A digital twin reference architecture for pharmaceutical cannabis production

References

• Aguilar, S., V. Gutiérrez, L. Sánchez, and M. Nougier. 2018. “Medicinal Cannabis Policies and Practices Around the World.” International Drug Policy Consortium. April, 32. https://idpc.net/publications/2018/04/medicinal-cannabis-policies-and-practices-around-the-world.
   Google Scholar
• Alves, R. G., G. Souza, R. F. Maia, A. L. H. Tran, C. Kamienski, J. P. Soininen, and F. Lima. October, 2019. “A Digital Twin for Smart Farming.” In 2019 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) 1–4. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Anthony Howard, D., Z. Ma, J. Mazanti Aaslyng, and B. Norregaard Jorgensen. 2020. “Data Architecture for Digital Twin of Commercial Greenhouse Production.” Proceedings - 2020 RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies, RIVF 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/RIVF48685.2020.9140726.
   Google Scholar
• Ariesen-Verschuur, N., C. Verdouw, and B. Tekinerdogan. 2022. “Digital Twins in Greenhouse Horticulture: A Review.” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 199199:107183. ISSN 0168-1699 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.107183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backer, R., T. Schwinghamer, P. Rosenbaum, V. McCarty, S. Eichhorn Bilodeau, D. Lyu, M. B. Ahmed, G. Robinson, M. Lefsrud, O. Wilkins, and D. L. Smith. 2019. “Closing the Yield Gap for Cannabis: A Meta-Analysis of Factors Determining Cannabis Yield.” Frontiers in Plant Science 10 (April): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00495.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barricelli, B. R., and D. Fogli. 2022. “Digital Twins in Human-Computer Interaction: A Systematic Review.” International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2118189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basso, B., and J. Antle. 2020. “Digital Agriculture to Design Sustainable Agricultural Systems.” Nature Sustainability 3 (4): 254–256. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0510-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, M., M. Boussard, N. Bui, J. D. Loof, C. Magerkurth, S. Meissner, and A. Nettstra. 2013. Chapter 8 IoT Reference Architecture (Issue August 2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40403-0_8.
   Google Scholar
• Bauer, M., M. Boussard, A. Lucent, N. Bui, B. Networks, and F. Carrez. 2013. “Internet of Things – Architecture IoT-A Deliverable D1. 5 – Final Architectural Internet of Things – Architecture IoT-A Final Architectural Reference Model for the IoT V3. 0. July.”
   Google Scholar
• Bolender, T., G. Bürvenich, M. Dalibor, B. Rumpe, and A. Wortmann. 2021. “Self-Adaptive Manufacturing with Digital Twins.” 2021 International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS) 156–166. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAMS51251.2021.00029.
   Google Scholar
• Boschert, S., and R. Rosen. 2016. “Digital Twin—The Simulation Aspect.” In Mechatronic Futures: Challenges and Solutions for Mechatronic Systems and Their Designers, edited by P. Hehenberger and D. Bradley, 59–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Chandra, S., H. Lata, and M. A. ElSohly. 2017. “Cannabis Sativa L. - Botany and Biotechnology.” In Cannabis Sativa L. - Botany and Biotechnology. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54564-6.
   Google Scholar
• Ciano, M. P., R. Pozzi, T. Rossi, and F. Strozzi. 2021. “Digital Twin-Enabled Smart Industrial Systems: A Bibliometric Review.” International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 34 (7–8): 690–708. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2020.1852600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cimino, C., E. Negri, and L. Fumagalli. 2019. “Review of Digital Twin Applications in Manufacturing.” Computers in Industry 113:103130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2019.103130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements, P., D. Garlan, R. Little, R. Nord, and J. Stafford. May, 2003. “Documenting Software Architectures: Views and Beyond.” In 25th International Conference on Software Engineering, 2003. Proceedings 740–741. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Defraeye, T., C. Shrivastava, T. Berry, P. Verboven, D. Onwude, S. Schudel, A. Bühlmann, P. Cronje, and R. M. Rossi. 2021. “Digital Twins are Coming: Will We Need Them in Supply Chains of Fresh Horticultural Produce?” Trends in Food Science and Technology 109 (May 2020): 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.025.
   Google Scholar
• Dorador, J. M., and R. I. Young. 2000. “Application of IDEF0, IDEF3 and UML Methodologies in the Creation of Information Models.” International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 13 (5): 430–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/09511920050117928.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durão, L. F. C. S., S. Haag, R. Anderl, K. Schützer, and E. Zancul. 2018. “Digital Twin Requirements in the Context of Industry 4.0.” IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology 540:204–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01614-2_19.
   Google Scholar
• Eaves, J., S. Eaves, C. Morphy, and C. Murray. 2020. “The Relationship Between Light Intensity, Cannabis Yields, and Profitability.” Agronomy Journal 112 (2): 1466–1470. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El, A., and S. Fieee. 2002. “Digital Twin: The Convergence of Multimedia Technologies.” http://www.smart-world.org/2018/KeynotePPTDownload/SmartWorld2018_AbudulSaddik.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Famiglietti, A., J. W. Memoli, and P. G. Khaitan. 2021. “Therapeutic Application of Cannabis in Medicine and Its Relevance to Thoracic Surgery.” The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 112 (2): 665–671. Elsevier Inc https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.08.105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flumerfelt, S. 2017. Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems_ New Findings and Approaches.” Franz-Josef Kahlen, Shannon Flumerfelt, Anabela Alves (Eds.) Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems New Findings and Approaches Springer International Publishing. (2017)
   Google Scholar
• Gangwar, D. S., S. Tyagi, and S. K. Soni. 2022. “A Techno-Economic Analysis of Digital Agriculture Services: An Ecological Approach Toward Green Growth.” International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 19 (5): 3859–3870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03300-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaessgen, E. H., and D. S. Stargel. 2012. “The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles.” Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 1–14. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-1818.
   Google Scholar
• Grieves, M. 2014. “Digital Twin: Manufacturing Excellence Through Virtual Factory Replication - a Whitepaper by Dr. Michael Grieves.” White Paper, March, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Grieves, M., and J. Vickers. 2017. “Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredictable, Undesirable Emergent Behaviour in Complex Systems.” In Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems, edited by. F.-J. Kahlen, S. Flumerfelt, and A. Alves, 85–113. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38756-7_4
   Google Scholar
• Gubbi, J., R. Buyya, S. Marusic, and M. Palaniswami. 2013. “Internet of Things (IoT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions.” Future Generation Computer Systems 29 (7): 1645–1660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazekamp, A., K. Tejkalová, and S. Papadimitriou. 2016. “Cannabis: From Cultivar to Chemovar II - A Metabolomics Approach to Cannabis Classification.” Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 1 (1): 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2016.0017.
   Google Scholar
• He, B., and K. J. Bai. 2021. “Digital Twin-Based Sustainable Intelligent Manufacturing: A Review.” Advances in Manufacturing 9 (1): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-020-00302-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hevner, A. R., S. T. March, J. Park, and S. Ram. 2004. “Design Science in Information Systems Research.” MIS Quarterly 28 (1): 75–105. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard, D. A., Z. Ma, and B. N. Jørgensen. September 2020. Digital Twin Framework for Energy Efficient Greenhouse Industry 4.0 Digital Twin Framework for Energy Efficient the Greenhouse Sector Has Been Identified as a Sector with Significant Unexploited 0–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58356-9_34.
   Google Scholar
• Kahlen, F. J., S. Flumerfelt, and A. Alves. 2016. “Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems: New Findings and Approaches”. Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems: New Findings and Approaches, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38756-7.
   Google Scholar
• Köksal, and B. Tekinerdogan. 2019. “Architecture Design Approach for IoT-Based Farm Management Information Systems.” Precision Agriculture 20 (5): 926–958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-018-09624-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kossiakoff, A., W. N. Sweet, S. J. Seymour, and S. M. Biemer. 2011. “Systems Engineering Principles and Practice: Second Edition.” Systems Engineering Principles and Practice: Second Edition. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118001028.
   Google Scholar
• Kovalchuk, O., D. P. Li, R. Rodriguez-Juarez, A. Golubov, D. Hudson, and I. Kovalchuk. 2020. “The Effect of Cannabis Dry Flower Irradiation on the Level of Cannabinoids, Terpenes and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Extracts.” Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 29:101736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramp, T., R. van Kranenburg, and S. Lange. 2013. “Introduction to the Internet of Things.” Enabling Things to Talk: Designing IoT Solutions with the IoT Architectural Reference Model. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40403-0_1.
   Google Scholar
• Kritzinger, W., M. Karner, G. Traar, J. Henjes, and W. Sihn. 2018. “Digital Twin in Manufacturing: A Categorical Literature Review and Classification.” IFAC-Papersonline 51 (11): 1016–1022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.474.
   Google Scholar
• March, S. T., and G. F. Smith. 1995. “Design and Natural Science Research on Information Technology.” Decision Support Systems 15 (4): 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(94)00041-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, X., F. Tao, M. Zhang, T. Wang, and Y. Zuo. 2019. “Digital Twin Enhanced Human-Machine Interaction in Product Lifecycle.” Procedia CIRP 83:789–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCIR.2019.04.330.
   Google Scholar
• Moghadam, P., T. Lowe, and E. J. Edwards. 2020. “Digital Twin for the Future of Orchard Production Systems.” Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Proceedings 36 (1): 92.
   Google Scholar
• Nasirahmadi, A., and O. Hensel. 2022. “Toward the Next Generation of Digitalization in Agriculture Based on Digital Twin Paradigm.” Sensors 22 (2): 498. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Object Management Group. 2017. “Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1.” https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/.
   Google Scholar
• Onaji, I., D. Tiwari, P. Soulatiantork, B. Song, and A. Tiwari. 2022. “Digital Twin in Manufacturing: Conceptual Framework and Case Studies.” International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 35 (8): 831–858. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2022.2027014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Open Group. 2018. “The TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2. Part III, Chapter 21 Stakeholder Management.” https://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf9-doc/arch/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Park, K. T., Y. W. Nam, H. S. Lee, S. J. Im, S. D. Noh, J. Y. Son, and H. Kim. 2019. “Design and Implementation of a Digital Twin Application for a Connected Micro Smart Factory.” International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 32 (6): 596–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2019.1599439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E., and J. E. Heppelmann. 2015. “How Smart, Connected Products are Transforming Companies.” Harvard Business Review 2015 (October).
   Google Scholar
• Potter, D. J. 2014. “A Review of the Cultivation and Processing of Cannabis (Cannabis Sativa L.) for Production of Prescription Medicines in the UK.” Drug Testing and Analysis 6 (1–2): 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen, R., S. Boschert, and A. Sohr. 2018. “Next Generation Digital Twin.” Atp Magazine 60 (10): 86–96. https://doi.org/10.17560/atp.v60i10.2371.
   Google Scholar
• Schleich, B., N. Anwer, L. Mathieu, and S. Wartzack. 2017. “Shaping the Digital Twin for Design and Production Engineering.” CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology 66 (1): 141–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slot, M., P. Huisman, and E. Lutters. 2020. “A Structured Approach for the Instantiation of Digital Twins.” Procedia CIRP 91:540–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.02.211.
   Google Scholar
• Tao, F., J. Cheng, Q. Qi, M. Zhang, H. Zhang, and F. Sui. 2018. “Digital Twin-Driven Product Design, Manufacturing and Service with Big Data.” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 94 (9–12): 3563–3576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0233-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao, F., Q. Qi, L. Wang, and A. Y. C. Nee. 2019. “Digital Twins and Cyber–Physical Systems Toward Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0: Correlation and Comparison.” Engineering 5 (4): 653–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.01.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tekinerdogan, B., and H. Sözer. 2012. “Variability Viewpoint for Introducing Variability in Software Architecture Viewpoints.” ACM International Conference Proceeding Series 163–166. https://doi.org/10.1145/2361999.2362033.
   Google Scholar
• Tekinerdogan, B., and C. Verdouw. 2020. “Systems Architecture Design Pattern Catalog for Developing Digital Twins.” Sensors (Switzerland) 20 (18): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, H., T. Wang, Y. Liu, X. Qiao, and Y. Li. 2020. “Computer Vision Technology in Agricultural Automation —A Review.” Information Processing in Agriculture 7 (1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2019.09.006.
   Google Scholar
• Tummers, J., A. Kassahun, and B. Tekinerdogan. 2021. “Reference Architecture Design for Farm Management Information Systems: A Multi-Case Study Approach.” Precision Agriculture 22 (1): 22–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-020-09728-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlemann, T. H. J., C. Lehmann, and R. Steinhilper. 2017. “The Digital Twin: Realizing the Cyber-Physical Production System for Industry 4.0.” Procedia CIRP 61:335–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.152.
   Google Scholar
• van der Giessen, M., M. M. J. van Ooyen-Houben, and D. E. G. Moolenaar. 2016. “Estimating the Production, Consumption and Export of Cannabis: The Dutch Case.” International Journal of Drug Policy 31:104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.02.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanhove, W., P. Van Damme, and N. Meert. 2011. “Factors Determining Yield and Quality of Illicit Indoor Cannabis (Cannabis Spp.) Production.” Forensic Science International 212 (1–3): 158–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.06.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdouw, C. N., A. J. M. Beulens, H. A. Reijers, and J. G. A. J. Van Der Vorst. 2015. “A Control Model for Object Virtualization in Supply Chain Management.” Computers in Industry 68:116–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2014.12.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdouw, C., H. Sundmaeker, B. Tekinerdogan, D. Conzon, and T. Montanaro. 2019. “Architecture Framework of IoT-Based Food and Farm Systems: A Multiple Case Study.” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 165 (July): 104939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.104939.
   Google Scholar
• Verdouw, C., B. Tekinerdogan, A. Beulens, and S. Wolfert. 2021. “Digital Twins in Smart Farming.” Agricultural Systems 189 (February): 103046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103046.
   Google Scholar
• Verdouw, C. N., J. Wolfert, A. J. M. Beulens, and A. Rialland. 2016. “Virtualization of Food Supply Chains with the Internet of Things.” Journal of Food Engineering 176:128–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.11.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdouw, C., S. Wolfert, and B. Tekinerdogan. 2016. “Internet of Things in Agriculture.” CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition & Natural Resources 11 (December): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR201611035.
   Google Scholar
• Verschuren, P., and R. Hartog. 2005. “Evaluation in Design-Oriented Research.” Quality and Quantity 39 (6): 733–762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-005-3150-6.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, K., W. Xie, B. Wang, J. Pei, W. Wu, M. Baker, and Q. Zhou. December, 2020. “Simulation-Based Digital Twin Development for Blockchain Enabled End-To-End Industrial Hemp Supply Chain Risk Management.” In 2020 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), Orlando Florida, 3200–3211. IEEE.
   Google Scholar