Patient perspectives of barriers to naloxone obtainment and use in a primary care, underserved setting: A qualitative study

References

• Wilson N, Kariisa M, Seth P, Smith TH, Davis NL. Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths - United States, 2017–2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(11):290–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Price TE. Secretary Price Announces HHS Strategy for Fighting Opioid Crisis. 2017. https://www.hhs.gov/about/leadership/secretary/speeches/2017-speeches/secretary-price-announces-hhs-strategy-for-fighting-opioid-crisis/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler E, Jones TS, Gilbert MK, Davidson PJ. Opioid overdose prevention programs providing naloxone to laypersons —United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(23):631–635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walley AY, Xuan Z, Hackman HH, et al. Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:f174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird SM, McAuley A, Perry S, Hunter C. Effectiveness of Scotland’s National Naloxone Programme for reducing opioid‐related deaths: a before (2006–10) versus after (2011–13) comparison. Addiction. 2016;111(5):883–891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chimbar L, Moleta Y. Naloxone effectiveness: a systematic review. UJAN. 2018;29(3):167–171.
   Google Scholar
• McDonald R, Strang J. Are take‐home naloxone programmes effective? Systematic review utilizing application of the Bradford Hill criteria. Addiction. 2016;111(7):1177–1187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffin PO, Sullivan SD. Cost-effectiveness of distributing naloxone to heroin users for lay overdose reversal. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(1):1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholl L, Seth P, Kariisa M, Wilson N, Baldwin G. Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths — United States, 2013–2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;67(51 & 52):1419–1427.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han B, Compton WM, Blanco C, Crane E, Lee J, Jones CM. Prescription opioid use, misuse, and use disorders in U.S. Adults: 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(5):293–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Facing addiction in America: the surgeon general’s report on alcohol, drugs, and health. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Mueller SR, Koester S, Glanz JM, Gardner EM, Binswanger IA. Attitudes toward naloxone prescribing in clinical settings: a qualitative study of patients prescribed high dose opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32(3):277–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behar E, Rowe C, Santos G-M, Murphy S, Coffin PO. Primary care patient experience with naloxone prescription. Ann Fam Med. 2016;14(5):431–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Francisco Department of Pulic Health. Opioid safety and how to use naloxone: a guide for patients and caregivers. https://www.pharmacy.ca.gov/publications/naloxone_fact_sheet.pdf. Updated 2016. Accessed September 11, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. CDC compilation of benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, stimulants, zolpidem, and opioid analgesics with oral morphine milligram equivalent conversion factors, 2018 version. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/resources/data.html. Accessed September 11, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Hsieh H-F, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res. 2005;15(9):1277–1288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neale J. Iterative categorization (IC): a systematic technique for analysing qualitative data. Addiction. 2016;111(6):1096–1106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders B, Sim J, Kingstone T, et al. Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Qual Quant. 2018;52(4):1893–1907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, Reed DA, Cook DA. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Academic Medicine. 2014;89(9):1245–1251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Calculating Total Daily Dose of Opioids for Safer Dosage. 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdf/calculating_total_daily_dose-a.pdf
   Google Scholar
• HHS. Naloxone: The Opioid Reversal Drug that Saves Lives. 2018. https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/sites/default/files/2018-12/naloxone-coprescribing-guidance.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hersh L, Salzman B, Snyderman D. Health literacy in primary care practice. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(2):118–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binswanger IA, Koester S, Mueller SR, Gardner EM, Goddard K, Glanz JM. Overdose education and naloxone for patients prescribed opioids in primary care: a qualitative study of primary care staff. J GEN INTERN Med. 2015;30(12):1837–1844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuevas AG, O’Brien K. Racial centrality may be linked to mistrust in healthcare institutions for African Americans. J Health Psychol. 2019;24(14):2022–2030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han JK, Hill LG, Koenig ME, Das N. Naloxone counseling for harm reduction and patient engagement. Fam Med. 2017;49(9):730–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behar E, Rowe C, Santos G-M, Santos N, Coffin PO. Academic detailing pilot for naloxone prescribing among primary care providers in San Francisco. Family Medicine. 2017;49(2):122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson JD, Spicyn N, Matson P, Alvanzo A, Feldman L. Internal medicine resident knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to naloxone prescription in hospital and clinic settings. Subst Abus. 2016;37(3):480–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeda MY, Katzman JG, Dole E, et al. Co-prescription of naloxone as a Universal Precautions model for patients on chronic opioid therapy-Observational study. Subst Abus. 2016;37(4):591–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffin PO, Behar E, Rowe C, et al. Nonrandomized intervention study of naloxone coprescription for primary care patients receiving long-term opioid therapy for pain. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165(4):245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzman JG, Takeda MY, Bhatt SR, Moya Balasch M, Greenberg N, Yonas H. An innovative model for naloxone use within an OTP setting: a prospective cohort study. J Addict Med. 2018;12(2):113–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matheson C, Pflanz-Sinclair C, Aucott L, et al. Reducing drug related deaths: a pre-implementation assessment of knowledge, barriers and enablers for naloxone distribution through general practice. BMC Fam Pract. 2014;15(1):12. Published 2014 Jan 15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donovan E, Case P, Bratberg JP, et al. Beliefs associated with pharmacy-based naloxone: a qualitative study of pharmacy-based naloxone purchasers and people at risk for opioid overdose. J Urban Health. 2019;96(3):367–378. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-019-00349-1
   Google Scholar
• Oliva EM, Nevedal A, Lewis ET, et al. Patient perspectives on an opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution program in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Substance Abuse. 2016;37(1):118–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatewood AK, Van Wert MJ, Andrada AP, Surkan PJ. Academic physicians’ and medical students’ perceived barriers toward bystander administered naloxone as an overdose prevention strategy. Addict Behav. 2016;61:40–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green TC, Case P, Fiske H, et al. Perpetuating stigma or reducing risk? Perspectives from naloxone consumers and pharmacists on pharmacy-based naloxone in 2 states. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2017;57(2S):S19–S27.e14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansen H, Netherland J. Is the prescription opioid epidemic a white problem? Am J Public Health. 2016;106(12):2127–2129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behar E, Bagnulo R, Coffin PO. Acceptability and feasibility of naloxone prescribing in primary care settings: a systematic review. Prev Med. 2018;114:79–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiffany E, Wilder CM, Miller SC, Winhusen T. Knowledge of and interest in opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution among US veterans on chronic opioids for addiction or pain. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. 2016;23(4):322–327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilder CM, Miller SC, Tiffany E, Theresa W, Winstanley EL, Stein MD. Risk factors for opioid overdose and awareness of overdose risk among veterans prescribed chronic opioids for addiction or pain. Journal of Addictive Diseases. 2016;35(1):42–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QuickFacts United States. United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045218.
   Google Scholar