Remote delivery of a Koru Mindfulness intervention for college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

References

• American College Health Association. National College Health Assessment II: Undergraduate Student Executive Summary. 2019. Available at: https://www.acha.org/NCHA/ACHANCHA_Data/Publications_and_Reports/NCHA/Data/Reports_ACHA-NCHAIIc.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Singleton J, Hale E. Student Mental Health Support at Georgia Tech. 2017. Available at: https://president.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/documents/gt-student-mental-health-report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kabat‐Zinn J. Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Mind to Face Stress, Pain and Illness. New York: Dell; 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga E, et al. Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(3):357–368. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu J, Strauss C, Crane C, et al. Examining the factor structure of the 39-item and 15-item versions of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire before and after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with recurrent depression. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(7):791–802. doi:10.1037/pas0000263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoury B, Sharma M, Rush S, Fournier C. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: a meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2015;78(6):519–528. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberth J, Sedlmeier P, Schwarz M, et al. The psychological effects of meditation: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2012;138(6):1139–1171. doi:10.1037/a0028168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhaeghen P. Presence: How Mindfulness and Meditation Shape Your Brain, Mind, and Life. New York: Oxford University Press; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Burgstahler MS, Stenson MC. Effects of guided mindfulness meditation on anxiety and stress in a pre-healthcare college student population: a pilot study. J Am Coll Health. 2020;68(6):666–661–7. doi:10.1080/07448481.2019.1590371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galante J, Dufour G, Vainre M, et al. A mindfulness-based intervention to increase resilience to stress in university students (the mindful student study): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet Public Health. 2018;3(2):e72–e81. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30231-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greeson JM, Juberg MK, Maytan M, James K, Rogers H. A randomized controlled trial of koru: a mindfulness program for college students and other emerging adults. J Am Coll Health. 2014;62(4):222–233. doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.887571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang YS, Choi SY, Ryu E. The effectiveness of a stress coping program based on mindfulness meditation on the stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by nursing students in korea. Nurse Educ Today. 2009;29(5):538–543. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2008.12.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Driscoll M, Sahm L, Byrne H, Lambert S, Byrne S. Impact of a mindfulness-based intervention on undergraduate pharmacy students stress and distress: quantitative results of a mixed-methods study. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2019;11(9):876–887. doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2019.05.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oman D, Shapiro SL, Thoresen CE, Plante TG, Flinders T. Meditation lowers stress and supports forgiveness among college students: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Health. 2008;56(5):569–578. doi:10.3200/JACH.56.5.569-578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song Y, Lindquist R. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress and mindfulness in Korean nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(1):86–90. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2014.06.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greif TR, Kaufman DAS. Immediate effects of meditation in college students: a pilot study examining the role of baseline attention performance and trait mindfulness. J Am Coll Health. 2021;69(1):38–46. 9. doi:10.1080/07448481.2019.1650052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X. Effect of a mindfulness-based intervention program on comprehensive mental health problems of Chinese undergraduates. Community Ment Health J. 2019;55(7):1179–1185. doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00426-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffitt-Carney KM, Duncan AB. Evaluation of a mindfulness-based mobile application with college students: a pilot study. J Am Coll Health. 2021;69(2):208–214. doi:10.1080/07448481.2019.1661420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regehr C, Glancy D, Pitts A. Interventions to reduce stress in university students: a review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2013;148(1):1–11. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro SL, Schwartz GE, Bonner G. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. J Behav Med. 1998;21(6):581–599. doi:10.1023/A:1018700829825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tubbs JD, Savage JE, Adkins AE, Amstadter AB, Dick DM. Mindfulness moderates the relation between trauma and anxiety symptoms in college students. J Am Coll Health. 2019;67(3):235–245. doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1477782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yüksel A, Yılmaz EB. The effects of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in nursing students: a quasi-experimental study. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;85:104268. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lentz TA, Brown C. Mindfulness and health behaviors in college students: the moderating role of sleep. J Am Coll Health. 2019;67(6):505–514. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1497638 s
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin JW, Mai LJ. Impact of mindfulness meditation intervention on academic performance. Innov Educ Teach Int. 2018;55(3):366–375. doi:10.1080/14703297.2016.1231617.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mrazek MD, Franklin MS, Phillips DT, Baird B, Schooler JW. Mindfulness training improves working memory capacity and GRE performance while reducing mind wandering. Psychol Sci. 2013;24(5):776–781. doi:10.1177/0956797612459659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel NK, Nivethitha L, Mooventhan A. Effect of a yoga based meditation technique on emotional regulation, self-compassion and mindfulness in college students. Explore (NY). 2018;14(6):443–447. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2018.06.008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoyer D, Correia CJ. Relations among motives, negative urgency, and mindfulness skills in college drinkers. Addict Behav. 2020;101:106135. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mermelstein LC, Garske JP. A brief mindfulness intervention for college student binge drinkers: a pilot study. Psychol Addict Behav. 2015;29(2):259–269. doi:10.1037/adb0000040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuai R, Bakou AE, Hardy L, Hogarth L. Ultra-brief breath counting (mindfulness) training promotes recovery from stress-induced alcohol-seeking in student drinkers. Addict Behav. 2020;102:106141. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers H, Maytan M. Mindfulness for the Next Generation: Helping Emerging Adults Manage Stress and Lead Healthier Lives. New York: Oxford University Press; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Weis R, Ray SD, Cohen TA. Mindfulness as a way to cope with COVID‐19‐related stress and anxiety. Couns Psychother Res. 2020;20:1–11. doi:10.1002/capr.12375.
   Google Scholar
• Spijkerman MP, Pots WT, Bohlmeijer ET. Effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions in improving mental health: A review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;45:102–114. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers H. The Mindful Twenty-Something: Life Skills to Handle Stress … and Everything Else. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Baer RA, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment 2006;13(1):27–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stöber J, Bittencourt J. Weekly assessment of worry: an adaptation of the Penn state worry questionnaire for monitoring changes during treatment. Behav Res Ther. 1998;36(6):645–656. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00031-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema S. Responses to Depression Questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; 1991b.
   Google Scholar
• Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988;54(6):1063–1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385–396. doi:10.2307/2136404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF. Manual for the Depression Anxiety & Stress Scales. 2nd ed. Sydney: Psychology Foundation; 1995. doi:10.1080/02699930341000275.
   Google Scholar
• Ryff CD, Keyes CLM. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995;69(4):719–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193–213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho M-H. Preliminary reliability of the five item physical activity questionnaire. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(12):3393–3397. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.3393.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen J. Statistical Power for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Feldman G, Hayes A, Kumar S, Greeson J, Laurenceau J-P. Cognitive and affective mindfulness scale–revised. PsycTESTS Dataset. 2007;29(3):177–190. doi:10.1037/t49653-000.
   Google Scholar
• Borek A, Abraham C, Greaves C, et al. Identifying change processes in group-based health behaviour-change interventions: development of the mechanisms of action in group-based interventions (MAGI) framework. Health Psychol Rev. 2019;13(3):227–247. doi:10.1080/17437199.2019.1625282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cormack D, Jones FW, Maltby M. A “collective effort to make yourself feel better”: the group process in mindfulness-based interventions. Qual Health Res. 2018;28(1):3–15. doi:10.1177/1049732317733448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snippe E, Nyklíček I, Schroevers MJ, Bos EH. The temporal order of change in daily mindfulness and affect during mindfulness-based stress reduction. J Couns Psychol. 2015;62(2):106–114. doi:10.1037/cou0000057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santorelli SF, Meleo-Meyer F, Koerbel L, Kabat-Zinn J. Mindfulness-Based Stress Recution (MBSR): Authorized Curriculum Guide. Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care, and Society (CFM): University of Massachusetts Medical School; 2017
   Google Scholar
• Henry JD, Crawford JR. The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol. 2005;44(Pt 2):227–239. doi:10.1348/014466505x29657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar