“The idea is to help people achieve greater success and liberty”: A qualitative study of expanded methadone take-home access in opioid use disorder treatment

References

• Baldwin GT, Seth P, Noonan RK. Continued increases in overdose deaths related to synthetic opioids: implications for clinical practice. JAMA 2021;325(12):1147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson J. Drug overdose deaths head toward record number in 2020, CDC warns. JAMA Health Forum. 2020;1(10):e201318.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bruneau J, Ahamad K, Goyer M-È, CIHR Canadian Research Initiative in Substance Misuse, et al. Management of opioid use disorders: a national clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2018;190(9):E247–E257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction: A Treatment Improvement Protocol. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Opioid treatment program (OTP) guidance. https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/otp-guidance-20200316.pdf Published online March 16, 2020. Accessed January 5, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. FAQs: provision of methadone and buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder in the COVID-19 emergency; 2020. https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/faqs-for-oud-prescribing-and-dispensing.pdf
   Google Scholar
• McBournie A, Duncan A, Connolly E, Rising J. Methadone barriers persist, despite decades of evidence. Health Affairs Blog. https://doi.org/10.1377/forefront.20190920.981503. Published September 23, 2019. Accessed January 5, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Samet JH, Botticelli M, Bharel M. Methadone in primary care – one small step for congress, one giant leap for addiction treatment. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(1):7–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green TC, Bratberg J, Finnell DS. Opioid use disorder and the COVID 19 pandemic: a call to sustain regulatory easements and further expand access to treatment. Subst Abus. 2020;41(2):147–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston NA, Ameral V, Banducci AN, Weisberg RB. Unprecedented need and recommendations for harnessing data to guide future policy and practice for opioid use disorder treatment following COVID-19. J Subst Abuse Treat. 122:108222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin H, Marshall BDL, Degenhardt L, et al. Global opioid agonist treatment: a review of clinical practices by country. Addiction. 2020;115(12):2243–2254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrill JO. Policy progress for physician treatment of opiate addiction. J Gen Intern Med. 2002;17(5):361–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolan S, Hayashi K, Milloy M-J, et al. The impact of low-threshold methadone maintenance treatment on mortality in a Canadian setting. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;156:57–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joudrey PJ, Bart G, Brooner RK, et al. Research priorities for expanding access to methadone treatment for opioid use disorder in the United States: A National Institute on Drug Abuse Center for Clinical Trials Network Task Force report. Subst Abus. 2021;42(3):245–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbin J, Strauss A. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory, 3rd ed., Sage Publications, Inc; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Medications for opioid use disorder save lives. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Volkow ND, Frieden TR, Hyde PS, Cha SS. Medication-assisted therapies-tackling the opioid-overdose epidemic. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(22):2063–2066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall W. The Demand for Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Australia. New South Wales University, Australia: National Drug and Alcohol Research Center; 1995. Technical Report No. 28.
   Google Scholar
• Weinrich M, Stuart M. Provision of methadone treatment in primary care medical practices: review of the Scottish experience and implications for US policy. JAMA 2000;283(10):1343–1348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEachern J, Adye-White L, Priest KC, et al. Lacking evidence for the association between frequent urine drug screening and health outcomes of persons on opioid agonist therapy. Int J Drug Policy. 2019;64:30–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank D. A chance to do it better: methadone maintenance treatment in the age of Covid-19. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021;123:108246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granerud A, Toft H. Opioid dependency rehabilitation with the opioid maintenance treatment programme – a qualitative study from the clients' perspective. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2015;10(1):35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeldman A, Ryan RM, Fiscella K. Motivation, autonomy support, and entity beliefs: their role in methadone maintenance treatment. J Social Clin Psychol. 2004;23(5):675–696.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger M. San Francisco low COVID-19 death rate: what other cities can learn. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health-news/san-francisco-has-the-lowest-covid-19-death-rate-what-other-cities-can-learn. Published October 1, 2020. Accessed February 15, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Becker SJ, Garner BR, Hartzler BJ. Is necessity also the mother of implementation? COVID-19 and the implementation of evidence-based treatments for opioid use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021;122:108210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph G, Torres-Lockhart K, Stein MR, Mund PA, Nahvi S. Reimagining patient-centered care in opioid treatment programs: Lessons from the Bronx during COVID-19. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021;122:108219.
   Google Scholar
• Peavy KM, Darnton J, Grekin P, et al. Rapid implementation of service delivery changes to mitigate COVID-19 and maintain access to methadone among persons with and at high-risk for HIV in an opioid treatment program. AIDS Behav. 2020;24(9):2469–2472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter SB, Dopp AR, Ober AJ, Uscher-Pines L. Uscher-Pines L. Clinician perspectives on methadone service delivery and the use of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021;124:108288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figgatt MC, Salazar Z, Day E, Vincent L, Dasgupta N. Take-home dosing experiences among persons receiving methadone maintenance treatment during COVID-19. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021;123:108276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knopf A. Extended methadone take-homes during COVID: nothing but success. Addiction Treatment Forum. https://atforum.com/2020/07/extended-methadone-take-homes-during-covid-nothing-but-success/. Published July 8, 2020. Accessed May 20, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Trujols J, Larrabeiti A, Sànchez O, Madrid M, De Andrés S, Duran-Sindreu S. Increased flexibility in methadone take-home scheduling during the COVID-19 pandemic: should this practice be incorporated into routine clinical care? J Subst Abuse Treat. 2020;119:108154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amram O, Amiri S, Thorn EL, Lutz R, Joudrey PJ. Changes in methadone take-home dosing before and after COVID-19. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2022;133:108552.
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Federal Guidelines for Opioid Treatment Programs. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2015. p. 82.
   Google Scholar
• Proctor SL, Copeland AL, Kopak AM, Hoffmann NG, Herschman PL, Polukhina N. Predictors of patient retention in methadone maintenance treatment. – PsycNET. Psychol Addict Behav. 2015;29(4):906–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roux P, Lions C, Vilotitch A, Michel L, Mora M, Maradan G, Marcellin F, ANRS Methaville study group. Correlates of cocaine use during methadone treatment: implications for screening and clinical management (ANRS Methaville study). Harm Reduct J. 2016;13(1):12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McNeil R, Puri N, Boyd J, Mayer S, Hayashi K, Small W. Understanding concurrent stimulant use among people on methadone: a qualitative study. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2020;39(3):209–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendoza S, Rivera AS, Hansen HB. Re-racialization of addiction and the redistribution of blame in the white opioid epidemic. Med Anthropol Q. 2019;33(2):242–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay AK, Harris AHS, Timko C, Yu M, Smelson D, Stimmel M, Binswanger IA. Disparities in Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in the Veterans Health Administration. J Addict Med. 2021;15(2):143–149.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen H, Siegel C, Wanderling J, DiRocco D. Buprenorphine and methadone treatment for opioid dependence by income, ethnicity and race of neighborhoods in New York City. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;164:14–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagisetty PA, Ross R, Bohnert A, Clay M, Maust DT. Buprenorphine treatment divide by race/ethnicity and payment. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(9):979–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luna E Drug exceptionalism. Villanova Law Review 2002;47:753–807.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nunes EV, Levin FR, Reilly MP, El-Bassel N. Medication treatment for opioid use disorder in the age of COVID-19: can new regulations modify the opioid cascade? J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021;122:108196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar