Safer and resilient schools in seismic regions: a systems perspective

References

• Agarwal, J. 2015. “Improving Resilience Through Vulnerability Assessment and Management.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 32 (1–2): 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2015.1025065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal, J., R. Parajuli, M. Xanthou, and A. G. Sextos. 2023. “SAFER: Improving Seismic Resilience of Schools and Educational Communities.” Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, ICASP14, 9-13 July 2023, Dublin.
   Google Scholar
• Berkes, F., and H. Ross. 2013. “Community Resilience: Toward an Integrated Approach.” Society and Natural Resources 26 (1): 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2012.736605.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blockley, D. 2013. “Do Civil Engineering Systems Need Systematising? Tackling Complexity – Top 10 Issues for Civil Engineering Systems.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 30 (3–4): 199–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2013.865019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blockley, D. 2020. “Practical Wisdom in an Age of Computerisation.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 37 (4): 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2020.1810675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blockley, D., J. Agarwal, and P. Godfrey. 2012. “Infrastructure Resilience for High-Impact Low-Chance Risks.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 165 (6): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.11.00046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruneau, M., S. Chang, R. Eguchi, G. C. Lee, T. D. O’Rourke, A. Reinhorn, M. Shinozuka, K. Tierney, W. Wallace, and D. Von Winterfeldt. 2003. “A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities.” Earthquake Spectra 19 (4): 733–752. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1623497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabinet Office. 2010. Sector Resilience Plan for Critical Infrastructure. Cabinet Office, London, UK, Crown copyright. Accessed October 2023. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/271335/sector-resilience-plan-2010.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Carmichael, D. G. 2020. “A Framework for a Civil Engineering Systems BOK.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 37 (4): 154–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2020.1815012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cimellaro, G. P., A. M. Reinhorn, and M. Bruneau. 2010. “Framework for Analytical Quantification of Disaster Resilience.” Engineering Structures 32 (11): 3639–3649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.08.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dias, P. 2023. “System Perspectives: Clarity through Examples” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 40(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2023.2293072.
   Google Scholar
• Dias, P., and P. Jowitt. 2020. “What is the Body of Knowledge for Engineers Involved with Civil Engineering Systems? – A 2020 Vision.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 37 (4): 149–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2020.1858065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Didier, M., M. Broccardo, S. Esposito, and B. Stojadinović. 2018. “A Compositional Demand/Supply Framework to Quantify the Resilience of Civil Infrastructure Systems (Re-CoDeS).” Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure 3 (2): 86–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2017.1364560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elms, D. 2015. “Improving Community Resilience to Natural Events.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 32 (1-2): 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2015.1011626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elms, D. 2020. “The Systems Stance.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 37 (4): 166–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2020.1820722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2017. FEMA P-1000: Safer, Stronger, Smarter: A Guide to Improving School Natural Hazard Safety. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_earthquakes_p-1000-safer-stronger-smarter-a-guide-to-improving-school-natural-hazard-safety_aug2017.pdf, accessed July 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Fellin, P. 1995. The Community and the Social Worker. 2nd ed. Itasca, Ill: F. E. Peacock Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, R., and B. Bekera. 2014. “A Metric and Frameworks for Resilience Analysis of Engineered and Infrastructure Systems.” Reliability Engineering and System Safety 12: 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.07.004
   Google Scholar
• GADRRRES. 2022. “Comprehensive School Safety Framework 2022-2030.” Accessed 16 October 2023. https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/comprehensive-school-safety-framework-2022-2030.
   Google Scholar
• Godfrey, P., J. Agarwal, and P. Dias. 2010. “Systems 2030 – Emergent Themes.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 27 (3): 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2010.489944.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godschalk, D. R. 2003. “Urban Hazard Mitigation: Creating Resilient Cities.” Natural Hazards Review 4 (3): 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2003)4:3(136)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of Nepal - National Planning Commission. 2015. Nepal Earthquake 2015 Report: Post Disaster Needs Assessment. Accessed July 2023. http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/SAR/nepal-pdna-executive-summary.pdf%0Ahttp://gfdrr.org/gfdrr/pdna.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, D., and J. E. Ramirez-Marquez. 2012. “Generic Metrics and Quantitative Approaches for System Resilience as a Function of Time.” Reliability Engineering and System Safety 99 (2012): 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2011.09.002
   Google Scholar
• Heresi, P., and E. Miranda. 2017. “Quantitative Evaluation of New Strategies to Increase Seismic Resilience of Cities: A Shift of Current Paradigms.” 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, Chile, 9-13 January.
   Google Scholar
• Holling, C. S. 1973. “Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4 (1): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245
   Google Scholar
• Hollnagel, E., D. Woods, and N. Leveson. 2006. Resilience Engineering. Aldershot, Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Hosseini, S., K. Barker, and J. E. Ramirez-Marquez. 2016. “A Review of Definitions and Measures of System Resilience.” Reliability Engineering and System Safety 145: 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.08.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IFC. 2010. Disaster and Emergency Preparedness: Guidance for Schools. International Finance Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• IFRC. 2016. Road Map to Community Resilience: Operationalizing the Framework for Community Resilience. Accessed July 2023. https://www.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/1310403-Road-Map-to-Community-Resilience-Final-Version_EN-08.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• ISO. 2009. Risk Management – Vocabulary. 1st ed. London, UK: BSI, Guide 73.
   Google Scholar
• Jowitt, P. 2010. “A Systems Journey – With the Systems Boys.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 27 (3): 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2010.507268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jowitt, P. 2020. “Systems and Sustainability.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 37 (4): 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2020.1839892.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilanitis, I., and A. G. Sextos. 2019. “Integrated Seismic Risk and Resilience Assessment of Roadway Networks in Earthquake Prone Areas.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 17 (1): 181–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0457-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koliou, M., J. W. van de Lindt, T. P. McAllister, B. R. Ellingwood, M. Dillard, and H. Cutler. 2020. “State of the Research in Community Resilience: Progress and Challenges.” Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure 5 (3): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2017.1418547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leipold, B., and W. Greve. 2009. “Resilience: A Conceptual Bridge Between Coping and Development.” European Psychologist 14 (1): 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.14.1.40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magis, K. 2010. “Community Resilience: An Indicator of Social Sustainability.” Society & Natural Resources 23 (5): 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920903305674
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masterton, G. G. T., and P. Jeffrey. 2020. “Integrating the Liberal Arts Into the Body of Knowledge for Civil Engineering Systems Engineers.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 37 (4): 234–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2020.1832086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. 2017. Protecting Students and Schools from Earthquakes: The Seven OECD Principles for School Seismic Safety.
   Google Scholar
• Opabola, E. A., C. Galasso, T. Rossetto, E. Meilianda, Y. Idris, and S. Nurdin. 2023. “Investing in Disaster Preparedness and Effective Recovery of School Physical Infrastructure.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 90: 103623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103623
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parajuli, R. R., J. Agarwal, M. Xanthou, and A. G. Sextos. 2020. “Resilience of Educational Communities in Developing Countries: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach.” 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Parajuli, R. R., M. G. Xanthou, J. Agarwal, and A. G. Sextos. 2022. “Smart Tools for Self-Assessing Community Resilience in Seismic Regions: A Case Study from Nepal.” 3rd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, Bucharest, 4–9 September.
   Google Scholar
• Ranghieri, F., and M. Ishiwatari. 2014. Learning from Megadisasters: Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake. World Bank Group.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, A. 2004. “Defining and Measuring Economic Resilience to Disasters.” Disaster Prevention and Management 13 (4): 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560410556528
   Google Scholar
• Senge, P. 2006. The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. London: Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Sextos, A. G., and C. Mason. 2021. Seismic Safety and Resilience of Schools in Nepal (SAFER) – Technical Manual and User’s Guide. Bristol: University of Bristol.
   Google Scholar
• Sharifi, A. 2016. “A Critical Review of Selected Tools for Assessing Community Resilience.” Ecological Indicators 69: 629–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.05.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, W., P. Bocchini, and B. D. Davison. 2020. “Resilience Metrics and Measurement Methods for Transportation Infrastructure: The State of the Art.” Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure 5 (3): 168–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2018.1448663.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNCRD. 2009. Reducing Vulnerabilities of School Children to Earthquakes. United Nations Centre for Regional Development.
   Google Scholar
• Ungar, M. 2011. “Community Resilience for Youth and Families: Facilitative Physical and Social Capital in Contexts of Adversity.” Children and Youth Services Review 33 (9): 1742–1748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNICEF. n.d. “Human Centred Design.” Accessed October 2023. https://www.unicef.org/innovation/hcd.
   Google Scholar
• UNISDR. 2005. “Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015.” https://www.unisdr.org/2005/wcdr/intergover/official-doc/L-docs/Hyogo-framework-for-action-english.pdf, accessed October 2023.
   Google Scholar
• UNISDR. 2009. Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. United Nations. Accessed July 2023. http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• UNISDR. 2017. “Comprehensive School Safety Framework.” Accessed 16 October 2023. https://www.undrr.org/publication/comprehensive-school-safety-framework-2017.
   Google Scholar
• Winderl, T. 2014. “Disaster Resilience Measurements.” United Nations Development Programme. Accessed October 2023. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/37916_disasterresiliencemeasurementsundpt.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Xanthou, M. G. 2018. “A Tale of Two Resilient Cities: Regional Interaction of Population, Environment, and Resources in Olynthus and Potidaea.” EAUH Conference, Session M01. Cities in Resilience in the Graeco-Roman World, 13th c. B.C. - 4th c. A.D. Rome August 29-September 1.
   Google Scholar