Nonmedical use of prescription drugs and biopsychosocial correlates among females who are sex workers in China

References

• Benotsch EG, Koester S, Luckman D, Martin AM, Cejka A. Non-medical use of prescription drugs and sexual risk behavior in young adults. Addict Behav. 2011;36(1–2):152–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental healt Services Administration. The NSDUH Report: nonmedical use of prescription-type drugs, by County Type. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH098/NSDUH098/sr098-UrbanRuralRxMisuse.htm. Accessed February 19, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. The non-medical use of prescription drugs policy direction issues. 2011. https://www.unodc.org/documents/drug-prevention-and-treatment/nonmedical-use-prescription-drugs.pdf. Accessed March 19, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Office on Drugs Crime. World Drug Report 2018 opioid crisis, prescription drug abuse expands; cocaine and opium hit record highs. 2018. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2018/June/world-drug-report-2018_-opioid-crisis–prescription-drug-abuse-expands-cocaine-and-opium-hit-record-highs.html. Accessed March 19, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2019. 2019. www.unodc.org/wdr2019. Accessed March 19, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Guo L, Xu Y, Deng J, et al. Non-medical use of prescription pain relievers among high school students in China: a multilevel analysis. BMJ Open. 2015;5(7):e007569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Q, Yu J, Yang C, et al. Nonmedical use of cough syrup among secondary vocational school students: a national survey in China. Medicine. 2016;95(10):e2969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo L, Lu C. The nonmedical use of alcohol and prescription drugs among adolescents in China: Lan Guo. Eur J Public Health. 2014;24(suppl_2):cku165–082.
   Google Scholar
• Tam CC, Benotsch EG, Wang X, Lin D, Du H, Chi P. Non-medical use of prescription drugs and cultural orientation among college students in China. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;192:271–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hail-Jares K, Choi S, Duo L, Luo Z, Huang ZJ. Occupational and demographic factors associated with drug use among female sex workers at the China-Myanmar border. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;161:42–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang B, Li X, Stanton B, Zhang L, Fang X. Alcohol use, unprotected sex, and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in China. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37(10):629–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matusiewicz AK, Ilgen MA, Bonar EE, Price A, Bohnert ASB. The relationship between non-medical use of prescription opioids and sex work among adults in residential substance use treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2016;64:24–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surratt HL, Inciardi JA, Kurtz SP. Prescription opioid abuse among drug-involved street-based sex workers. J Opioid Manag. 2006;2(5):283–289.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Argento E, Braschel M, Walsh Z, Socias ME, Shannon K. The moderating effect of psychedelics on the prospective relationship between prescription opioid use and suicide risk among marginalized women. J Psychopharmacol. 2018;32(12):1385–1391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Engel GL. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science. 1977;196(4286):129–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsao JCI, Plankey MW, Young MA. Pain, psychological symptoms and prescription drug misuse in HIV: a literature review. J Pain Manag. 2012;5(2):111–111.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jeffery DD, Babeu LA, Nelson LE, Kloc M, Klette K. Prescription drug misuse among US active duty military personnel: a secondary analysis of the 2008 DoD survey of health related behaviors. Mil Med. 2013;178(2):180–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tam CC, Benotsch EG, Weinstein TL. Resilience and psychiatric symptoms as mediators between perceived stress and non-medical use of prescription drugs among college students. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2020;46(1):120–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang B, Dawson DA, Stinson FS, et al. Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of nonmedical prescription drug use and drug use disorders in the United States: Results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(7):1062–1073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segrin C, McNelis M, Pavlich CA. Indirect effects of loneliness on substance use through stress. Health Commun. 2018;33(5):513–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle FM, Dunne MP, Najman JM, et al. Psychological distress among female sex workers. Aust N Z J Public Health. 1997;21(6):643–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandiyan K, Chandrasekhar H, Madhusudhan S. Psychological morbidity among female commercial sex workers with alcohol and drug abuse. Indian J Psychiatry. 2012;54(4):349–349.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyd CJ, McCabe SE, Cranford JA, Young A. Adolescents’ motivations to abuse prescription medications. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):2472–2480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. The PHQ-15: validity of a new measure for evaluating the severity of somatic symptoms. Psychosom Med. 2002;64(2):258–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Fritzsche K, Liu Y, et al. Validation of the Chinese version of the PHQ-15 in a tertiary hospital. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):89–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheung C-K, Bagley C. Validating an American scale in Hong Kong: the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D). J Psychol. 1998;132(2):169–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff LS, The CES. D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1(3):385–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays RD, DiMatteo MR. A short-form measure of loneliness. J Pers Assess. 1987;51(1):69–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu C-h, Yao G. Psychometric analysis of the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) in Taiwanese undergraduate students. Pers Individ Dif. 2008;44(8):1762–1771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu W, Bian Q, Wang W, Wu X, Wang Z, Zhao M. Chinese version of the perceived stress scale-10: a psychometric study in Chinese university students. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0189543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. Perceived stress scale. Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists. 1994;10:1–2.
   Google Scholar
• Boey KW. Cross-validation of a short form of the CES-D in Chinese elderly. Int J Geriat Psychiatry. 1999;14(8):608–617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang F, Wang H, Wang Z, et al. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale in a community sample of Chinese. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBM SPSS Statistics. IBM Corp; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Juan W, Jian-Xiong D, Lan G, et al. Non-medical use of psychoactive drugs in relation to suicide tendencies among Chinese adolescents. Addict Behav. 2015;51:31–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlmutter AS, Bauman M, Mantha S, Segura LE, Ghandour L, Martins SS. Nonmedical prescription drug use among adolescents: global epidemiological evidence for prevention, assessment. Curr Addict Rep. 2018;5(2):120–128.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Upadhyaya HP, Kroutil LA, Deas D, Durell TM, Van Brunt DL, Novak SP. Stimulant formulation and motivation for nonmedical use of prescription attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications in a college-aged population. Am J Addict. 2010;19(6):569–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins SS, Ghandour LA. Nonmedical use of prescription drugs in adolescents and young adults: not just a Western phenomenon. World Psychiatry. 2017;16(1):102–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colliver JD, Kroutil LA, Dai L, Gfroerer JC. Misuse of prescription drugs: Data from the 2002, 2003, and 2004 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies; 2006. (SMA 06-4192).
   Google Scholar
• Drazdowski TK. A systematic review of the motivations for the non-medical use of prescription drugs in young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;162:3–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messina BG, Dutta NM, Silvestri MM, et al. Modeling motivations for non-medical use of prescription drugs. Addict Behav. 2016;52:46–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dall C. Chinese study finds no prescription necessary in many pharmacies. Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2019/10/chinese-study-finds-no-prescription-necessary-many-pharmacies. Accessed February 10, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Dollar CB, Ray B. Adult nonmedical prescription drug use: an examination of bond theory. Deviant Behavior. 2013;34(11):932–949.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arria AM, Wilcox HC, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Garnier-Dykstra LM, O'Grady KE. Dispelling the myth of “smart drugs”: Cannabis and alcohol use problems predict nonmedical use of prescription stimulants for studying. Addict Behav. 2013;38(3):1643–1650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howland J, Rohsenow DJ, Allensworth‐Davies D, et al. The incidence and severity of hangover the morning after moderate alcohol intoxication. Addiction. 2008;103(5):758–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett AS, Watford JA, Elliott L, Wolfson-Stofko B, Guarino H. Military veterans’ overdose risk behavior: demographic and biopsychosocial influences. Addict Behav. 2019;99:106036–106036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong Y, Fang X, Li X, Liu Y, Li M, Tai-Seale T. Self-perceived stigma, depressive symptoms, and suicidal behaviors among female sex workers in China. J Transcult Nurs. 2010;21(1):29–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong Y, Zhang C, Li X, Liu W, Zhou Y. Partner violence and psychosocial distress among female sex workers in China. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e62290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams JR, Cole V, Girdler S, Cromeens MG. Exploring stress, cognitive, and affective mechanisms of the relationship between interpersonal trauma and opioid misuse. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0233185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson LE. Mindfulness-based interventions for physical conditions: a narrative review evaluating levels of evidence. Int Schol Res Notices. 2012;2012:1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Peduzzi P, Concato J, Kemper E, Holford TR, Feinstein AR. A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49(12):1373–1379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler SF, Budman SH, Fernandez KC, et al. Development and validation of the current opioid misuse measure. Pain. 2007;130(1–2):144–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar