References
- Allen, J. G. (2008). Coping with trauma: Hope through understanding. American Psychiatric Pub.
- Arbuthnott, K. D., Kealy, K. L., & Ylioja, S. (2008). Judgement of confidence in childhood memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology: The Official Journal of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 22(7), 953–978.
- Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge University Press.
- Belli, R. F. (2012). Introduction: In the aftermath of the so-called memory wars. In R. F. Belli (Ed.), True and false recovered memories: Toward a reconciliation of the debate (pp. 1–13). Springer.
- Blume, E. S. (1995). The ownership of truth. The Journal of Psychohistory, 23(2), 131.
- Brédart, S., & Bouffier, M. (2016). Nonbelieved memories in middle-aged and older people. Consciousness and Cognition, 42, 352–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.04.009
- Brewer, M. B., & Chen, Y. R. (2007). Where (who) are collectives in collectivism? Toward conceptual clarification of individualism and collectivism. Psychological Review, 114(1), 133–151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.114.1.133
- Brewer, W. F. (1996). What is recollective memory? In D. C. Rubin (Ed.), Remembering our past: Studies in autobiographical memory (pp. 19–66). Cambridge University Press.
- Burnell, R., Nash, R. A., Umanath, S., & Garry, M. (2022). Memories people no longer believe in can still affect them in helpful and harmful ways. Memory & Cognition, 1–17.
- Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (1993). Suggestibility of the child witness: A historical review and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 403–439. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.403
- Clark, A., Nash, R. A., Fincham, G., & Mazzoni, G. (2012). Creating non-believed memories for recent autobiographical events. PLoS One, 7(3), e32998. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032998
- Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review, 107(2), 261–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.107.2.261
- Crews, F. (1995). The memory wars: Freud’s legacy in dispute. Granta Books.
- de Rivera, J. (1997). The construction of false memory syndrome: The experience of retractors. Psychological Inquiry, 8(4), 271–292. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0804_1
- Essau, C. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., Lim, J. X., Moon-ho, R. H., & Rohde, P. (2018). Incidence, recurrence and comorbidity of anxiety disorders in four major developmental stages. Journal of Affective Disorders, 228, 248–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.014
- Gardner, R. A. (1992). True and false accusations of child sex abuse (pp. 639–680). Creative Therapeutics.
- Grattagliano, I., Corbi, G., Catanesi, R., Ferrara, N., Lisi, A., & Campobasso, C. P. (2014). False accusations of sexual abuse as a mean of revenge in couple disputes. La Clinica Terapeutica, 165(2), e119–e124.
- Han, J. J., Leichtman, M. D., & Wang, Q. (1998). Autobiographical memory in Korean, Chinese, and American children. Developmental Psychology, 34(4), 701–713. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.701
- Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106(4), 766–794. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.4.766
- Hoshino-Browne, E., Zanna, A. S., Spencer, S. J., Zanna, M. P., Kitayama, S., & Lackenbauer, S. (2005). On the cultural guises of cognitive dissonance: The case of easterners and westerners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(3), 294–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.3.294
- Howe, M. L., Wimmer, M. C., Gagnon, N., & Plumpton, S. (2009). An associative-activation theory of children’s and adults’ memory illusions. Journal of Memory and Language, 60(2), 229–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2008.10.002
- Hsu, F. L. K. (1981). Americans and Chinese: Passage to differences (3rd ed.). University of Hawaii Press.
- Ji, L. J., Peng, K., & Nisbett, R. E. (2000). Culture, control, and perception of relationships in the environment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(5), 943–955. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.5.943
- Lampinen, J. M., & Odegaard, T. N. (2006). Memory editing mechanisms. Memory (Hove, England), 14(6), 649–654. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210600648407
- Li, C., Otgaar, H., van Daele, T., Muris, P., Houben, S. T., & Bull, R. (2023). Investigating the memory reports of retractors regarding abuse. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 15(2), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2023a7
- Lindsay, D. S., Johnson, M. K., & Kwon, P. (1991). Developmental changes in memory source monitoring. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 52(3), 297–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(91)90065-Z
- Loftus, E. F. (1994). The repressed memory controversy. American Psychologist, 49(5), 443–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.5.443.b
- Loftus, E. F., & Davis, D. (2006). Recovered memories. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2(1), 469–498. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095315
- Lynn, S. J., McNally, R. J., & Loftus, E. F. (2023). The memory wars then and now: The contributions of Scott O. Lilienfeld. Clinical Psychological Science, 11(4), 725–743. https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221133034
- Magnusson, K. (2022). Interpreting Cohen's d effect size: An interactive visualization (Version 2.6.0) [Web App]. R Psychologist. https://rpsychologist.com/cohend/
- Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224–253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
- Mazzoni, G., & Kirsch, I. (2002). Autobiographical memories and beliefs: A preliminary metacognitive model. Applied Metacognition, 121–145.
- Mazzoni, G., Scoboria, A., & Harvey, L. (2010). Non-believed memories. Psychological Science, 21(9), 1334–1340. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610379865
- Nash, R. A., Wade, K. A., & Lindsay, D. S. (2009). Digitally manipulating memory: Effects of doctored videos and imagination in distorting beliefs and memories. Memory & Cognition, 37(4), 414–424. https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.37.4.414
- Ost, J. (2017). Adults’ retractions of childhood sexual abuse allegations: High-stakes and the (in)validation of recollection. Memory (Hove, England), 25(7), 900–909. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2016.1187757
- Ost, J., & Costall, A. (2002). Misremembering Bartlett: A study in serial reproduction. British Journal of Psychology, 93(2), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712602162562
- Ost, J., Costall, A., & Bull, J. (2001). False confessions and false memories: A model for understanding retractors' experiences. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 12(3), 549–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585180127393
- Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L., Patihis, L., Merckelbach, H., Lynn, S. J., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Loftus, E. F. (2019). The return of the repressed: The persistent and problematic claims of long-forgotten trauma. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(6), 1072–1095. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619862306
- Otgaar, H., Muris, P., Howe, M., & Merckelbach, H. (2017). What drives false memories in psychopathology? A case for associative activation. Clinical Psychological Science, 5(6), 1048–1069. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617724424
- Otgaar, H., Scoboria, A., & Mazzoni, G. (2014). On the existence and implications of nonbelieved memories. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(5), 349–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414542102
- Otgaar, H., Scoboria, A., & Smeets, T. (2013). Experimentally evoking nonbelieved memories for childhood events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39(3), 717–730. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029668
- Oyserman, D. (1993). The lens of personhood: Viewing the self, other and conflict in a multicultural society. Journal of Social Psychology, 65, 993–1009.
- Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3–72. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3
- Patihis, L., Ho, L., Loftus, E. F., & Herrera, M. (2018). Memory experts’ beliefs about repressed memory. Memory (Hove, England), 29(6), 823–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1532521
- Patihis, L., Ho, L. Y., Tingen, I. W., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Loftus, E. F. (2014). Are the “memory wars” over? A scientist-practitioner gap in beliefs about repressed memory. Psychological Science, 25(2), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613510718
- Pendergrast, M. (1996). Victims of memory: Incest accusations and shattered lives. Upper Access.
- Rohde, P., Lewinsohn, P. M., Klein, D. N., Seeley, J. R., & Gau, J. M. (2013). Key characteristics of major depressive disorder occurring in childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood, and adulthood. Clinical Psychological Science, 1(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702612457599
- Schuman, D. C. (1986). False accusations of physical and sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 14(1), 5–21.
- Scoboria, A., Boucher, C., & Mazzoni, G. (2015). Reasons for withdrawing belief in vivid autobiographical memories. Memory (Hove, England), 23(4), 545–562. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2014.910530
- Scoboria, A., Jackson, D. L., Talarico, J., Hanczakowski, M., Wysman, L., & Mazzoni, G. (2014). The role of belief in occurrence within autobiographical memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(3), 1242–1258. https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037/a0034110
- Scoboria, A., Mazzoni, G., Kirsch, I., & Relyea, M. (2004). Plausibility and belief in autobiographical memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18(7), 791–807. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1062
- Scoboria, A., Nash, R. A., & Mazzoni, G. (2017). Sub-types of nonbelieved memories reveal differential outcomes of challenges to memories. Memory (Hove, England), 25(7), 876–889. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2016.1203437
- Shakespeare, W., & Eisner, W. (2011). Distinctiveness and emotion in early memory development. In Oxford university press eBooks (pp. 107–136). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195381412.003.0016
- Sheen, M., Kemp, S., & Rubin, D. (2001). Twins dispute memory ownership: A new false memory phenomenon. Memory & Cognition, 29(6), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196407
- Sutton, J., Harris, C. B., Keil, P. G., & Barnier, A. J. (2010). The psychology of memory, extended cognition, and socially distributed remembering. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 9(4), 521–560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-010-9182-y
- Triandis, H. C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96(3), 506–520. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.96.3.506
- Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism & collectivism. Westview Press.
- Triandis, H. C. (1996). The psychological measurement of cultural syndromes. American Psychologist, 51(4), 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.51.4.407
- Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. Clarendon Press.
- Vanootighem, V., Moyse, E., & Brédart, S. (2019). Belief in memories may be relinquished as often for adulthood as for childhood events, but for different reasons. Memory (Hove, England), 27(5), 705–713. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1554081
- Wang, J., Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L., Smeets, T., Merckelbach, H., & Nahouli, Z. (2017). Undermining belief in false memories leads to less efficient problem-solving behaviour. Memory (Hove, England), 25(7), 910–921. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2016.1249888
- Wang, Q. (2001). Culture effects on adults’ earliest childhood recollection and self-description: Implications for the relation between memory and the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.220
- Wang, Q. (2004). The emergence of cultural self-constructs: Autobiographical memory and self-description in European American and Chinese children. Developmental Psychology, 40(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.1.3