Pelargonium graveolens L., (Geranium) essential oil from Northeast India: chemical composition, pharmacology and genotoxicity study

References

• Jim, B., and Brawner, F. (1996). Scented geraniums: knowing, growing and enjoying scented Pelargoniums, (Loveland, Co: Interweave Press).
   Google Scholar
• Džamić, A.M., Soković, M.D., Ristić, M.S., Grujić, S.M., Mileski, K.S., and Marin, P.D. (2014).Chemical composition, antifungal and antioxidant activity of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 4(3): 001-005.
   Google Scholar
• Pandey, P., Upadhyay, R.K., Singh, V.R., Padalia, R.C., Kumar, R., Venkatesha, K.T., Tiwari, A.K., Singh, S., and Tewari, S.K. (2020). Pelargonium graveolens L. (Rose-scented geranium): New hope for doubling Indian farmers’ income. Environ. Conserv. J. 21 (1&2): 141-146.
   Google Scholar
• Narnoliya, L.K., Kaushal, G., Singh, S.P., and Sangwan, R.S. (2017). De novo transcriptome analysis of rose-scented geranium provides insights into the metabolic specificity of terpene and tartaric acid biosynthesis. BMC Genomics. 18(1):74 doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-3437-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Narnoliya, L.K., Sangwan, R.S., and Singh, S.P. (2018). Transcriptome mining and in silico structural and functional analysis of ascorbic acid and tartaric acid biosynthesis pathway enzymes in rose-scanted geranium. Mol. Biol. Rep. 45(3): 315-326. doi: 10.1007/s11033-018-4164-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jadaun, J.S., Sangwan, N.S., Narnoliya, L.K., Singh, N., Bansal, S., Mishra, B., and Sangwan, R.S. (2017). Over-expression of DXS gene enhances terpenoidal secondary metabolite accumulation in rose-scented geranium and Withania somnifera: active involvement of plastid isoprene genic pathway in their biosynthesis. Physiol. Plant. 159(4): 381-400. doi: 10.1111/ppl.12507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalali-Heravi, M., Zekavat, B., and Sereshti, H. (2006). Characterization of essential oil components of Iranian geranium oil using gas chromatography mass spectrometry combined with chemometric resolution techniques. J. Hromatograph. 1114(1): 154-163. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeon, J.H., Kim, H.W., Kim, M.G., and Lee, H.S. (2008). Mite control activities of active constituents isolated from Pelargonium graveolens against house dust mite. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18(10): 1666–1671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narnoliya, L.K., Jadaun, J.S., and Singh, S.P. (2019). The phytochemical composition, biological effects and biotechnological approaches to the production of high-value essential oil from geranium. Essent. Oil Res. 327-352. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-16546-8_12
   Google Scholar
• Fayed, S.A. (2009). Antioxidant and anticancer activities of Citrus reticulate (Petitgrain Mandarin) and Pelargonium graveolens (Geranium) essential oils. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 5: 740–747.
   Google Scholar
• Dimitrova, M., Mihaylova, D., Popova, A., Alexieva, J., Sapundzhieva, T., and Fidan, H. (2015). Phenolic profile, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Pelargonium graveolens leaves’ extracts. Sci. Bull. Ser. F. Biotechnol. 19: 130-135.
   Google Scholar
• Hsouna, A.B., and Hamdi, N. (2012). Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils and organic extracts from Pelargonium graveolens growing in Tunisia. Lipids Health Dis. 11: 167. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-11-167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouzenna, H., and Krichen, L. (2013). Pelargonium graveolens L’Her. and Artemisia arborescens L. essential oils: Chemical composition, antifungal activity against Rhizoctoniasolani and insecticidal activity against Rhysopertha dominica. Nat. Prod. Res. 27: 841-846. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2012.711325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boukhris, M., Bouaziz, M., Feki, I., Jemai, H., El-Feki, A., and Sayadi, S. (2012). Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of leaf essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis. 11: 81. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-11-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastani, M., Mousavi, Z., Asgarpanah, J., and Assar, N. (2019). Biochemical and histopathological evidence for beneficial effects of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil on the rat model of inflammatory bowel disease. Res. J. Pharmacogn. 6: 77-84.
   Google Scholar
• Sangwan, N.S., Farooqi, A.H.A., Shabih, F., and Sangwan, R.S. (2001). Regulation of essential oil production in plants. Plant. Growth. Regulat. 34: 3-21. doi: 10.1023/A:1013386921596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shawl, A.S., Kumar, T., Chishti, N., and Shabir, S. (2006). Cultivation of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) as acash crop in a Kashmir Valley. Asian J. Plant Scien. 5(4): 673-675. doi: 10.3923/ajps.2006.673.675
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, A., Machmuah, S.B., Roy, B.C., Goto, M., Sasaki, M., and Hirose, T. (2005). Extraction of essential oil from geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) with supercritical carbon dioxide. J. Chemical Technol. Biotechnol. 81(2): 167-672. doi: 10.1002/jctb.1375
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taher, Y.A. (2012). Antinociceptive activity of Mentha piperita leaf aqueous extract in mice. Libyan J. Med. 7: 16205. doi: 10.3402/ljm.v7i0.16205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gogoi, R., Loying, R., Sarma, N., Munda, S., Pandey, S.K., and Lal, M. (2018). A comparative study on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, geno-toxicity, anti-microbial activities and chemical composition of fruit and leaf essential oils of Litsea cubeba Pers from North-east India. Ind. Crops Prod. 125: 131-139. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gogoi, R., Loying, R., Sarma, N., Begum, T., Pandey, S.K., and Lal, M. (2020). Comparative analysis of in-vitro biological activities of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., leaf essential oil with pure methyl eugenol compound. Current Pharmaceut. Biotechnol. 21(10): 927-938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gogoi, R., Begum, T., Sarma, N., Pandey, S.K., Bhandari, S., Saikia, S., Tamang, R., Saikia, S., and Lal, M. (2022). Elemicin-rich Cymbopogon khasianus (Hack) Stapf (ex Bor) essential Oil: Pharmacological effects, toxicological investigation, and compositional analysis. Curr. Analyt. Chem. 18(10): 1092-1107. doi: 10.2174/1573411018666220615140804
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lal, M., Begum, T., Gogoi, R., Sarma, N., Munda, S., Pandey, S.K., Baruah, J., Tamang, R., and Saikia, S. (2022). Anethole rich Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., essential oil pharmacology and genotoxic efficiencies. Scientific Report. 12: 9978. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13511-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merle, H., Morón, M., Blázquez, A.M., and Boira, H. (2004). Taxonomical contribution of essential oils in mandarins cultivars. Biochem. Systematic Eco. 32: 491–497. doi: 10.1016/j.bse.2003.09.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulcin, I., Mshvildadze, V., Gepdiremen, A., and Elias, R. (2006). The antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of Hedera colchica: 3-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin. Phytother. Res. 20 (2): 130-134. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borah, A., Paw, M., Gogoi, R., Loying, R., Sarma, N., Munda, S., and Lal, M. (2019). Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and in-vitro cytotoxic efficacy of essential oil of Curcuma caesia Roxb. leaves: An endangered medicinal plant of North East India. Ind. Crops Prod. 129: 448-454. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.12.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, J., Zhang, X., Bi, Y., Miao, R., Zhang, Z., and Su, H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of cumin essential oil by blocking JNK, ERK, and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Evidence-Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2015: 474509.
   Google Scholar
• James, S.K., Oldgren, J., Lindbäck, J., Johnston, N., Siegbahn, A., and Wallentin, L. (2005). An acute inflammatory reaction induced by myocardial damage is superimposed on a chronic inflammation in unstable coronary artery disease. Amer. Heart J. 149(4): 619-626. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khazaeli, P., Goldoozian, R., and Sharififar, F. (2009). An evaluation of extracts of five traditional medicinal plants from Iran on the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity and scavenging of free radicals. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 31(5): 375-381. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00503.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okalebo, J.R., Gathua, K.W., and Woomer, P.L. (2002). Laboratory methods of soil and plant analysis: A working manual. 2nd Edition. TSBF-CIAT & SACRED Africa, Kenya.
   Google Scholar
• Begum, T., Gogoi, R., Sarma, N., Pandey, S.K., and Lal, M. (2022). Direct sunlight and partial shading alter the quality, quantity, biochemical activities of Kaempferia parviflora Wall., ex Baker rhizome essential oil: A high industrially important species. Ind. Crops Prod. 180: 114765. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114765
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodner, K.L., (2008). Practical retention index models of OV-101, DB-1, DB-5, and DB-Wax for flavor and fragrance compounds. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 41(6): 951-958. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2007.07.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovats, E. (1965). Gas chromatographic characterization of organic substancesin the retention index system. Adv. Chromatogr. 1: 229-247.
   Google Scholar
• Adam, R.P. (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 4th Ed. Allured Publishing Corporation, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Pandey, S.K., Gogoi, R., Bhandari, S., Sarma, N., Begum, T., Munda, S., and Lal, M. (2022). A comparative study on chemical composition, pharmacological potential and toxicity of Pogostemon cablin Linn., (Patchouli) flower and leaf essential oil. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants. 25(1): 160-179. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2021.2013325
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain, N., Aggarwal, K.K., Syamasundar, K.V., Srivastava, S.K., and Kumar, S. (2001). Essential oil composition of geranium (Pelargonium sp.) from the plains of Northern India. Flav. Frag. J. 16: 44-46. doi: 10.1002/1099-1026(200101/02)16:1<44::AID-FFJ943>3.0.CO;2-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barra, A. (2008). Factors affecting chemical variability of essential oils: a review of recent developments. Nat. Prod. Commun. 4(8): 1147-1154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Mijalli, S.H., Mrabti, H.N., Assaggaf, H., Attar, A.A., Hamed, M., Baaboua, A.E., Omari, N.E., Menyiy, N.E., Hazzoumi, Z., and Sheikh, R.A., et al. (2022). Chemical profiling and biological activities of Pelargonium graveolens essential oils at three different phenological stages. Plants. 11: 2226. doi: 10.3390/plants11172226
   Google Scholar
• Wei, L., Yang, H., Li, H., Zhu, M., Mi, S., Lu, Q., Liu, M., and Zu, Y. (2022). Comparison of chemical composition and activities of essential oils from fresh leaves of Pelargonium graveolens L′Herit. extracted by hydrodistillation and enzymatic pretreatment combined with a solvent-free microwave extraction method. Ind. Crops Prod. 186: 115204. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghannadi, A., Bagherinejad, M., Abedi, D., Jalali, M., Absalan, B., and Sadeghi, N. (2012). Antibacterial activity and composition of essential oils from Pelargonium graveolens L’Her and Vitexagnus castus L. Iran. J. Microbiol. 4: 171–176.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mnif, W., Dhifi, W., Jelali, N., Baaziz, H., Hadded, A., and Hamdi, N. (2011). Characterization of leaves essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens originating from Tunisia: Chemical composition, antioxidant and biological activities. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants. 14: 761–769. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2011.10644001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharopov, F.S., Zhang, H., and Setzer, W.N. (2014). Composition of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) essential oil from Tajikistan. Am. J. Essent. Oils Nat. Prod. 2: 13-16.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, C.B., Kirby, J., Naxakis, G., and Pearson, S. (1999). Substantial UV-mediated induction of essential oils in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Phytochem. 51: 507-510. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00767-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boira, H., and Blanquer, A. (1998). Environmental factors affecting chemical variability of essential oils in Thymus piperella L. Biochem. Systemat. Ecol. 26: 811-822. doi: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00047-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palà-Paul, J., Usano-Alemany, J., Soria, A.C., Pèrez-Alonso, M., and Brophy, J.J. (2008). Essential oil composition of Erygium campestre L. growing in different soil types. A preliminary study. Nat. Prod. Commun. 3: 1121-1126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De-Feo, V., Bruno, M., Tahiri, B., Napolitano, F., and Senatore, F. (2003). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from Thymus spinulosus Ten (Laminaceae). J. Agri. Food Chem. 51: 3849-3853. doi: 10.1021/jf021232f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robles, C, and Garzino, S. (1999). Infraspecific variability in the essential oil composition of Cistus monspeliensis leaves. Phytochem. 53: 71-75. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00460-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ElHadj-Ali, I.B., Tajini, F., Boulila, A., Jebri, M.A., Boussaid, M., Messaoud, C., and Sebai, H. (2020). Bioactive compounds from Tunisian Pelargonium graveolens (L’H ́er.) essential oils and extracts: α-amylase and acethylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities. Ind. Crops. Prod. 158: 112951. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112951
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahamad, J., and Uthirapathy, S. (2021). Chemical characterization and antidiabetic activity of essential oils from Pelargonium graveolens leaves. ARO-The Scient. J. Koya Unive. 9(1): 10791.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohani, A., Mishra, A.K., and Verma, A. (2019). Cosmeceutical potential of geranium and calendula essential oil: Determination of antioxidantactivity and In-vitro sun protection factor. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 18: 550-557. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahmy, M.A., Farghaly, A.A., Hassan, E.M., Hassan, E.E., Hassan, Z.M., and Mahmoud, K.M. (2022). Essential oil from Pelargonium graveolens shows anticancer activity and ameliorates the DNA damage and genotoxicity of doxorubicin in mice. Egypt. J. Chem. 66(2): 543-552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar