An Evaluation of a Canine Welfare Education Intervention for Primary School Children

References

• Aldridge, G. L., & Rose, S. E. (2019). Young children’s interpretation of dogs’ emotions and their intentions to approach happy, angry, and frightened dogs. Anthrozoös, 32(3), 361–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2019.1598656
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbour, R., Signal, T., & Taylor, N. (2009). Teaching kindness: The promise of humane education. Society & Animals, 17(2), 136–148. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853009X418073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascione, F. R. (1993). Children who are cruel to animals: A review of research and implications for developmental psychopathology. Anthrozoös, 6(4), 226–247. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279393787002105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascione, F. R. (2005). Children and animals: Exploring the roots of kindness and cruelty. Purdue University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Animal Welfare Act. (2006). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/45/contents
   Google Scholar
• Baatz, A., Anderson, K. L., Casey, R., Kyle, M., McMillan, K. M., Upjohn, M., & Sevenoaks, H. (2020). Education as a tool for improving canine welfare: Evaluating the effect of an education workshop on attitudes to responsible dog ownership and canine welfare in a sample of Key Stage 2 children in the United Kingdom. PLoS ONE, 15(4), e0230832. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellows, J., Colitz, C. M. H., Daristotle, L., Ingram, D. K., Lepine, A., Marks, S. L., Sanderson, S. L., Tomlinson, J., & Zhang, J. (2015). Common physical and functional changes associated with aging in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 246(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.246.1.67
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom, T., & Friedman, H. (2013). Classifying dogs’ (Canis familiaris) facial expressions from photographs. Behavioural Processes, 96, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2013.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brelsford, V. L., Meints, K., Gee, N. R., & Pfeffer, K. (2017). Animal-assisted interventions in the classroom: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(7), 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christos, C., & Buckley, L. A. (2022). Veterinary-led puppy parties: A cross-sectional survey to quantify the methods and approaches undertaken within UK veterinary practices. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 58, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2022.09.006
   Google Scholar
• Davies, R. H., Lawes, J. R., & Wales, A. D. (2019). Raw diets for dogs and cats: A review, with particular reference to microbiological hazards. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 60(6), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13000
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edgar, J. L., & Mullan, S. M. (2011). Knowledge and attitudes of 52 UK pet rabbit owners at the point of sale. Veterinary Record, 168(13), 353. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.c6191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faver, C. A. (2010). School-based humane education as a strategy to prevent violence: Review and recommendations. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(3), 365–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd ed.). SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Glanville, C., Abraham, C., & Coleman, G. (2020). Human behavior change interventions in animal care and interactive settings: A review and framework for design and evaluation. Animals, 10(12), 2333. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawes, S., Kerrigan, J., & Morris, K. (2018). Factors informing outcomes for older cats and dogs in animal shelters. Animals, 8(3), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8030036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, R. D., Ferreira, G. A. R. M., & Williams, J. M. (2019). The development and evaluation of “Farm Animal Welfare”: An educational computer game for children. Animals, 9(3), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9030091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, R. D., Hatin, B. D., & Revesz, E. O. (2021). Accuracy of canine vs. human emotion identification: Impact of dog ownership and belief in animal mind. Human–Animal Interaction Bulletin, (2021). https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2021.000
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins, R. D., Hatin, B. D. M., & Révész, E. O. (2022). Accuracy of canine vs. human emotion identification: Impact of dog ownership and belief in animal mind. Human–Animal Interaction Bulletin, 12(2), 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins, R. D., Hawkins, E. L., & Williams, J. M. (2017). Psychological risk factors for childhood nonhuman animal cruelty. Society & Animals, 25(3), 280–312. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341448
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, R. D., & Williams, J. M. (2016). Children’s beliefs about animal minds (Child-BAM): Associations with positive and negative child–animal interactions. Anthrozoös, 29(3), 503–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2016.1189749
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, R. D., Williams, J. M., & Scottish SPCA. (2017a). Childhood attachment to pets: Associations between pet attachment, attitudes to animals, compassion, and humane behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(5), 490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, R. D., Williams, J. M., & Scottish SPCA. (2017b). Assessing effectiveness of a nonhuman animal welfare education program for primary school children. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 20(3), 240–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2017.1305272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins, R. D., Scottish SPCA, & Williams, J. M. (2020a). The development and pilot evaluation of a “serious game” to promote positive child–animal interactions. Human–Animal Interaction Bulletin, 8(2), 68–92.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins, R. D., Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, & Williams, J. M. (2020b). Children’s attitudes towards animal cruelty: Exploration of predictors and socio-demographic variations. Psychology, Crime and Law, 26(3), 226–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2019.1652747
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izard, C. E. (1971). The face of emotion. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
   Google Scholar
• Jamieson, J., Reiss, M. J., Allen, D., Asher, L., Wathes, C. M., & Abeyesinghe, S. M. (2012). Measuring the success of a farm animal welfare education event. Animal Welfare, 21(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.7120/096272812799129402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. A., Odendaal, J. S. J., & Meadows, R. L. (2002). Animal-assisted interventions research: Issues and answers. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 24(4), 422–440. https://doi.org/10.1177/01945902024004009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Lakestani, N., Aguirre, V., & Orihuela, A. (2015). Farm animal welfare and children: A preliminary study building an attitude scale and evaluating an intervention. Society & Animals, 23(4), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341370
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsa-Sambola, F., Muldoon, J., Williams, J., Lawrence, A., Connor, M., & Currie, C. (2016). The Short Attachment to Pets Scale (SAPS) for children and young people: Development, psychometric qualities, and demographic and health associations. Child Indicators Research, 9(1), 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-015-9303-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martens, P., Enders-Slegers, M. J., & Walker, J. K. (2016). The emotional lives of companion animals: Attachment and subjective claims by owners of cats and dogs. Anthrozoös, 29(1), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2015.1075299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, S. E., Vidacovich, C., Ascione, F. R., Williams, J. H., & Green, K. E. (2015). The Children’s Treatment of Animals Questionnaire: A Rasch analysis. Anthrozoös, 28(1), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279315X14129350722172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellor, D. J., Beausoleil, N. J., Littlewood, K. E., McLean, A. N., McGreevy, P. D., Jones, B., & Wilkins, C. (2020). The 2020 Five Domains Model: Including human–animal interactions in assessments of animal welfare. Animals, 10(10), 1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101870
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muldoon, J. C., & Williams, J. M. (2021a). Establishing consensus on the best ways to educate children about animal welfare and prevent harm: An online Delphi study. Animal Welfare, 30(2), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.30.2.179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muldoon, J. C., & Williams, J. M. (2021b). The challenges and future development of animal welfare education in the UK. Animal Welfare, 30(2), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.30.2.197
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muldoon, J. C., & Williams, J. M. (2021c). The animal welfare education for children toolkit. https://www.ed.ac.uk/sites/default/files/atoms/files/the_animal_welfare_education_for_children_toolkit.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Muldoon, J. C., Williams, J. M., & Lawrence, A. (2016). Exploring children’s perspectives on the welfare needs of pet animals. Anthrozoös, 29(3), 357–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2016.1181359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muldoon, J., Williams, J., Lawrence, A., Lakestani, N., & Currie, C. (2009). Promoting a “duty of care” towards animals among children and young people – A literature review and findings from initial research to inform the development of interventions. Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Defra. https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/5277504/Defra_Yr1Report_Sep09.pdf
   Google Scholar
• PDSA. (2022). PAW PDSA animal wellbeing report 2022: The essential insight into the wellbeing of UK pets. https://www.pdsa.org.uk/media/12965/pdsa-paw-report-2022.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pratiwinindya, R. A., Alfatah, N., Nugrahani, R., Triyanto, T., Prameswari, N. S., & Widagdo, P. B. (2021). The use of interactive multimedia to build awareness against animal exploitation in environmental conservation education for children. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1098(3), 032019 https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1098/3/032019
   Google Scholar
• RSPCA. (2021). Understanding dog behaviour. https://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/pets/dogs/behaviour/understanding
   Google Scholar
• Scandurra, C., Santaniello, A., Cristiano, S., Mezza, F., Garzillo, S., Pizzo, R., Menna, L. F., & Bochicchio, V. (2021). An animal-assisted education intervention with dogs to promote emotion comprehension in primary school children—The Federico II Model of Healthcare Zooanthropology. Animals, 11(6), 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061504
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprinkle, J. E. (2008). Animals, empathy, and violence: Can animals be used to convey principles of prosocial behavior to children? Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 6(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204007305525
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern, C., & Chur-Hansen, A. (2013). Methodological considerations in designing and evaluating animal-assisted interventions. Animals, 3(1), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3010127
   Google Scholar
• Stetina, B. U., Turner, K., Burger, E., Glenk, L. M., McElheney, J. C., Handlos, U., & Kothgassner, O. D. (2011). Learning emotion recognition from canines? Two for the road. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 6(2), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2010.11.004
   Google Scholar
• Stockman, J., Fascetti, A. J., Kass, P. H., & Larsen, J. A. (2013). Evaluation of recipes of home-prepared maintenance diets for dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 242(11), 1500–1505. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.242.11.1500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, K., & Gullone, E. (2003). The Children’s Treatment of Animals Questionnaire (CTAQ): A psychometric investigation. Society & Animals, 11(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853003321618800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veterinary Behavior Team. (2021). The many faces of stress in dogs. https://www.vetbehaviourteam.com/client-handouts
   Google Scholar
• Wauthier, L., & Williams, J. M. (2021). Understanding and conceptualizing childhood animal harm: A meta-narrative systematic review. Anthrozoös, 35(2), 165–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2021.1986262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westgarth, C., Boddy, L. M., Stratton, G., German, A. J., Gaskell, R. M., Coyne, K. P., Bundred, P., McCune, S., & Dawson, S. (2013). Pet ownership, dog types and attachment to pets in 9–10 year old children in Liverpool, UK. BMC Veterinary Research, 9(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams, J. M., Cardoso, M. P., Zumaglini, S., Finney, A. L., Scottish SPCA, & Knoll, M. A. (2022). “Rabbit rescuers”: A school-based animal welfare education intervention for young children. Anthrozoös, 35(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2021.1944561
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, C. C., & Barker, S. B. (2003). Challenges in designing human–animal interaction research. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203255208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worsley, H. K., & O'Hara, S. J. (2018). Cross-species referential signalling events in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Animal Cognition, 21(4), 457–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-018-1181-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zilocchi, M., Tagliavini, Z., Cianni, E., & Gazzano, A. (2016). Effects of physical activity on dog behaviour. Dog Behaviour, 2(2), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.4454/db.v2i2.34
   Google Scholar