Publication Cover
Historical Biology
An International Journal of Paleobiology
Volume 36, 2024 - Issue 4
181
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Early–Middle Jurassic brachiopods from Ponor Mountain, Western Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria; taxonomy, biostratigraphy and occurrence in the context of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event

, , &
Pages 829-856 | Received 27 Nov 2022, Accepted 10 Mar 2023, Published online: 02 May 2023

References

  • Ager DV. 1962. A monograph of the british liassic rhynchonellidæ. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society. 116(498):85–136. doi:10.1080/25761900.2022.12131687.
  • Ager DV. 1990. British Liassic Terebratulida. Part I. Monogr Palaeontogr Soc London. 583:1–39.
  • Alméras Y. 1964. Brachiopodes du Lias et du Dogger. Essai bibliographique et critique de Paléontologie stratigraphique. Doc Lab Géol Fac Sci Lyon. 5:161.
  • Alméras Y. 1996a. The genus Pseudogibbirhynchia (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellacea) from the toarcian of Portugal. Copper P, Jin J editors Brachiopods. Proceedings of the Third lnternational Brachiopod Congress, Sudbury/Ontario/Canada/2‒5. Sept 1995 Rotterdam: AA Balkema, 7‒12.
  • Alméras Y. 1996b. Les brachiopodes toarciens et aaléniens inférieurs du Bassin du Rhône. Paléontologie et biostratigraphie. Révision de la collection Dumortier et compléments. Doc Lab Géol Fac Sci Lyon. 138:123.
  • Alméras Y, Cougnon M. 2013. Les brachiopodes jurassiques (Spiriferida et Rhynchonellida). Principaux genres et leur évolution. Doc Lab Géol Fac Sci Lyon. 170:227.
  • Alméras Y, Elmi S. 1998. Les Brachiopodes jurassiques de la Bordure vivaro-cévenole (Bassin du Sud-est. France). Strata, sér. 2(29):145.
  • Alméras Y, Fauré P. 2000. Les Brachiopodes liasiques des Pyrénées. Paléontologie, biostratigraphie et paléoenvironnements. Strata, sér. 2.(36):1–395.
  • Alméras Y, Fauré P. 2007. Lobothyris sinemuriensis (Oppel) et faune de brachiopodes associée (Sinémurien, France). Evolution du genre Lobothyris Buckman (Brachiopodes, Térébratulidés). Rev Paléobiol. 26(1):335–358.
  • Alméras Y, Fauré P. 2013. Brachiopodes du Lias et de l’Aalénien du Quercy (France). Paléontologie, biostratigraphie et paléoenvironnements. Échelles chronostratigraphique. Strata, série. 2(47):105.
  • Alméras Y, Moulan G. 1982. Les Térébratulidés liasique de Provence (Paléontologie–Biostratigraphie–Paléoécologie–Phylogénie). Doc Lab Géol Fac Sci Lyon. 86:365.
  • Alméras Y, Moulan G. 1988. Les Térébratulidés du Dogger provençal (Paléontologie, biostratigraphie, phylogénie, paléoécologie). Doc Lab Géol Fac Sci Lyon. 101:277.
  • Alméras Y, Peybernès G. 1979. Les Brachiopodes du Dogger des Pyrénées Navarro-Languedociennes. Doc Lab Géol Fac Sci Lyon. 76:23–133.
  • Alméras Y, Mouterde R, Benest M, Elmi S, Bassoullet J-P. 1996. Les brachiopodes Toarciens de la rampe Carbonaté de Tomar (Portugal). Doc Lab Géol Fac Sci Lyon. 138:125–191.
  • Alméras Y, Combémorel R, Elmi S, Rulleau L, Tintant H. 1998. Révision critique des Céphalopodes et des Brachiopodes décrits dans le tome IV (Toarcien, Aalénien) des ‘Études paléontologiques des dépôts jurassiques du bassin du Rhône’, par Eugène Dumortier (1874). Mém Mus Hist Nat Lyon. 2:208.
  • Alméras Y, Elmi S, Fauré P. 2007. Les brachiopodes liasiques d’Algérie occidentale. Doc Lab Géol Fac Sci Lyon. 163:241.
  • Alméras Y, Bécaud M, Cougnon M. 2010a. Brachiopodes liasiques de la Bordure sud du Massif Armoricain (Vendée, Deux-Sèvres, France): paléontologie et chronostratigraphie. Bull Soc Sci Nat Ouest France, Nantes, Hs. 1:131.
  • Alméras Y, Cougnon M, Bécaud M. 2010b. Les Brachiopodes liasiques de la Bordure sud du Massif Armoricain: succession des peuplements et environnements; chronostratigraphie. Rev Paléobiol. 29(2):319–339.
  • Alméras Y, Cougnon M, Fauré P. 2014. Les brachiopodes jurassiques (Terebratulidina). Principaux genres et leur évolution. Les espèces. extensions verticales et répartitions géographiques. Strata, sér. 2(49):199.
  • Andrade B. 2006. Los braquiópodos del tránsito Jurásico Inferior-Jurásico Medio de la Cuenca Lusitánica (Portugal). Coloq Paleont. 56:5–194.
  • Andrade B, Duarte LV, García Joral F, Goy A, Henriques MH. 2016. Palaeobiogeographic patterns of the brachiopod assemblages of the Iberian Subplate during the late toarcian–early aalenian (Jurassic). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 442:12–22. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.10.053.
  • Baeza-Carratalá JF, García Joral F. 2020. Linking Western Tethyan rhynchonellide morphogroups to the key post-Palaeozoic extinction and turnover events. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol. 553:109791. doi:10.1016/jpalaeo.2020.109791.
  • Baeza-Carratalá JF, García Joral F, Tent-Manclús JE. 2016. Lower Jurassic brachiopods from the ibero-levantine sector (Iberian Range): faunal turnovers and critical bioevents. J Iberian Geol. 42(3):355–369.
  • Baeza-Carratalá JF, Reolid M, García Joral F. 2017. New deep-water brachiopod resilient assemblage from the South‒Iberian Palaeomargin (Western Tethys) and its significance for the brachiopod adaptive strategies around the Early Toarcian Mass Extinction Event. Bull Geosci. 92:233–256. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1631
  • Baeza-Carratalá JF, Reolid M, Giannetti A, Benavente D, Cuevas-González J. 2021. Coupling of trace elements in brachiopod shells and biotic signals from the Lower Jurassic south‒iberian palaeomargin (SE Spain): implications for the environmental perturbations around the early Toarcian Mass Extinction Event. Estud Geol. 77(2):1–43. doi:10.3989/egeol.44385.604.
  • Baeza-Carratalá JF, Sepehriannasab B. 2014. Early Jurassic (latest Toarcian) brachiopods from the northeastern margin of the Western Tethys (Central Iran) and their palaeobiogeographical significance. Géobios. 47:3–17. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2013.12.002.
  • Bailey TR, Rosenthal Y, McArthur JM, van de Schootbrugge B, Thirlwall MF. 2003. Paleoceanographic changes of the Late Pliensbachian–Early Toarcian interval: a possible link to the genesis of an oceanic anoxic event. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 212(3–4):307–320. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00278-4.
  • Barron AJM, Sumbler MG, Morigi AN. 1997. A revised lithostratigraphy for the inferior oolite group (Middle Jurassic) of the Cotswolds, England. Proc Geol Assoc. 108(4):269–285. doi:10.1016/S0016-7878(97)80012-0.
  • Buckman SS. 1918. The Brachiopoda of the Namyau Beds, Northern Shan States, Burma. Mem Geol Surv India, Palaeont Indica (New Ser). 3:299.
  • Calzada S. 1983. Sobre 3 variedades de Sphaeroidothyris jauberti (Deslongchamps) (Braquiópodo des Lias español). Trab Mus geol Semin Barcelona. 206:15.
  • Caruthers AH, Smith PL, Gröcke DR. 2013. The Pliensbachian–Toarcian (Early Jurassic) extinction, a global multi-phased event. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol. 386:104–118. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.05.010.
  • Caswell BA, Coe AL, Cohen AS. 2009. New range data for marine invertebrate species across the early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) mass extinction. J Geol Soc London. 166(5):859–872. doi:10.1144/0016-76492008-0831.
  • Choffat P. 1947. Description da la faune jurassique du Portugal. Brachiopodes: Lisboa. Serv Geol Portugal; 46 pp.
  • Comas-Rengifo MJ, Goy A. 1975. Estratigrafia y Paleontologia del Jurasico de Ribarredonda (Guadalajara). Estud Geol. 31(3–4):297–339.
  • Comas-Rengifo MJ, Duarte LV, García Joral F, Goy A. 2013. Los braquiópodos del Toarciense Inferior (Jurásico) en el área de Rabaçal-Condeixa (Portugal): distribución estratigráfica y paleobiogeografía. Comunic Geol. 100(1):37‒42.
  • Cooper GA. 1959. Genera of Tertiary and recent rhynchonelloid brachiopods. Smithson Misc Collect. 139(5):90.
  • Croft WN. 1959. A parallel grinding instrument for the investigation of fossils by serial sections. J Paleont. 24:693–698.
  • Dabovski C, Boyanov I, Khrischev K, Nikolov T, Sapunov I, Yanev Y, Zagorchev I. 2002. Structure and Alpine evolution of Bulgaria. Geol Balcanica. 32(2–4):9–15. doi:10.52321/GeolBalc.32.2-4.9.
  • Davidson T. 1852. British Fossil brachiopoda, The Oolitic and Liassic Species. Part 3. Monogr Palaeontogr Soc London. 6. 65–100.
  • Davidson T. 1878. A monograph of the British Fossil Brachiopoda. Vol. IV. Part II. No. 2. Supplement to the Jurassic and Triassic. Monogr Palaeontogr Soc London. 32(146):145–241. doi:10.1080/02693445.1878.12027949.
  • Davidson T. 1884. A monograph of the British Fossil Brachiopoda. Vol. V. Part III. Appendix to Supplement, General Summary, with Catalogue and Index of the British Species. with title-page to vol. v and directions to the binder. Monogr Palaeontogr Soci. 38(183):243–476. doi:10.1080/02693445.1884.12027986.
  • Dera G, Brigaud B, Monna F, Laffont R, Pucéat E, Deconinck J-F, Pellenard P, Joachimski MM, Durlet C. 2011. Climatic ups and downs in a disturbed Jurassic world. Geology. 39(3):215–218. doi:10.1130/G31579.1.
  • Dera G, Pucéat E, Pellenard P, Neige P, Delsate D, Joachimski MM, Reisberg L, Martinez M. 2009. Water mass exchange and variations in seawater temperature in the NW Tethys during the Early Jurassic: evidence from neodymium and oxygen isotopes of fish teeth and belemnites. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 286(1–2):198–207. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.027.
  • Deslongchamps EE. 1863. Études critiques sur des Brachiopodes nouveaux ou peu connus. Article 7: Brachiopodes recueillis par M. De Verneuil dans le Lias de l’Espagne. Bull Soc Linnéenne Normandie, 3ème sér. 8:263–275.
  • Deslongchamps EE. 1871. 1862–1885 Paléontologie français. Terrains jurassiques. 6: Brachiopodes Paris: Masson éd, 448 pp.
  • d’Orbigny A. 1847. Paléontologie Française. Description des Mollusques et Rayonnés fossiles. Terrains Crétacés. Brachiopodes. Paris: Victor Masson éd. Vol. 4; p. 390 pp.
  • Dubar G. 1931. Brachiopodes liasiques de Catalogne et des régions voisines. Bull Inst catalana Hist nat, ser 2. 31(4):103–180.
  • Dulai A. 2003. A Dunántúli-középhegység hettangi és kora szinemuri (kora-jura) brachiopoda faunája. Rendszertani leírások (Hettangian and Early Sinemurian (Early Jurassic) brachiopods of the Transdanubian Central Range (Hungary) II. A Bakony Természettudományi kutatásának eredményei. 27:1–144. [In Hungarian].
  • Duméril AMC. 1806. Zoologie analytique ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux. Paris: Allais; p. xxiv+344.
  • Elmi S, Alméras Y, Ameur M, Benhamou M. 1985. Précisions biostratigraphiques et paléoécologiques sur le Lias des environs de Tiffrit (Saïda, Algérie occidentale). Cahiers Inst Catholique Lyon. 14:15–42.
  • Elmi S, Alméras Y, Benshili K. 1989. Influence de l’évolution paléogéographique sur les peuplements au cours du Lias dans le Moyen-Atlas Marocain. Sci Géolog Mém. 83:115–131.
  • Gaković M, Tchoumatchenco P. 1994. Jurassic brachiopods from the Dinarides (NE Herzegovina). Geol Balcan. 24(3):13‒29.
  • García Joral F. 1986. Los braquiópodos del Aaleniense de la Cordillera Ibérica. Unpubl PhD thesis Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 325 pp.
  • García Joral F. 1993. Praemonticlarella distercica nov. gen. nov. sp. (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida) del Toarciense superior y Aaleniense inferior de la Cordillera Ibérica (NE de España). Bol Real Soc Española Hist Natur (Sec Geol). 88(1–4):73–83.
  • García Joral F. 2005. Sphaeroidothyris uretae sp. nov. (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida) del sector Septentrional de la Cordillera Ibérica (España). Coloq Paleont. 55:163–174.
  • García Joral F, Goy A. 1984. Características de la fauna de braquiópodos del Toarciense superior en el Sector Central de la Cordillera Ibérica (noroeste de España). Estudios Geológicos. 40(1–2):55–59. doi:10.3989/egeol.84401-2650.
  • García Joral F, Goy A. 1998. Los braquiópodos jurásicos en el Aparato para la historia natural española de José Torrubia (1754). Geogaceta. 24:143–146.
  • García Joral F, Goy A. 2009. Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) brachiopods in Asturias (Northern Spain): stratigraphic distribution, critical events and palaeobiogeography. Geobios. 42(3):255–264. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2008.10.007.
  • García Joral F, Gómez Fernández JJ, Goy A. 2011. Mass extinction and recovery of the Early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) brachiopods linked to climate change in Northern and Central Spain. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 302(3–4):367–380. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.023.
  • García Joral F, Goy A, Ureta S. 1990. Las sucesiones de braquiópodos en el tránsito Lías-Dogger en la Cordillera Ibérica. Cuadernos Geol Ibérica. 14:55–65.
  • Geyer G. 1889. Über die liassischen Brachiopoden des Hierlaz bei Hallstaett. K-K Geol Reichsanst, Abh. 15(1):88.
  • García JF, Goy A, Rosales I, Barnolas A, Sevillano A, JM L-G. 2022. Early Toarcian (Jurassic) brachiopods from the Balearic Islands (Spain)and their paleobiogeographic context. J Iberian Geol Published on line: 05 September 2022. doi:10.1007/s41513-022-00197-0.
  • Gómez JJ, Goy A. 2011. Warming-driven mass extinction in the Early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) of northern and central Spain. Correlation with other time-equivalent European sections. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol. 306(3–4):176–195. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.04.018.
  • Gómez JJ, Goy A, Canales ML. 2008. Seawater temperature and carbon isotope variations in belemnites linked to mass extinction during the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) in Central and Northern Spain. Comparison with other European sections. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol. 258(1–2):28–58. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.11.005.
  • Hallam A. 1996. Major bio-events in the Triassic and Jurassic. In: Walliser OH, editor. Global Events and Event Stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 265–283.
  • Hallam A, Wignall PB. 1997. Mass Extinctions and Their Aftermath. Oxford (New York, Tokyo): Oxford University Press; 309 pp.
  • Harries PJ, Little CTS. 1999. The early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) and the Cenomanian–Turonian (Late Cretaceous) mass extinctions: similarities and contrasts. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology. 154(1–2):39–66. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00086-3.
  • Hatch JR, Leventhal JS. 1992. Relationship between inferred redox potential of the depositional environment and geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone, Wabaunsee County, Kansas. Vol. 99, U.S.A. Chem Geol. p. 65–82.
  • Jenkyns HC. 2010. Geochemistry of oceanic anoxic events. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 11(3):Q03004. doi:10.1029/2009GC002788.
  • Jenkyns HC, Jones CE, Grocke DR, Hesselbo SP, Parkinson DN. 2002. Chemostratigraphy of the Jurassic System: applications, limitations and implications for palaeoceanography. J Geol Soc London. 159(4):351–378. doi:10.1144/0016-764901-130.
  • Kamyshan VP. 1968. Novye dannye o morfologii i sistematike mezozojskih strujchatyh rinhonellid [New data on the morphology and systematics of Mesozoic striated rhynchonellids]. Paleont Zh. 39:49–62. [In Russian].
  • Kamyshan VP, Babanova LI. 1973. Sredneyurskie i pozdneyurskie brakhiopody Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza i Gornogo Kryma [Middle Jurassic and Late Jurassic brachiopods of northwestern Caucasus and Upper Crimea]. Kharkiv Univ Ed. 175 pp. [In Russian].
  • Koleva-Rekalova E, Metodiev L. 2005. Preservational features of the Upper Pliensbachian–Lower Bajocian belemnite rostra from two clayey-limestone successions from the West Balkan Mts. (Bulgaria). Cathodoluminescence and geochemical tests. C R Acad Bulg Sci. 58(6):789–794.
  • Koleva-Rekalova E, Metodiev L. 2007. Diagenetic evolution of the Toarcian iron-ooidal limestones and the upper pliensbachian–lower bajocian hemipelagic sediments – evidence from two sections of the western balkan mts (Bulgaria) on the base of isotope (δ18O and δ13C) data. C R Acad Bulg Sci. 60(10):1085–1092.
  • Koleva-Rekalova E, Metodiev L, Mladenova V. 2006. Cyclic model of the Toarcian iron ooidal limestone succession at the Beledie Han section, Western Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria. C R Acad Bulg Sci. 59(1):51–56.
  • Korte C, Hesselbo SP, Ullmann CV, Dietl G, Ruhl M, Schweigert G, Thibault N. 2015. Jurassic climate mode governed by ocean gateway. Nature Communications. 6(1):10015. doi:10.1038/ncomms10015.
  • Kuhn O. 1949. Lehrbuch der Paläozoologie. Schweizerbart: Stuttgart: E; 326 pp
  • Lee DE, Mackinnon DI, Smirnova TN, Baker PG, Yu-Gan J, Dong-Li S. 2006. Terebratulida. Kaesler RL editor Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H. Brachiopoda (Revised), Volume 5. Boulder (Colorado) Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, p. 1965–2255.
  • Makridin VP. 1955. Nekotorye yurskie rinhonellidy Evropeyskoy chasti SSSR [Some Jurassic rhynchonellids from the European part of SSSR]. Zap Geol Fak Har’kovskogo Univ. 12:81–91. [In Russian].
  • Makridin VP. 1964. Brakhiopody Iurskikh otlozhenii Russkoi Platformy i nekotorykh prilezhashchikh k nei oblastei [Brachiopods from the Jurassic deposits of the Russian Platform and some adjoining regions]. Moscow: Gorkii-Kharkov State University, Scientific Research Sector, Izd ‘Nedra’, 395 pp. [In Russian].
  • Manceñido MO, Owen EF, Dong-Li S. 2007. Post-Paleozoic Rhynchonellida Selden PA editor. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, Brachiopoda, 6 (Revised). Boulder Colorado and Lawrence: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas; P. 2727–2741.
  • Manceñido MO, Owen EF, Dong-Li S, Dagys AS. 2002 Hemithiridoidea Kaesler R editor Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, Brachiopoda, 4 (Revised). Boulder Colorado and Lawrence: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, p. 1326–1369.
  • Metodiev L. 1997. Toarcian and Aalenian ammonites in a part of the Western Stara Planina Mts., Bulgaria (taxonomy, stratigraphy). Geol Balcanica. 27(3–4):3–31. doi:10.52321/GeolBalc.27.3-4.3.
  • Metodiev L. 2000. Étude de la limite Toarcien-Aalénien et stratigraphie de l’Aalénien dans quelques coupes du Mont Balkan occidental et central en Bulgarie. Strata. 1(10):117–121.
  • Metodiev L. 2002. Grammoceras, Pseudogrammoceras et Podagrosites (Grammoceratinae, Ammonitina) du Toarcien supérieur dans la région du Balkan (Bulgarie). Taxonomie et biostratigraphie. Geol Balcanica. 32(2–4):165–189. doi: 10.52321/GeolBalc.32.2-4.165.
  • Metodiev L. 2008. The ammonite zones of the Toarcian in Bulgaria – new evidence, subzonation and correlation with the standard zones and subzones in North-Western Europe. C R Acad Bulg Sci. 61(1):87–132.
  • Metodiev L, Koleva-Rekalova E. 2005. Preservational Features of the Upper Pliensbachian-Lower Bajocian belemnite rostra from two clayey-limestone successions of the West Balkan Mts (Bulgaria). Taphonomic and sedimentological evidence. C R Acad Bulg Sci. 58(6):705–710.
  • Metodiev L, Koleva-Rekalova E. 2008. Stable isotope records (δ18O and δ13C) of Lower-Middle Jurassic belemnites from the Western Balkan mountains (Bulgaria): palaeoenvironmental application. Appl Geochem. 23(10):2845–2856. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.04.010.
  • Metodiev L, Koleva-Rekalova E, Ivanova D, Dochev D, Velev S, Dimitrov I. 2014b. Middle Jurassic fossil and depositional record from the area of the Zimevitsa Plateau (West Bulgaria). Bulgar Geol Soc Nat Conf Intern Partic ‘Geosciences 2014: 65–66; Abstracts.
  • Metodiev LS, Savov IP, Gröcke DR, Wignall PB, Newton RJ, Andreeva PV, Koleva-Rekalova EK. 2014a. Paleoenvironmental conditions recorded by 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O in late Pliensbachian–Toarcian (Jurassic) belemnites from Bulgaria. Palaeogr Palaeoclimat Paleoecol. 409:98–113. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.04.025.
  • Metodiev L, Stoylkova T, Georgieva M, Koleva-Rekalova E. 2019. Mercury enrichments as a potential tracer forvolcanism in sedimentary successions – examples from the Toarcian in Bulgaria. Rev Bulg Geol Soc. 80(3):122–124.
  • Metodiev L, Georgieva M, Stoylkova T, Koleva-Rekalova E. 2020. Redox levels of deposition across the Toarcian – trace element data from Bulgaria. Rev Bulg Geol Soc. 81(3):138–140.
  • Moskovski S. 2001. Structure of the Zimevitsa Plateau (Western Balkan). Ann Univ Sofia, Fac Biol Géol Géogr. 91(1):81–108.
  • Motchurova-Dekova N, Radulović V, Metodiev L. 2009. Shell microstructure used to unveil homoeomorphy in rhynchonellide brachiopods: Pseudocapillirhynchia platoni – new Early-Middle Jurassic genus and species from Bulgaria. C R Acad Bulg Sci. 62(10):1229–1310.
  • Oppel A. 1856. Die Jurafonnation Englands, Frankreichs und des südwestlichen Deutschlands. Württemb Natw Jh Stuttgart. 12:438.
  • Oppel A. 1861. Über die Brachiopoden des untern Lias. Z dtsch geol Ges. 13(4):529–550.
  • Ovcharenko VN. 1983. Yurskie brakhiopody Pamira [Jurassic brachiopods of the Pamirs]. Dushanbe: Akademiia Nauk Tadzhikistana SSR. Institut geologii; 196 pp. [In Russian].
  • Owen EF, Manceñido MO. 2002. Rhynchonelloidea. In: Kaesler RL, editor. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H. Brachiopoda (Revised), Volume 4. Boulder (Colorado): Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press; p. 1279–1308.
  • Percival LME, Witt MLI, Mather TA, Hermoso M, Jenkyns HC, Hesselbo SP, Al-Suwaidi AH, Storm MS, Xu W, Ruhl M. 2015. Globally enhanced mercury deposition during the end-Pliensbachian extinction and Toarcian OAE: a link to the Karoo–Ferrar Large Igneous Province. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 428:267–280. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.064.
  • Pevny J. 1966. Liassic Brachiopoda from the Mountains Čachtické pohorie west Slovakia. Geol Sb. 2:271–282.
  • Pugh A 2018. Palaeoenvironmental and biotic change through the Lower Jurassic in Bulgaria. Unpubl PhD Thesis, University of Leeds, Earth Surface Science Institute, School of Earth and Environment. 383 pp.
  • Pugh A, Little CT, Savov IP, Metodiev L, Wignall PB, Newton RJ, Riding J. 2019. The early Toarcian extinction event and associated Pliensbachian–Toarcian palaeoenvironmental perturbations in Bulgaria. PeerJ Preprints. 7:e27948v1. doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.27948v1.
  • Quenstedt FA. 1856‒1858. Der Jura. Tübingen: Laupp ed. 824‒842.
  • Quenstedt FA. 1868‒1871. Petrefactenkunde Deutschlands. 2. Brachiopoden. Tübingen and Leipzig: Fuess ed; 748 pp.
  • Radulović B, Motchurova-Dekova N, Radulović V. 2007. New Barremian rhynchonellide brachiopod genus from Serbia and the shell microstructure of Tetrarhynchiidae. Acta Palaeont Polonica. 52(4):761–782.
  • Reynès P. 1868. Essai de geologie et paleontologie Aveyronnaises. Paris: J.B. Bailliere; 109 pp.
  • Rothpletz A. 1886–1888. Geologisch.-palaeontologische Monographie der Vilser Alpen. Paleontographica. 33:180.
  • Rousselle L. 1973. Le genre Pseudogibbirhynchia (Rhynchonellacea) dans le Toarcien et l’ Aalénien inférieur du Haut-Atlas central et oriental. Notes Serv Géol Maroc. 34(254):121–133.
  • Ruban DA. 2004. Diversity dynamics of Early–Middle Jurassic brachiopods of Caucasus, and the Pliensbachian–Toarcian mass extinction. Acta Palaeont Polonica. 49(2):275–282.
  • Rzhonsnitskaia MA 1956. Systematization of Rhynchonellida. XX Congr Geol Int, Mexico, Resúmenes Trab Present. Report 20:125–126.
  • Sapunov I, Tchoumatchenco P. 1988. Bulgarian experience in Lower Jurassic biozonation based on different fossil groups – a retrospection. 2nd International Symposium on Jurassic Stratigraphy, Lisboa; p. 699–715.
  • Sapunov I, Tchoumatchenco P, Mitov P. 1988. Jurassic development of North-West Bulgaria. Geol Balcanica. 18(1):3–82.
  • Savage NM, Manceñido MO, Owen EF, Carlson SJ, Grant RE, Dagys AS, Dong-Li S. 2002. Rhynchonellida. In: Kaesler RL, editor. Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology. Part H, Brachiopoda (Revised), Volume 4, Rhynchonelliformea (part). Boulder. Colorado and Lawrence: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas; p. 1027–1376.
  • Shi X, Grant RE. 1993. Jurassic Rhynchonellids: internal structures and taxonomic revisions. Smithson Contr Paleobiol. 73:iv+190.
  • Siblík M. 1967. Ramenonozci noru lokality Drnava (Slovensky Kras) [The brachiopods of the Norian locality Drnava (Slovak karst)]. Geol Pràce. 43:81–97.
  • Siblík M. 2003. Triassic and Jurassic brachiopod fauna of the classical Mesozoic area near Hallstatt (Upper Austria). In: Weidinger Jt, Lobitzer H, Spitzbart I, editors. Beit Geol Salzkammerguts, Gmundner Geo-Studien, Vol. 2, 69–70.
  • Siblík M. 2008. A Jurassic Brachiopod Fauna from the Mitterwand Area near Hallstatt (Upper Austria). Jb geol Bundesanst. B.-A 148(1):59–87.
  • Sowerby J. 1812–1818. The Mineral Conchology of Great Britain. London:Benjamin Meredith. Vol. 1, 235 pp.; Vol. 2, 251 pp.
  • Sowerby JDC. 1823–1825. The Mineral Conchology of Great Britain. London:W. Ardling. Vol. 5, 168 pp.
  • Tchoumatchenco PV. 1972a. Thanatocoenoses and biotopes of Lower Jurassic brachiopods in central and western Bulgaria. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 12(4):227–242. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(72)90020-X.
  • Tchoumatchenco PV. 1972b. On palaeocurrents in central and western Bulgaria in Early Jurassic times. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 12(4):243–250. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(72)90021-1.
  • Tchoumatchenco P. 1972c. Répartition stratigraphique des brachiopodes du Jurassique inférieur du Balkan central et occidental et du Kraište (Bulgarie). Bull Geol Inst, Ser Stratig Lithol. 21. 63–84. [In Bulgarian, with Russian and French summaries]
  • Tchoumatchenco P. 1974. Note sur la répartition stratigraphique des brachiopodes du Jurassique inférieur dans les Balkanides centrales et occidentales (Bulgarie). Colloque du Jurassique à Luxembourg, 1967. Mém BRGM. 75:183–187.
  • Tchoumatchenco P. 1976. An analysis of simpson’s species diversity index in the early jurassic brachiopods from central and Western Bulgaria. Geol Balcanica. 6(4):95–103.
  • Tchoumatchenco P. 1977. Les biozones de Brachiopodes du Jurassique moyen en Bulgarie. Geol Balcanica. 7(1):97–108.
  • Tchoumatchenco P. 1989. Brachiopodes des olistolithes Jurassique inferieurs et moyen inclus dans la Formation de Kotel – Jurassique moyen (Stara Planina orientale, Bulgarie). 1. Rhynchonellida. Paleont Stratigr Lithol. 27:3–30.
  • Tchoumatchenco P. 1990. Brachiopodes des olistolithes jurassiques inférieurs et moyens de la Formation de Kotel (Stara Planina orientale, Bulgarie). 2. Spiriferida, Terebratulida. Paleont Stratigr Lithol. 28:3–40.
  • Tchoumatchenco PV. 1993. Brachiopod thanatocoenoses in the Aalenian, Bajocian and Bathonian of western Bulgaria and their distribution. Paleogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 100(1–2):159–168. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90039-L.
  • Uchman A, Tchoumatchenco P. 1994. Remarks on the stratigraphy and brachiopod palaeobiogeography in the Lower Jurassic Hierlaz type limestone facies: the Choč Unit, central Western Carpathians. Geol Carpathica. 45:195–202.
  • Vörös A, Szabó J, Dulai A, Szente I, Ebli O, Lobitzer H. 2003. Early Jurassic fauna and facies of the Schafberg area (Salzkammergut, Austria). Fragm Palaeont Hungarica. 21:51–82.
  • Waagen WH. 1883. Salt range Fossils. I. Productus-Limestone fossils. Geol Surv India, Mem Palaeont Indica, Ser 13. 4(2):391–546.
  • Walker JF. 1892. II.— on Liassic Sections Near Bridport, Dorsetshire. Geological Magazine. 9(10):437–443. doi:10.1017/S0016756800190740.
  • Wignall PB. 2005. The link between large igneous province eruptions and mass extinctions. Elements. 1(5):293–297. doi:10.2113/gselements.1.5.293.
  • Wignall PB, Hallam A. 1991. Biofacies, stratigraphic distribution and depositional models of British onshore Jurassic black shales Tyson RV, Pearson TH editors Modern and Ancient Continental Shelf Anoxia. Geol Soc London, Spec Publ. 58: 291–309.
  • Wignall PB, Newton R. 2001. Black shales on the basin margin: a model based on examples from the Upper Jurassic of the Boulonnais, northern France. Sediment Geol. 144(3–4):335–356. doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00125-7.
  • Wignall PB, Newton RJ, Little CTS. 2005. The timing of paleoenvironmental change and cause-and-effect relationships during the early Jurassic mass extinction in Europe. Amer J Sci. 305(10):1014–1032. doi:10.2475/ajs.305.10.1014.
  • Williams A, Carlson SJ, Brunton CHC, Holmer LE, Popov L. 1996. A supra-ordinal classification of the Brachiopoda. Phil Trans R Soc London, B. 351(4):1171–1193.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.