235
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The mnemonic effect of central and peripheral misinformation on social mediaOpen DataOpen Materials

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 369-382 | Received 18 Jun 2023, Accepted 18 Feb 2024, Published online: 11 Mar 2024

References

  • Alothali, E., Zaki, N., Mohamed, E. A., & Alashwal, H. (2018). Detecting Social Bots on Twitter: A Literature Review. International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT), 175–180. https://doi.org/10.1109/INNOVATIONS.2018.8605995.
  • Anakwah, N., Horselenberg, R., Hope, L., Amankwah-Poku, M., & van Koppen, P. J. (2020a). The acculturation effect and eyewitness memory reports among migrants. Leg Crim Psychol, 25(2), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12179
  • Anakwah, N., Horselenberg, R., Hope, L., Amankwah-Poku, M., & van Koppen, P. J. (2020b). Cross-cultural differences in eyewitness memory reports. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 34(2), 504–515. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3637
  • Ayers, M. S., & Reder, L. M. (1998). A theoretical review of the misinformation effect: Predictions from an activation-based memory model. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209454
  • Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
  • Belli, R. F. (1989). Influences of misleading postevent information: Misinformation interference and acceptance. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 118(1), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.118.1.72
  • Bilgin, E., & Wang, Q. (2023). Remembering and forgetting information about the COVID-19 vaccine on twitter. Memory (Hove, England), 31(2), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2022.2144892
  • Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2002). Fuzzy-trace theory and false memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(5), 164–169. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20182800.
  • Burke, A., Heuer, F., & Reisberg, D. (1992). Remembering emotional events. Memory and Cognition, 20(3), 277–290. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03199665
  • Choi, I., Koo, M., & Choi, J. A. (2007). Individual differences in analytic versus holistic thinking. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(5), 691–705. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206298568
  • Christianson, S. A. (1992). Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 112(2), 284–309. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.284
  • Christianson, S.-Å, & Loftus, E. F. (1990). Some characteristics of people’s traumatic memories. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28(3), 195–198. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03334001
  • Dalton, A. L., & Daneman, M. (2006). Social suggestibility to central and peripheral misinformation. Memory (Hove, England), 14(4), 486–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210500495073
  • Daneman, M., Thannikkotu, C., & Chen, Z. (2013). Are there Age-related differences in social suggestibility to central and peripheral misinformation? Experimental Aging Research, 39(3), 342–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2013.779201
  • Del Vicario, M., Bessi, A., Zollo, F., Petroni, F., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., Stanley, H. E., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2016). The spreading of misinformation online. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(3), 554–559. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517441113
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  • Frenda, S. J., Knowles, E. D., Saletan, W., & Loftus, E. F. (2013). False memories of fabricated political events. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(2), 280–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.013
  • Garrett, R. K. (2019). Social media’s contribution to political misperceptions in U.S. Presidential elections. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213500. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213500
  • Grinberg, N., Joseph, K., Friedland, L., Swire-Thompson, B., & Lazer, D. (2019). Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Science, 363(6425), 374–378. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau2706
  • Guan, L., & Wang, Q. (2022). Does sharing memories make Us feel closer? The roles of memory type and culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 53(3–4), 344–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221211072809
  • Gutchess, A. H., & Indeck, A. (2009). Cultural influences on memory. Progress in Brain Research, 178, 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17809-3
  • Heath, W. P., & Erickson, J. R. (1998). Memory for central and peripheral actions and props after varied post-event presentation. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 3(2), 321–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8333.1998.tb00369.x
  • Hsu. (2021). Worries Grow That TikTok Is New Home for Manipulated Video and Photos. The New York Times. https://newsliteracymatters.commons.gc.cuny.edu/wp-content/blogs.dir/8164/files/2022/12/Worries-Grow-That-TikTok-Is-New-Home-for-Manipulated-Video-and-Photos-by-Tiffany-Hsu-The-New-York-Times.pdf.
  • Ibabe, I., & Sporer, S. L. (2004). How you ask is what you get: On the influence of question form on accuracy and confidence. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18(6), 711–726. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1025
  • Johar, G. V. (2022). Untangling the web of misinformation and false beliefs. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 32(2), 374–383. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1288
  • Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3
  • Lazer, D. M. J., Baum, M. A., Benkler, Y., Berinsky, A. J., Greenhill, K. M., Menczer, F., Metzger, M. J., Nyhan, B., Pennycook, G., Rothschild, D., Schudson, M., Sloman, S. A., Sunstein, C. R., Thorson, E. A., Watts, D. J., & Zittrain, J. L. (2018). The science of fake news. Science, 359(6380), 1094–1096. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao2998
  • Lees, J., McCarter, A., & Sarno, D. M. (2022). Twitter’s disputed tags May Be ineffective at reducing belief in fake news and only reduce intentions to share fake news Among democrats and independents. Journal of Online Trust and Safety, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.54501/jots.v1i3.39
  • Lenth, R. (2018). emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means (R package version 1.1.3). https://CRAN.R-project.org/package = emmeans.
  • Lindsay, D. S., & Johnson, M. K. (1989). The eyewitness suggestibility effect and memory for source. Memory & Cognition, 17(3), 349–358. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03198473
  • Loftus, E. F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7(4), 560–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(75)90023-7
  • Loftus, E. F. (1979). Reactions to blatantly contradictory information. Memory & Cognition, 7(5), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196941
  • Loftus, E. F., Donders, K., Hoffman, H. G., & Schooler, J. W. (1989). Creating new memories that are quickly accessed and confidently held. Memory & Cognition, 17(5), 607–616. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197083
  • Loftus, E. F., & Hoffman, H. G. (1989). Misinformation and memory: The creation of new memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 118(1), 100–104. https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.118.1.100
  • Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. G., & Burns, H. J. (1978). Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.4.1.19
  • Luna, K., & Albuquerque, P. B. (2018). Centrality ratings, forensic relevance, and production frequency: Which one best identifies central and peripheral items? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 32(2), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3400
  • Luna, K., & Migueles, M. (2009). Acceptance and confidence of central and peripheral misinformation. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12(2), 405–413. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600001797
  • Mahé, A., Corson, Y., Verrier, N., & Payoux, M. (2015). Misinformation effect and centrality. Revue Europeenne de Psychologie Appliquee, 65(3), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2015.03.001
  • Masuda, T., & Nisbett, R. E. (2001). Attending holistically versus analytically: Comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 922–934. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.81.5.922
  • Mesoudi, A., Magid, K., & Hussain, D. (2018). Correction: How Do people become W.E.I.R.D.? migration reveals the cultural transmission mechanisms underlying variation in psychological processes. PLoS One, 13(8), e0203250. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203250
  • Miller, A. C., & Keenan, J. M. (2009). How word Reading skill impacts text memory: The centrality deficit and how domain knowledge can compensate. Annals of Dyslexia, 59(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-009-0025-x
  • Murphy, G., & Flynn, E. (2022). Deepfake false memories. Memory (Hove, England), 30(4), 480–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2021.1919715
  • Murphy, G., Lynch, L., Loftus, E., & Egan, R. (2021). Push polls increase false memories for fake news stories. Memory (Hove, England), 29(6), 693–707. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2021.1934033
  • Nash, R. A. (2018). False memories, nonbelieved memories, and the unresolved primacy of communication. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 41, e25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X17001455
  • Nisbett, R. E., & Masuda, T. (2003). Culture and point of view. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(19), 11163–11170. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1934527100
  • Nisbett, R. E., & Miyamoto, Y. (2005). The influence of culture: Holistic versus analytic perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(10), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.004
  • O'Donnell, R., & Chan, J. C. (2023). Does blatantly contradictory information reduce the misinformation effect? A Registered Report replication of Loftus (1979). Legal and Criminological Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12242.
  • Paz-Alonso, P. M., & Goodman, G. S. (2008). Trauma and memory: Effects of post-event misinformation, retrieval order, and retention interval. Memory (Hove, England), 16(1), 58–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210701363146
  • Peña, T., Maswood, R., Chen, M., & Rajaram, S. (2023). Memory for tweets versus headlines: Does message consistency matter? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 4068, 768–784. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4068
  • Pezdek, K., & Roe, C. (1995). The effect of memory trace strength on suggestibility. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 60(1), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1995.1034
  • Pillai, R. M., & Fazio, L. K. (2021). The effects of repeating false and misleading information on belief. WIREs Cognitive Science, 12(6), Article e1573. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1573
  • R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (2020). R foundation for statistical computing. Title: R Core Team.
  • Reyna, V. F., & Brainerd, C. J. (1995). Fuzzy-trace theory: An interim synthesis. Learning and Individual Differences, 7(1), 1–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/1041-6080(95)90031-4
  • Roediger, H. L. I. I. I., Jacoby, J. D., & McDermott, K. B. (1996). Misinformation effects in recall: Creating false memories through repeated retrieval. Journal of Memory and Language, 35(2), 300–318. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1996.0017
  • Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 580–591. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167294205014
  • Swallow, K. M., & Wang, Q. (2020). Culture influences how people divide continuous sensory experience into events. Cognition, 205, 104450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104450
  • Takarangi, M. K. T., Parker, S., & Garry, M. (2006). Modernising the misinformation effect: The development of a new stimulus set. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20(5), 583–590. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1209
  • Underwood, J., & Pezdek, K. (1998). Memory suggestibility as an example of the sleeper effect. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5(3), 449–453. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03208820
  • Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., & Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359(6380), 1146–1151. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9559
  • Wang, J., Otgaar, H., Santtila, P., Shen, X., & Zhou, C. (2021). How culture shapes constructive false memory. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 10(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.12.002
  • Wang, Q. (2009). Are Asians forgetful? Perception, retention, and recall in episodic remembering. Cognition, 111(1), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.01.004
  • Wang, Q. (2016). Remembering the self in cultural contexts: A cultural dynamic theory of autobiographical memory. Special issue: Memory and connection: Remembering the past and imagining the future in individuals, groups, and cultures. Memory Studies, 9(3), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698016645238
  • Wang, Q. (2018). Studying cognitive development in cultural context: A multi-levelanalysis approach. Developmental Review, 50, 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.03.002
  • Wang, Q. (2021). The cultural foundation of human memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 72(1), 151–179. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-070920-023638
  • Wang, Q. (2022). Memory online: Introduction to special issue. Memory (Hove, England), 30(4), 369–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2022.2065306
  • Wong, B. I., Yin, S., Yang, L., Li, J., & Spaniol, J. (2018). Cultural differences in memory for objects and backgrounds in pictures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(3), 404–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117748763
  • Wright, D. B., & Stroud, J. N. (1998). Memory quality and misinformation for peripheral and central objects. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 3(2), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8333.1998.tb00366.x
  • Wyler, H., & Oswald, M. E. (2016). Why misinformation is reported: Evidence from a warning and a source-monitoring task. Memory (Hove, England), 24(10), 1419–1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2015.1117641
  • Yeari, M., & Lantin, S. (2021). The origin of centrality deficit in text memory and comprehension by poor comprehenders: A think-aloud study. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 34(3), 595–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10083-9
  • Yeari, M., Oudega, M., & van den Broek, P. (2017). The effect of highlighting on processing and memory of central and peripheral text information: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Research in Reading, 40(4), 365–383. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12072

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.