Practicing Confidence: An Autoethnographic Exploration of the First Years as Physicians

References

• Epstein RM, Hundert EM. Defining and assessing professional competence. Jama. 2002;287(2):226–235. doi:10.1001/jama.287.2.226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clanton J, Gardner A, Cheung M, Mellert L, Evancho-Chapman M, George RL. The relationship between confidence and competence in the development of surgical skills. J Surg Educ. 2014;71(3):405–412. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.08.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elfenbein DM. Confidence crisis among general surgery residents: a systematic review and qualitative discourse analysis. JAMA Surg. 2016;151(12):1166–1175. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.2792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edgar L, McLean S, Hogan SO, Hamstra S, Holmboe ES. 2020. The Milestones Guidebook. Chicago: Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME).
   Google Scholar
• Gottlieb M, Chan TM, Zaver F, Ellaway R. Confidence‐competence alignment and the role of self-confidence in medical education: A conceptual review. Med Educ. 2022;56(1):37–47. doi:10.1111/medu.14592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart J, O’Halloran C, Barton JR, Singleton SJ, Harrigan P, Spencer J. Clarifying the concepts of confidence and competence to produce appropriate self-evaluation measurement scales. Med Educ. 2000;34(11):903–909. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00728.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlSohime F, NurHussen A, Temsah M-H, et al. Factors that influence the self-reported confidence of pediatric residents as team leaders during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a national survey. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2018;5(3):116–121. doi:10.1016/j.ijpam.2018.07.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sclafani A, Currier P, Chang Y, Eromo E, Raemer D, Miloslavsky EM. Internal medicine residents’ exposure to and confidence in managing hospital acute clinical events. J Hosp Med. 2019;14(4):218–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavinski K, Cleveland E, Didwania AK, Feinglass JM, Sulistio MS. Relationship between confidence, gender, and career choice in internal medicine. J Gen Intern Med. 2021;36(3):662–667. doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06221-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason S, O’Keeffe C, Carter A, Stride C. A longitudinal study of well-being, confidence and competence in junior doctors and the impact of emergency medicine placements. Emerg Med J. 2016;33(2):91–98. doi:10.1136/emermed-2014-204514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lönnbro J, Nylén K, Wallerstedt SM. Developing professional confidence in the art of prescribing—a randomized controlled study on structured collegial discussions during internship. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;75(5):687–696. doi:10.1007/s00228-018-02619-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raheemullah A, Andruska N, Saeed M, Kumar P. Improving residency education on chronic pain and opioid use disorder: Evaluation of CDC guideline-based education. Subst Use Misuse. 2020;55(4):684–690. doi:10.1080/10826084.2019.1691600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binenbaum G, Musick DW, Ross HM. The development of physician confidence during surgical and medical internship. Am J Surg. 2007;193(1):79–85. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.07.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis DJ, Skaarup AM, Ringsted C. A pilot survey of junior doctors’ confidence in tasks related to broad aspects of competence. Med Teach. 2005;27(6):548–552. doi:10.1080/01421590500097067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr J. Confidence and humility: Our challenge to develop both during residency. Can Fam Physician. 2007;53(4):704–707.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lees MC, Zheng B, Daniels LM, White JS. Factors affecting the development of confidence among surgical trainees. J Surg Educ. 2019;76(3):674–683. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.10.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr J, Graffeo CS. Procedural experience and confidence among graduating medical students. J Surg Educ. 2016;73(3):466–473. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.11.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadel FM, Lavelle JM, Fein JA, Giardino AP, Decker JM, Durbin DR. Assessing pediatric senior residents’ training in resuscitation: fund of knowledge, technical skills, and perception of confidence. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2000;16(2):73–76. doi:10.1097/00006565-200004000-00001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrella A, Coret A, Regehr G, Farrell LM. Capturing the moments: An autoethnographic exploration of self-preservation in clerkship. Teaching and Learning in Medicine. 2021;33(5):463–472. doi:10.1080/10401334.2021.1887739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis C. 2004. The Ethnographic I: A Methodological Novel about Autoethnography. Walnut Creek, CA: Rowman Altamira.
   Google Scholar
• Chang H. 2008. Autoethnography as Method: Developing Qualitative Inquiry. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Farrell L, Bourgeois-Law G, Ajjawi R, Regehr G. An autoethnographic exploration of the use of goal oriented feedback to enhance brief clinical teaching encounters. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2017;22(1):91–104. doi:10.1007/s10459-016-9686-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngunjiri FW, Hernandez KAC, Chang H. Living autoethnography: Connecting life and research. J Res Pract. 2010;6(1):E1–E1.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis C, Adams TE, Bochner AP. Autoethnography: An overview. Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung. 2011;36(4):273–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang H, Ngunjiri F, Hernandez KAC. 2016. Collaborative Autoethnography. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Blalock AE, Akehi M. Collaborative autoethnography as a pathway for transformative learning. J Transformative Educ. 2018;16(2):89–107. doi:10.1177/1541344617715711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy R, Uekusa S. Collaborative autoethnography: “Self-reflection” as a timely alternative research approach during the global pandemic. Qual Res J. 2020;20(4):383–392. doi:10.1108/QRJ-06-2020-0054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Professional Association of Residents of Ontario (PARO). 2016-2020 PARO-CAHO agreement. https://myparo.ca/your-contract/. Accessed December 13, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Farrell L, Bourgeois-Law G, Regehr G, Ajjawi R. Autoethnography: introducing ‘I’ 37 into medical education research. Med Educ. 2015;49(10):974–982. doi:10.1111/medu.12761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapadat JC. Ethics in autoethnography and collaborative autoethnography. Qual Inq. 2017;23(8):589–603. doi:10.1177/1077800417704462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delamont S. The only honest thing: Autoethnography, reflexivity and small crises in fieldwork. Ethnogr Educ. 2009;4(1):51–63. doi:10.1080/17457820802703507.
   Google Scholar
• Holt NL. Representation, legitimation, and autoethnography: An autoethnographic writing story. Int J Qual Methods. 2003;2(1):18–28. doi:10.1177/160940690300200102.
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell B. Institutional review boards in qualitative research: Has it gone overboard? Can J Action Res. 2019;20(1):52–70.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Canada. 2018. Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans – TCPS 2. https://ethics.gc.ca/eng/policy-politique_tcps2-eptc2_2018.html. Accessed December 13, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Sikes P. 2015. Book Review: Stacy Holman Jones, Tony E. Adams and Carolyn Ellis (eds) Handbook of Autoethnography.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson E, Berlin A, Freeman G, Fuller J. Twelve tips for promoting significant 22 event analysis to enhance reflection in undergraduate medical students. Med Teach. 2002;24(2):121–124. doi:10.1080/01421590220125240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandars J. The use of reflection in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 44. Med Teach. 2009;31(8):685–695. doi:10.1080/01421590903050374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montenegro R. Microaggressions during medical training—Reply. Jama. 2016;316(10):1114–1114. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.11622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar