Essential oil variation in Melissa officinalis L. cultivated under industrial field conditions: effects of different harvesting times and plant materials

References

• Mohasseli, V., Farbood, F. and Moradi, A. (2020). Antioxidant defense and metabolic responses of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) to Fe-nano-particles under reduced irrigation regimes. Ind. Crops Prod. 149: 112338. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112338
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamal Omidi, F., Mohajjel Shoja, H. and Sariri, R. (2018). Effect of water-deficit stress on secondary metabolites of Melissa officinalis L.: role of exogenous salicylic acid. Caspian J. Environ. Sci. 16 (2): 121-134.
   Google Scholar
• Nurzyńska-Wierdak, R., Zawiślak, G. and Papliński, R. (2023). Agronomic practices in lemon balm production under temperate climate conditions: raw material yield and active substances content. Agron. 13: 1433. doi: 10.3390/agronomy13051433
   Google Scholar
• Ghazizadeh, J., Mohammadinasab, R., Travica, N., Sadigh-Eteghad, S., Mohammadali, T., Hamedeyazdan, S., Fakhari, A. and Araj-khodaei, M. (2021). Historical course of neuropsychiatric effects of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) as a medicinal herb. Pharm. Sci. 28(2): 224-231.
   Google Scholar
• Tülek, Z., Alaşalvar, H., Başyiğit, B., Berktas, S., Salum, P., Erbay, Z., Telci, I. and Çam, M. (2020). Extraction optimization and microencapsulation of phenolic antioxidant compounds from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.): Instant soluble tea production. J. Food Process. Preserv. 45(1): e14995.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholey, A., Gibbs, A., Neale, C., Perry, N., Ossoukhova, A., Bilog, V., Kras, M., Scholz, C., Sass, M. and Buchwald-Werner, S. (2014). Anti-Stress Effects of Lemon Balm-Containing Foods. Nutrients. 6(11): 4805-4821. doi: 10.3390/nu6114805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalid, K.A., Hu, W. and Cai, W. (2008). The effects of harvesting and different drying methods on the essential oil composition of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.). J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants. 11(4): 342-349. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2008.10643639
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maleš, I., Pedisić, S., Zorić, Z., Elez-Garofulić, I., Repajić, M., You, L., Vladimir-Knežević, S., Butorac, D. and Dragović-Uzelac, V. (2022). The medicinal and aromatic plants as ingredients in functional beverage production. J. Funct. Foods. 96: 105210. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joukar, S. and Asadipour, H. (2015). Evaluation of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm) effects on heart electrical system. Res. Cardiovasc. Med. 4(2): e27013. doi: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.26233v2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abuhamdah, S. and Chazot, P.L. (2008). Lemon Balm and Lavender herbal essential oils: Old and new ways to treat emotional disorders? Anaesth. Intensive Care Med. 19(4): 221-226.
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy, D.O., Little, W. and Scholey, A.B. (2004). Attenuation of laboratory-induced stress in humans after acute administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm). Psychosom. Med. 66(4): 607-613. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000132877.72833.71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghazizadeh, J., Sadigh-Eteghad, S., Marx, W., Fakhari, A., Hamedeyazdan, S., Torbati, M., Taheri-Tarighi, S., Araj-khodae, M. and Mirghafourvand, M. (2021). The effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on depression and anxiety in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother. Res. 35(12): 6690-6705. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heshmati, J., Morvaridzadeh, M., Sepidarkish, M., Fazelian, S., Rahimlou, M., Omidi, A., Palmowski, A., Asadi, A. and Shidfar, F. (2020). Effects of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm) on cardio-metabolic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother. Res. 34(12): 3113-3123. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shakeri, A., Sahebkar, A. and Javadi, B. (2016). Melissa officinalis L.: A Review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J. Ethnopharmacol. 188: 204-228. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, M.J., Cho, S.Y., Bhuiyan, M.J.H., Kim, K.H. and Lee, S.J. (2010). Anti-diabetic effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil on glucose-and lipid-regulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic mice. Br. J. Nutr. 104: 180-188. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510001765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duke, J.A. (2007). The Garden Pharmacy: The Evidence for Lemon Balm. Altern. Complement. Ther. 13(4): 173-177. doi: 10.1089/act.2007.13403
   Google Scholar
• Çelebi, Ö., Fidan, H., Iliev, I., Petkova, N., Dincheva, I., Gandova, V., Stankov, S. and Stoyanova, A. (2023). Chemical composition, biological activities, and surface tension properties of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil. Turk. J. Agric. For. 47(1): 67-78. doi: 10.55730/1300-011X.3065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrysargyris, A., Petropoulos, S.A. and Tzortzakis, N. (2022). Essential oil composition and bioactive properties of lemon balm aerial parts as affected by cropping system and irrigation regime. Agron. 12: 649. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12030649
   Google Scholar
• Afsharypuor, S., Alijaniha, F., Mosaddegh, M., Naseri, M., Noorbala, A., Fallahi, F. and Montazeri, A. (2015). Essential oil constituents of leaf, flower and stem of Melissa officialis L. grown in Gonbad-Kavus (Iran). J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants. 18(2): 460-463. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2014.935047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma, N. and Shukla, S. (2015). Impact of various factors responsible for fluctuation in plant secondary metabolites. J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants. 2(4): 105-113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellami, I.H., Rebey, I.B., Sriti, J., Rahali, F.Z., Limam, F. and Marzouk, B. (2012). Drying Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) plants and its effects on content, chemical composition, and radical scavenging activity of the essential oil. Food Bioproc Tech. 5: 2978-2989. doi: 10.1007/s11947-011-0661-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, J. and Heindl, A. (2006). Drying of medicinal plants. In R. J. Bogers, L. E. Craker, and D. Lange (Eds.), Medicinal and aromatic plants (237-252). The Netherlands: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Chua, L.Y.W., Chong, C.H., Chua, B.L. and Figiel, A. (2019). Influence of drying methods on the antibacterial, antioxidant and essential oil volatile composition of herbs: a Review. Food. Bioproc. Tech. 12: 450-476. doi: 10.1007/s11947-018-2227-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aqeel, U., Aftab, T., Khan, M.M.A. and Naeem, M. (2023). Regulation of essential oil in aromatic plants under changing environment. J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants. 23: 100441.
   Google Scholar
• Said-Al Ahl, H., Sabra, A.S., Gendy, A.S.H. and Tess, A. (2018). Essential oil content and concentration of constituents of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) at different harvest dates. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants. 21(5): 1410-1417. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2018.1553636
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalid, K.A., Cai, W. and Ahmed, A.M.A. (2009). Effect of harvesting treatments and distillation methods on the essential oil of lemon balm and apple geranium plants. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants. 12(2): 120-130. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2009.10643701
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini Dehshiri, S.J., Emamat, M. and Amiri, M. (2022). A novel group BWM approach to evaluate the implementation criteria of blockchain technology in the automotive industry supply chain. Expert Syst. Appl. 198: 116826. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.116826
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice-Hall of India.
   Google Scholar
• Wynn, S.G. and Fougere, B. (2006). Veterinary herbal medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Gogoi, R., Sarma, N., Begum, T., Pandey, S.K. and Lal, M. (2020). North-East Indian Chromolaena odorata (L. King Robinson) aerial part essential oil chemical composition, pharmacological activities-neurodegenerative inhibitory and toxicity study. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants. 23(6): 1173-1191. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2020.1867009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British Pharmacopoeia. (2007). British pharmacopoeia. London: HMSO, 2; 137-138.
   Google Scholar
• Medjahed, F., Merouane, A., Saadi, A., Bader, A., Cioni, P. and Flamini, G. (2016). Chemical profile and antifungal potential of essential oils from leaves and flowers of Salvia algeriensis (Desf.): A comparative study. Chil. J. Agric. Res. 76: 195-200. doi: 10.4067/S0718-58392016000200009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibamoto, T. (1987). Retention indices in essential oil analysis. In capillary gas chromatography in essential oil analysis, Sandra P, Bichi C (eds). Alfred Heuthig: New York, 259-275.
   Google Scholar
• Yavari, A., Raheb, A. and Norouzi, M. (2023). Comparison in essential oil of Rosa damascena Mill. during harvest period under calcareous soil conditions. J. Plant Proc. Fun. 12(55): 91-97.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, N.W. (1990). Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicon and carbowax 20M phases. Journal of Chromatography. 503: 1-24. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81487-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. vol. 456. 4th ed. Allured pub corp, Carol Stream, Illinois, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Hammer, Ø., Harper, D.A.T. and Ryan, P.D. (2001). PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol. Electron. 4(1): 9.
   Google Scholar
• Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H. and Hussien, M.S. (2016). Effect of drying period and harvesting times on herb, essential oil content and its constituent’s from different parts of Melissa officinalis. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 8(5): 919-933.
   Google Scholar
• Zeljković, S.Ć., Smékalová, K., Kaffková, K. and Štefelová, N. (2021). Influence of post-harvesting period on quality of thyme and spearmint essential oils. J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants. 25: 100335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohloff, J., Dragland, S., Mordal, R. and Iversen, T. (2005). Effect of harvest time and drying method on biomass production, essential oil yield, and quality of peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 53(10): 4143-4148. doi: 10.1021/jf047998s
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma, R.S. and Padalia, R.C. (2015). A Chauhan, Evaluation of essential oil quality of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) grown in two locations of northern India. J. Essent. Oil Res. 27(5): 412-416. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2015.1015692
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosge, B., Ipek, A. and Gurbus, B. (2009). GC/MS analysis of herbage essential oil from lemon balms (Melissa officinalis L.) grown in Turkey. J. Appl. Biol. Sci. 3(2): 136-139.
   Google Scholar
• Moghaddam, M. and Mehdizadeh, L. (2017). Chemistry of essential oils and factors influencing their constituents. Soft Chemistry and Food Fermentation; Handbook of Food Bioengineering. 379-419. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-811412-4.00013-8
   Google Scholar
• Barra, A. (2009). Factors affecting chemical variability of essential oils: a review of recent developments. Nat. Prod. Commun. 4(8): 1147-1154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argyropoulos, D. and Müller, G. (2014). Changes of essential oil content and composition during convective drying of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Ind. Crops Prod. 52: 118-124. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo, M. and Honermeier, B. (2017). Effect of shading on leaf yield, plant parameters, and essential oil content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants. 7: 27-34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böttcher, H., Günther, I. and Franke, R. (2000). Physiological postharvest response of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Zeitschrift für Arznei- & Gewürzpflanzen. 5: 145-153.
   Google Scholar
• Hallahan, D.L. (2000). Advances in botanical research. Vol. 31. Monoterpenoid biosynthesis in glandular trichomes of labiate plants. 77-120.
   Google Scholar
• Belhattab, R., Larous, L., Figueiredo, A.C., Santos, P.A.G., Costa, M.M., Barroso, J.G. and Pedro, L.G. (2006). Essential oil composition and glandular trichomes of Marrubium vulgare L. growing wild in Algeria. J. Essent. Oil Res. 18(4): 369-373. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2006.9699116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliani, C., Ascrizzi, R., Tani, C., Bottoni, M., Maleci Bini, L., Flamini, G. and Fico, G. (2017). Salvia uliginosa Benth.: Glandular trichomes as bio-factories of volatiles and essential oil. Flora. 233: 12-21. doi: 10.1016/j.flora.2017.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karray-Bouraoui, N., Rabhi, M., Neffati, M., Baldan, B., Ranieri, A., Marzouk, B., Lachaâl, M. and Smaoui, A. (2009). Salt effect on yield and composition of shoot essential oil and trichome morphology and density on leaves of Mentha pulegium. Ind. Crops Prod. 30(3): 338-343. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.06.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stojičić, D., Tošić, S., Stojanović, G., Zlatković, B., Jovanović, S., Budimir, S. and Uzelac, B. (2022). Volatile organic compound composition and glandular trichome characteristics of in vitro propagated Clinopodium pulegium (Rochel) Bräuchler: effect of carbon source. Plants. 11: 198. doi: 10.3390/plants11020198
   Google Scholar
• Rehman, R., Hanif, M.A., Mushtaq, Z., Mochona, B. and Qi, X. (2016). Biosynthetic factories of essential oils: the aromatic plants. Nat. Prod. Chem. Res. 4: 227. doi: 10.4172/2329-6836.1000227
   Google Scholar
• Koley, S., Grafahrend-Belau, E., Raorane, M.L. and Junker, B.H. (2020). The mevalonate pathway contributes to monoterpene production in peppermint. bioRxiv. 124016.
   Google Scholar
• Kandi, S., Godishala, V., Rao, P. and Ramana, K.V. (2015). Biomedical significance of terpenes: an insight. Biomedicine. 3: 8-10.
   Google Scholar
• Kumari, R. and Agrawal, S.B. (2010). Supplemental UV-B induced changes in leaf morphology, physiology and secondary metabolites of an Indian aromatic plant Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Staph under natural field conditions. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 67(5): 655-675. doi: 10.1080/00207233.2010.513828
   Google Scholar
• Saeidnejad, A., Kafi, M., Khazaei, H. and Pessarakli, M. (2016). Combined effects of drought and UV stress on quantitative and qualitative properties of Bunium persicum. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants. 19(7): 1729-1739. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2016.1156032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaid, A., Ahmad, B. and Wani, S.H. (2021). Medicinal and aromatic plants under abiotic stress: a crosstalk on phytohormones’ perspective. Plant Growth Regul. 115-132. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-61153-8_5
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell, M.M., Robberecht, R. and Billings, W.D. (1980). A Steep latitudinal gradient of solar Ultraviolet-B radiation in the Arctic-Alpine life zone. Ecology. 61: 600-611. doi: 10.2307/1937426
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioannidis, D., Bonner, L. and Johnson, C.B. (2002). UV-B is required for normal development of oil glands in Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil). Ann. Bot. 90: 453-460. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcf212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suchar, V.A. and Robberecht, R. (2016). Integration and scaling of UV-B radiation effects on plants: from molecular interactions to whole plant responses. Ecol. Evol. 6(14): 4866-4884. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, W.J. and Björn, L.O. (2009). The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the accumulation of medicinal compounds in plants. Fitoterapia. 80: 207-218. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazzoumi, Z., Moustakime, Y. and Joutei, K.A. (2014). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA), indole acetic acid (IAA) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the synthesis of essential oils and the isomerization of methyl chavicol and trans-anethole in Ocimum gratissimum L. SpringerPlus. 3: 321. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-321
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kakani, V.G., Reddy, K.R., Zhao, D. and Mohammed, A.R. (2003). Effects of Ultraviolet-B radiation on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) morphology and anatomy. J. Bot. 91: 817-826.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, G. (2014). The UV-B photoreceptor UVR8: from structure to physiology. Plant Cell. 26: 21-37. doi: 10.1105/tpc.113.119446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goto, E. (2021). Plant production in a closed plant factory with artificial lighting. Acta Hortic. 956: 37-49.
   Google Scholar
• Abdellatif, F. and Hassani, A. (2015). Chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves of Melissa officinalis extracted by hydrodistillation, steam distillation, organic solvent and microwave hydrodistillation. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 6(1): 207-213.
   Google Scholar
• Abdel-Naime, W.A., Fahim, J.R., Fouad, M.A. and Kamel, M.S. (2019). Antibacterial, antifungal, and GC-MS studies of Melissa officinalis. S. Afr. J. Bot. 124: 228-234. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdellatif, F., Akram, M., Begaa, S., Messaoudi, M., Benarfa, A., Egbuna, C., Ouakouak, H., Hassani. A., Sawicka, B. and Elbossaty, W.F.M. (2021). Minerals, essential oils, and biological properties of Melissa officinalis L. Plants. 10(6): 1066. doi: 10.3390/plants10061066
   Google Scholar
• Mohammadi, H., Mousavi, Z., Hazrati, S., Aghaee, H., Bovand, F. and Brestic, M. (2023). Foliar applied titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) modulate growth, physiological and phytochemical traits in Melissa officinalis L. under various light intensities. Ind. Crops Prod. 197: 116642. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116642
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharafzadeh, S., Khosh-Khui, M. and Javidnia, K. (2011). Effect of nutrients on essential oil components, pigments and total phenolic content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Adv. Environ. Biol. 5(4): 639-646.
   Google Scholar
• Avci, A.B. and Giachino, R.R.A. (2016). Harvest stage effects on some yield and quality characteristics of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Ind. Crops Prod. 88: 23-27. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma, R.S., Padalia, R.C. and Chauhan, A. (2015). Evaluation of essential oil quality of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) grown in two locations of northern India. J. Essent. Oil Res. 27(5): 412-415. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2015.1015692
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouyanfar, E., Hadian, J., Akbarzade, M., Hatami, M., Kanani, M., and Ghorbanpour, M. (2018). Analysis of phytochemical and morphological variability in different wild-and agro-ecotypic populations of Melissa officinalis L. growing in northern habitats of Iran. Ind. Crops Prod. 112: 262-273. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kittler, J., Krüger, H., Lohwasser, U., Ulrich, D., Zeiger, B., Schütze, W., Böttcher, Ch., Gudi, G., Kästner, U. and Marthe, F. (2018). Evaluation of 28 balm and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) accessions for content and composition of essential oil and content of rosmarinic acid. Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol. 65: 745-757. doi: 10.1007/s10722-017-0568-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souihi, M., Amri, I., Souissi, A., Hosni, K., Ben Brahim, N. and Annabi, M. (2020). Essential oil and fatty acid composition of Melissa officinalis L. Progress in Nutrition. 22(1): 253-258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar