L., Williams, I., Schoenberg, N., Galvin, J., & Lingler, J. (2021). Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic for dementia research: Engaging rural, older, racially and ethnically diverse church attendees in remote recruitment, intervention and assessment. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 7. PMID: 34825019; PMCID: PMC860907. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214211058919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiese, L. K., Williams, C. L., Tappen, R. M., & Newman, D. (2020). An updated measure for investigating basic knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease in underserved rural settings. Aging & Mental Health, 24(8), 1348–1355. PMID: 30869990 PMCID: PMC8474126. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1584880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiese, L. K., Williams, C. L., Tappen, R., Newman, D., & Rosselli, M. (2017). Assessment of basic knowledge about Alzheimer’s disease among older rural residents: A pilot test of a new measure. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 25(3), 519–548. PMID: 29268833. https://doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.25.3.519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, A., Nyenhuis, D., Black, S. E., Law, L. S., Lo, E. S., Kwan, P. W. … Mok, V. (2015). Montreal cognitive assessment 5-minute protocol is a brief, valid, reliable, and feasible cognitive screen for telephone administration. Stroke, 46(4), 1059–1064. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar