Study protocol for the Respond to Prevent Study: a multi-state randomized controlled trial to improve provision of naloxone, buprenorphine and nonprescription syringes in community pharmacies

References

• Green TC, Dauria EF, Bratberg J, Davis CS, Walley AY. Orienting patients to greater opioid safety: models of community pharmacy-based naloxone. Harm Reduct J. 2015;12:25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. SAMHSA Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 18-4742. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2018. https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma18-4742.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Committee on Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Medications for Opioid Use Disorder save Lives. (Leshner AI, Mancher M, eds.). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Kazerouni NJ, Irwin AN, Levander XA, et al. Pharmacy-related buprenorphine access barriers: an audit of pharmacies in counties with a high opioid overdose burden. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;224:108729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green TC, Stopka T, Xuan Z, et al. Examining nonprescription syringe sales in Massachusetts and Rhode Island community pharmacies. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2021;61(4):e237–e241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stopka TJ, Donahue A, Hutcheson M, Green TC. Nonprescription naloxone and syringe sales in the midst of opioid overdose and hepatitis C virus epidemics: Massachusetts, 2015. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2017;57(2S):S34–S44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uebbing E, Lacroix M, Bratberg J, Federico C. Pharmacists’ response during a pandemic: a survey on readiness to test during COVID-19. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2021;61(2):e80–e84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strand MA, Bratberg J, Eukel H, Hardy M, Williams C. Community pharmacists’ contributions to disease management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prev Chronic Dis. 2020;17:8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman A, Davis C. Harm Reduction Laws in the United States. Network for Public Health Law. https://www.networkforphl.org/resources/harm-reduction-laws-in-the-united-states/. Accessed June 15, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Ventricelli DJ, Mathis SM, Foster KN, Pack RP, Tudiver F, Hagemeier NE. Communication experiences of DATA-waivered physicians with community pharmacists: a qualitative study. Subst Use Misuse. 2020;55(3):349–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyerson BE, Lawrence CA, Cope SD, et al. I could take the judgment if you could just provide the service: non-prescription syringe purchase experience at Arizona pharmacies, 2018. Harm Reduct J. 2019;16(1):57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shedd M, Bozhkova A, Kalich BA, Wilkening GL. Evaluation of Bexar County community pharmacist attitudes toward harm reduction. Ment Health Clin. 2019;9(6):383–391.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muzyk A, Smothers ZPW, Collins K, MacEachern M, Wu L-T. Pharmacists’ attitudes toward dispensing naloxone and medications for opioid use disorder: A scoping review of the literature. Subst Abus. 2019;40(4):476–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiarello E. Nonprescription syringe sales: resistant pharmacists’ attitudes and practices. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;166:45–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollini RA, Paquette CE, Slocum S, LeMire D. It’s just basically a box full of disease’—navigating sterile syringe scarcity in a rural New England state. Addiction. 2021;116(1):107–115. June add.15113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollini RA, Joyce R, Ozga-Hess JE, Xuan Z, Green TC, Walley AY. Assessing pharmacy-based naloxone access using an innovative purchase trial methodology. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2020;60(6):853–860.
   Google Scholar
• Syvertsen JL, Pollini RA. Syringe access and health harms: characterizing “landscapes of antagonism” in California’s Central Valley. Int J Drug Policy. 2020;75:102594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werremeyer A, Mosher S, Eukel H, et al. Pharmacists’ stigma toward patients engaged in opioid misuse: when “social distance” does not mean disease prevention. Subst Abuse. 2021;0(0):1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Ibragimov U, Cooper HL, Haardörfer R, Dunkle KL, Zule WA, Wong FY. Stigmatization of people who inject drugs (PWID) by pharmacists in Tajikistan: sociocultural context and implications for a pharmacy-based prevention approach. Harm Reduct J. 2017;14(1):64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hill LG, Loera LJ, Evoy KE, et al. Availability of buprenorphine/naloxone films and naloxone nasal spray in community pharmacies in Texas, USA. Addiction. 2021;116(6):1505–1511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas B, Marotta PL, Goddard-Eckrich D, et al. Socio-ecological and pharmacy-level factors associated with naloxone stocking at standing-order naloxone pharmacies in New York City. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;218:108388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen JL, Gilbert LR, Beasley L, et al. Availability of naloxone at rural Georgia pharmacies, 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(2):e1921227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lozo KW, Nelson LS, Ramdin C, Calello DP. Naloxone deserts in NJ cities: sociodemographic factors which may impact retail pharmacy naloxone availability. J Med Toxicol. 2019;15(2):108–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guadamuz JS, Alexander GC, Chaudhri T, Trotzky-Sirr R, Qato DM. Availability and cost of naloxone nasal spray at pharmacies in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2017. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(6):e195388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darracq MA, Lee J, Wilson T, Lasoff D, Armenian P. Pharmacist dispensed naloxone: knowledge, availability, participation and cost in selected California counties. Int J Drug Policy. 2019;71:113–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin AN, Novak K, Alley L, et al. Impact of the RESPOND Toolkit on community pharmacists’ opioid safety attitudes, self-efficacy, and knowledge. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2020;60(3):450–455.e3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan E, Case P, Bratberg JP, et al. Beliefs associated with pharmacy-based naloxone: a qualitative study of pharmacy-based naloxone purchasers and people at risk for opioid overdose. J Urban Health. 2019;96(3):367–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green TC, Case P, Fiske H, et al. Perpetuating stigma or reducing risk? Perspectives from naloxone consumers and pharmacists on pharmacy-based naloxone in 2 states. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2017;57(2S):S19–S27.e4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burstein D, Baird J, Bratberg J, et al. Pharmacist attitudes toward pharmacy-based naloxone, a cross-sectional survey study. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2020;60(2):304–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green TC, Donovan E, Klug B, et al. Revisiting pharmacy-based naloxone with pharmacists and naloxone consumers in 2 states: 2017 perspectives and evolving approaches. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2020;60(5):740–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bach P, Hartung D. Leveraging the role of community pharmacists in the prevention, surveillance, and treatment of opioid use disorders. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2019;14(1):30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartung DM, Hall J, Haverly SN, et al. Pharmacists’ role in opioid safety: a focus group investigation. Pain Med. 2018;19(9):1799–1806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandeis University. Intervention to increase naloxone engagement and distribution in community pharmacies: a four-state randomized trial. clinicaltrials.gov; 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03545321. Accessed June 6, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Kurian S, Baloy B, Baird J, et al. Attitudes and perceptions of naloxone dispensing among a sample of Massachusetts community pharmacy technicians. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2019;59(6):824–831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar