Growth and Coppicing Ability of the Critically Endangered Agarwood (Aquilaria Malaccensis Lam.) Tree in Monoculture and Polyculture in North East India

References

• Ali, S., & Kashem, M. A. (2019). An overview on growth and development of agar plant (Aquilaria malaccensis Roxb) through management practices in Bangladesh. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 6(7), 6–11. https://www.ijraf.org/papers/v6-i7/2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Borogayary, B., Das, A. K., & Nath, A. J. (2018). Tree species composition and population structure of a secondary tropical evergreen forest in Cachar district, Assam. Journal of Environmental Biology, 39(1), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/39/1/MRN-487
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brahma, B., Nath, A. J., & Das, A. K. (2016). Managing rubber plantations for advancing climate change mitigation strategy. Current Science, 110(10), 2015–2019. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v110/i10/2015-2019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brahma, B., Nath, A. J., Sileshi, G. W., & Das, A. K. (2018). Estimating biomass stock and potential loss of biomass carbon through clear-felling of rubber plantations. Biomass & Bioenergy, 115, 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.04.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christopher, D., Douglas, G. C., Dupraz, C., Graves, A. R., Nahm, M., Paris, P., Sauter, U. H., Sheppard, J., & Spiecker, H. (2014). Alley coppice–a new system with ancient roots. Annals of Forest Science, 71(5), 527–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-014-0373-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CITES (2010). Appendix II of convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora. http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php
   Google Scholar
• Das, T., & Das, A. K. (2005). Inventorying plant biodiversity in homegardens: A case study in Barak Valley, Assam, North East India. Current Science, 89(1)., 155–163. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24110441.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das, T., & Das, A. K. (2014). Mapping and identification of homegardens as a component of tree outside forests using remote sensing and geographic information system. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 42(1), 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-013-0310-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das, M., Nath, P. C., Reang, D., Nath, A. J., & Das, A. K. (2020). Tree diversity and improved estimates of carbon storage for traditional agroforestry systems in North East India. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 8(4), 154–159. https://doi.org/10.12691/aees-8-4-2
   Google Scholar
• Devi, N. L., & Das, A. K. (2010). Plant species diversity in the traditional homegardens of Meitei community: A case study from Barak Valley, Assam. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 48(2), 45–48. http://jtropag.kau.in/index.php/ojs2/article/view/222/222#
   Google Scholar
• Dorji, L., Authors, L., Shrestha, A., Nightingale, A., Shrestha, K., & Watto, M. A. (2019). Governance: Key for environmental sustainability in The Hindu Kush Himalaya.In P. Wester, A. Mukherji, A. Shrestha, Eds., The Hindu Kush Himalaya assessment (pp.545–578). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_16
   Google Scholar
• Gebeyehu, G., Soromessa, T., Bekele, T., & Teketay, D. (2019). Species composition, stand structure, and regeneration status of tree species in dry Afromontane forests of Awi Zone, north western Ethiopia. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 5(1), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2019.1664938
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, S. (2018). Homegardens and polluted fields are helping conserve this perfume source. Mongabay. https://india.mongabay.com/2018/10/home-gardens-and-polluted-fields-are-helping-conserve-this-perfume-source/
   Google Scholar
• Girardclos, O., Duffraisse, A., Dupouey, J. L., Coubray, S., Ruelle, J., & Rathgeber, C. B. K. (2018). Improving identification of coppice and seeded trees in past woodland management by comparing growth and wood anatomy of living sessile Oaks (Quercus petraea). Quaternary International, 463(Part B), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.04.015
   Google Scholar
• Gopikumar, K., Vidyasagaran, K., Chandran, M., & Nandakumar, L. (2002). Coppicing behaviour of selected forest tree species. Indian Forester, 128(9), 971–975 https://indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/2629.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, N., Acosta, J. C. M., Jagals, P., Currie, D., Ossa-Moreno, J., Dean, A., Ross, H., Bowling, T, Hill, P., Head, B., Richards, R., Willis, J., Abal, E., & Cruz Lopez, D . (2016). Strengthening community participation in meeting UN sustainable development Goal 6 for water, sanitation and hygiene. Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21398.75849
   Google Scholar
• Hossen, S., & Hossain, M. K. (2016). Initial growth performance of agar (Aquilaria malaccensis) plantations at public and private sectors in Bangladesh. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 10(2), 871–876. https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.100216.106
   Google Scholar
• ISFR (2019). Indian state of forest report. ministry of environment forest and climate change, Uttarakhand.
   Google Scholar
• IUCN. (2009). Asian regional workshop (Conservation & sustainable management of trees, Vietnam), 1998. Aquilaria malaccensis. In IUCN.
   Google Scholar
• Joys, A. C., Fuller, R. J., & Dolman, P. M. (2004). Influences of deer browsing, coppice history, and standard trees on the growth and development of vegetation structure in coppiced woods in lowland England. Forest Ecology and Management, 202(1–3), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Käber, Y., Meyer, P., Stillhard, J., De Lombaerde, E., Zell, J., Stadelmann, G., Bugmann, H., & Bigler, C. (2021). Tree recruitment is determined by stand structure and shade tolerance with uncertain role of climate and water relations. Ecology and Evolution, 11(17), 12182–12203. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig, J., & Griffiths, A. (2012). The population ecology of two tropical trees, brachychiton diversifolius (Malvaceae) and Bombax ceiba (Bombaceae), harvested by indigenous woodcarvers in Arnhem Land, Australia. Environmental Management, 50(4), 555–565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9911-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. Y., & Mohammed, R. (2016). The origin and domestication of Aquilaria, an important agarwood-producing genus. In R. Nohammed (Ed.), Agarwood: Science behind the fragrance (pp. 175). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Matula, R., Svátek, M., Kurová, J., Úradnicek, L., Kadavy´, J., & Kneifl, M. (2012). The sprouting ability of the main tree species in Central European coppices: Implications for coppice restoration. European Journal of Forestry Research, 131(5), 1501–1511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-012-0618-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mir, A. H., Roy, D. K., & Upadhaya, K. (2017). Taxonomy, recollection and conservation implications of Aquilaria khasiana (Thymelaeaceae): An endemic and threatened species of India. Rheedea, 27(2), 85–89. https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2017.27.2.14
   Google Scholar
• Mohammed, R., Jong, P. L., & Zali, M. S. (2010). Fungal diversity in wounded stems of Aquilaria malaccensis. Fungal Diversity, 43(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0039-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naef, R. (2011). The volatile and semi-volatile constituents of agarwood, the infected heartwood of Aquilaria species: A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 26(2), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nath, P. C., Nath, A. J., Sileshi, G. W., & Das, A. K. (2020). Stand structure and functional attributes of agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.) based smallholder farms in Northeast India. Trees, Forests and People, 2, 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2020.100027
   Google Scholar
• NEDFCL (North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd.). (2020). North eastern data bank NEDFi House, G. S. Road. NEDFi House. https://databank.nedfi.com/content/assam
   Google Scholar
• Pandey, D. (2008). Trees outside forest (TOF) resources in India. International Forestry Review, 2(2), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1505/ifor.10.2.125
   Google Scholar
• Paoli, G. D., Peart, D. R., Leighton, M., & Samsoedin, I. (2001). An ecological and economic assessment of the non-timber forest product Gaharu wood in GunungPalung National Park, west Kalimantan, Indonesia. Conservation Biology, 15(6), 1721–1732. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.98586.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M., Nath, N. M., Sarker, S., Adnan, M., & Islam, M. (2015). Management and economic aspects of growing Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. in Bangladesh. Small-Scale Forestry, 14(4), 459–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-015-9298-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regmi, B. N., & Garforth, C. (2010). Trees outside forest and rural livelihoods: A study of Chitwan district, Nepal. Agroforestry Systems, 79(3), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9292-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saikia, P., & Khan, M. L. (2013). Population structure and regeneration status of Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. in homegardens of upper Assam, NE India. Tropical Ecology, 54(1), 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimrah, T., Lungleng, P., Shimrah, C., Khuman, Y. S. C., & Varah, F. (2018). Role of traditional homegardens in biodiversity conservation and socioecological significance in Tangkhul community in Northeast India. Tropical Ecology, 59(3), 533–539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, K., & Chand, P. (2012). Above-ground tree outside forest (TOF) phytomass and carbon estimation in the semi-arid region of southern Haryana: A synthesis approach of remote sensing and field data. Journal of Earth System Science, 121(6), 1469–1482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-012-0237-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syampungani, S., Tigabu, M., Matakala, N., Handavu, F., & Oden, P. C. (2017). Coppicing ability of dry miombo woodland species harvested for traditional charcoal production in Zambia: A win–win strategy for sustaining rural livelihoods and recovering a woodland ecosystem. Journal of Forestry Research, 28(3), 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-016-0307-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabin, T., & Shrivastava, K. (2014). Distribution and population status of critically endangered Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. in the forests of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, India. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(11), 17595–17604. https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2014.0311070
   Google Scholar
• Tangjang, S., & Arunachalam, A. (2017). Traditional homegardens in rural landscapes of Northeast India – A model for conserving plant species for sustainability. Indian Journal of Hill Farming, 30(2), 313–325 http://www.kiran.nic.in/pdf/IJHF/Vol_30-2/26.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Thapa, P., Mandal, R. A., Mathema, A. B., & Poudel, D. (2020). Annual growth and benefit cost analysis of Aquilaria malaccensis. Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, 13(4), 346–352. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2020.346.352
   Google Scholar
• The Plant List (2013). Accessed on 6 June 2021. http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Thymelaeaceae/Aquilaria/
   Google Scholar
• Tynsong, H., & Tiwari, B. K. (2017). Plant diversity in the homegardens and their significance in the livelihoods of war Khasi community of Meghalaya, North-east India. Journal of Biodiversity, 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/09766901.201011884713
   Google Scholar
• Verinumbe, I. (2017). Evaluation of tree species for agroforestry practice on entisols in the Sudan Sahel region of Nigeria. Environment and Ecology Research, 5(2), 161–166. https://doi.org/10.13189/eer.2017.050210
   Google Scholar