The rewards US university students associate with campus dining halls and food choices

References

• Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group, et al . Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982–3021. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025. 9th ed. December 2020. Available at: DietaryGuidelines.gov.
   Google Scholar
• Powell P, Durham M, Lawler S. Food choices of young adults in the United States of America: a scoping review. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(3):479–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahneman D. Thinking, Fast and Slow. London: Allen Lane; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• O’Doherty JP, Cockburn J, Pauli WM. Learning, reward, and decision making. Annu Rev Psychol. 2017;68(1):73–100. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044216.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Osman M. The role of reward in dynamic decision making. Front Neurosci. 2012;6:35–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobal J, Bisogni CA. Constructing food choice decisions. Ann Behav Med. 2009;38(S1):37–46. doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9124-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arias-Carrión O, Stamelou M, Murillo-Rodríguez E, Menéndez-González M, Pöppel E. Dopaminergic reward system: a short integrative review. Int Arch Med. 2010;3:24–24. doi:10.1186/1755-7682-3-24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schultz W. Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward. Annu Rev Psychol. 2006;57(1):87–115. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070229.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berridge KC, O’Doherty JP. From Experienced Utility to Decision Utility. In: Glimcher PW, Fehr E, eds. Neuroeconomics (2nd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press; 2014:335–351.
   Google Scholar
• Wang KS, Smith DV, Delgado MR. Using fMRI to study reward processing in humans: past, present, and future. J Neurophysiol. 2016;115(3):1664–1678. doi:10.1152/jn.00333.2015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recio-Román A, Recio-Menéndez M, Román-González MV. Food reward and food choice: an inquiry through the liking and wanting model. Nutrients 2020;12(3):639. doi:10.3390/nu12030639.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arain M, Haque M, Johal L, et al. Maturation of the adolescent brain. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013;9:449–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AR, Steinberg L, Strang N, Chein J . Age differences in the impact of peers on adolescents’ and adults’ neural response to reward. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2015;11:75–82. doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2014.08.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wichary S, Magnuski M, Oleksy T, Brzezicka A. Neural signatures of rational and heuristic choice strategies: a single trial ERP analysis. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017;11(401):401.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eppinger B, Nystrom LE, Cohen JD. Reduced sensitivity to immediate reward during decision-making in older than younger adults. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36953. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College Health Association. American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment: Spring 2019 Reference Group Executive Summary. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association;2019.
   Google Scholar
• Ha E-J, Caine-Bish N. Effect of nutrition intervention using a general nutrition course for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption among college students. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2009;41(2):103–109. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2008.07.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson M, Story M, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D, Lytle L. Emerging adulthood and college-aged youth: an overlooked age for weight-related behavior change. Obesity (Silver Spring).. 2008;16(10):2205–2211. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christoph MJ, Ellison B. A cross-sectional study of the relationship between nutrition label use and food selection, servings, and consumption in a university dining setting. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017;117(10):1528–1537. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2017.01.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellison B, Savchenko O, Nikolaus CJ, Duff BRL. Every plate counts: evaluation of a food waste reduction campaign in a university dining hall. Resour Conserv Recy. 2019;144:276–284. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.01.046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajbhandari-Thapa J, Ingerson K, Lewis KH. Impact of trayless dining intervention on food choices of university students. Arch Public Health. 2018;76(1):61. doi:10.1186/s13690-018-0301-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cioffi CE, Levitsky DA, Pacanowski CR, Bertz F. A nudge in a healthy direction: the effect of nutrition labels on food purchasing behaviors in university dining facilities. Appetite 2015;92:7–14. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindler-Ruwisch J, Gordon M. Nudging healthy college dining hall choices using behavioral economics. J Am Coll Health. 2021;69(7):697–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The National Association of College & University Food Services. C&U Dining post-COVID. Chicago: The National Association of College & University Food Services; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• University of Maryland. Resident dining plans. 2020. Accessed May 31, 2020. http://dining.umd.edu/anytime-dining/.
   Google Scholar
• University of Maryland. Optional dining plans. 2020. Accessed June 6, 2020. http://dining.umd.edu/optional/.
   Google Scholar
• Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.com. 2021.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Questionnaire. Atlanta: U.S. Centers for Disease Control; 2018:109.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24:386–396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta-Bergman MJ. Primary sources of health information: comparisons in the domain of health attitudes, health cognitions, and health behaviors. Health Commun. 2004;16(3):273–288. doi:10.1207/S15327027HC1603_1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta-Bergman MJ. Psychographic profiling of fruit and vegetable consumption: the role of health orientation. Social Marketing Quarterly. 2005;11(1):19–35. doi:10.1080/15245000590929991.
   Google Scholar
• Keyes CLM. Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly. 1998;61(2):121. doi:10.2307/2787065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asbury J-E. Overview of focus group research. Qual Health Res. 1995;5(4):414–420. doi:10.1177/104973239500500402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liamputtong L. Focus Group Methodology Principles and Practice. London, England: SAGE Publications Ltd; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Onwuegbuzie AJ, Dickinson WB, Leech NL, Zoran AG. A qualitative framework for collecting and analyzing data in focus group research. Int J Qual Methods. 2009;8(3):1–21. doi:10.1177/160940690900800301.
   Google Scholar
• Powell PK, Lawler S, Durham J, Cullerton K. The food choices of US university students during COVID-19. Appetite 2021;161:105130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowell LS, Norris JM, White DE. Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. Int J Qual Methods. 2017;16(1):1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannah DL. BA. Counting in qualitative research: why to conduct it, when to avoid it, and when to closet it. J Manag. 2011;20(1):14–22.
   Google Scholar
• Sogari G, Velez-Argumedo C, Gomez MI, Mora C. College students and eating habits: a study using an ecological model for healthy behavior. Nutrients 2018;10(12):1823. doi:10.3390/nu10121823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanstrom J. Determining how campus food environment influences eating behaviors utilizing focus groups. J Undergrad Res. 2017;15(10):1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Vilaro M, Colby S, Riggsbee K, et al. Food choice priorities change over time and predict dietary intake at the end of the first year of college among students in the U.S. Nutrients 2018;10(9):1243–1296. doi:10.3390/nu10091296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munt AE, Partridge SR, Allman-Farinelli M. The barriers and enablers of healthy eating among young adults: a missing piece of the obesity puzzle: A scoping review. Obes Rev. 2017;18(1):1–17. doi:10.1111/obr.12472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Egg Board. A New Generation to Feed: Zeroing in on Gen Z’s Preferences. Chicago: American Egg Board: American Egg Board; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Technomic. Consumer trend reports: College and university. 2019. Accessed January 24, 2021. https://www.technomic.com/newsroom/students-foodservice-demands-grow-both-campus-technomic-finds-2019-college
   Google Scholar
• Shoup ME. Gen Z will have a “seismic” impact on the food industry, prioritizing convenience and functionality, says the NPD Group. 2019. Accessed January 24, 2021. https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2019/02/25/Gen-Z-will-have-seismic-impact-on-the-food-industry-prioritizing-convenience-and-functionality-says-NPD-Group.
   Google Scholar
• Technomic. 2019 College & University Consumer Trend Report. Technomic: Technomic;2020. Accessed January 24, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Altikulaç S, Bos MGN, Foulkes L, Crone EA, van Hoorn J. Age and gender effects in sensitivity to social rewards in adolescents and young adults. Front Behav Neurosci. 2019;13:171–171. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy G, van Dam RM. Food, culture, and identity in multicultural societies: insights from Singapore. Appetite 2020;149:104633. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobal J, Bisogni CA, Jastran M. Food choice is multifaceted, contextual, dynamic, multilevel, integrated, and diverse: food choice complexity. Mind Brain Educ. 2014;8(1):6–12. doi:10.1111/mbe.12044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Woerden I, Schaefer DR, Hruschka D, Vega-Lopez S, Adams M, Bruening M. Similarity in meal plan use among first-year roommates. Appetite 2020;144:104482. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.104482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollen S, Rimal RN, Ruiter RAC, Kok G. Healthy and unhealthy social norms and food selection. Findings from a field-experiment. Appetite 2013;65:83–89. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.01.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake C, Bisogni CA. Personal and family food choice schemas of rural women in upstate New York. J Nutri Educ Behav. 2003;35(6):282–293. doi:10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60342-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake CE, Bisogni CA, Sobal J, Devine CM, Jastran M. Classifying foods in contexts: how adults categorize foods for different eating settings. Appetite 2007;49(2):500–510. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepherd R, Raats M, eds. The Psychology of Food Choice. Oxfordshire UK: CAB International; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Scheibehenne B, Miesler L, Todd P. Fast and frugal food choices: uncovering individual decision heuristics. Appetite 2007;49(3):578–589. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoy MK, Clemens JC, Martin CL, Moshfegh AJ. Fruit and vegetable consumption of US adults by level of variety, what we eat in America, NHANES 2013–2016. Curr Dev Nutr. 2020;4(3):nzaa014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClements D. Personalized nutrition: customizing your diet for better health. 2019. 233
   Google Scholar
• Higgs S. Cognitive processing of food rewards. Appetite 2016;104:10–17. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.10.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sogari G, Li J, Lefebvre M, et al. The influence of health messages in nudging consumption of whole grain pasta. Nutrients 2019;11(12):2993. doi:10.3390/nu11122993.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gigerenzer G, Hoffrage U, Goldstein DG. Fast and frugal heuristics are plausible models of cognition: reply to Dougherty, Franco-Watkins, and Thomas (2008. ). Psychol Rev. 2008;115(1):230–239. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.115.1.230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez P. Common biases and heuristics in nutritional quality judgments: a qualitative exploration. Int J Consum Stud. 2013;37(2):152–158. doi:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2012.01098.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strack F. Heuristics in Social Cognition. In: Smelser NJ, Baltes PB, eds. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Oxford: Pergamon; 2001:6679–6683.
   Google Scholar
• Thaler R, Sunstein C. Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2008.
   Google Scholar