Addiction and crime: The importance of asymmetry in offending and the life-course

References

• Teplin LA, Abram KM, McClelland GM, Dulcan MK, Mericle AA. Psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59:1133–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn MG, Salas-Wright CP, DeLisi M, Maynard BR, Boutwell B. Prevalence and correlates of psychiatric disorders among former juvenile detainees in the United States. Compr Psych 2015; 59:107–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durose MR, Cooper AD, Snyder HN. Recidivism of prisoners released in 30 states in 2005: patterns from 2005 to 2010 Recidivism of Prisoners Released series. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Gropper BA. Probing the links between drugs and crime. Washington, DC.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Leshner AI. Addiction is a brain disease, and it matters. Science 1997; 278:45–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalivas PW, Volkow ND. The neural basis of addiction: a pathology of motivation and choice. Am J Psych 2005; 162(8):1403–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow ND, Koob GF, McLellan AT. Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:363–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demers CH, Bogdan R, Agrawal A. The genetics, neurogenetics and pharmacogenetics of addiction. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2014; 1(1):33–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolfgang ME, Figlio RM, Sellin T. Delinquency in a birth cohort. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• DeLisi M, Piquero AR. New frontiers in criminal careers research, 2000–2011: a state-of-the-art review. J Crim Just 2011; 39:289–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracy PE, Wolfgang ME, Figlio RM. Delinquency careers in two birth cohorts. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vaughn MG, DeLisi M, Gunter T, et al. The severe 5%: a latent class analysis of the externalizing spectrum in the United States. J Crim Just 2011; 39:75–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn MG, DeLisi M, Salas-Wright C, Maynard BR. Examining violence and externalizing behavior among youth in the United States: is there a severe 5%? Youth Violence Juv Justice 2014; 12:3–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLisi M, Vaughn MG, Beaver KM, Wexler J, Barth A, Fletcher J. Fledgling psychopathy in the classroom: ADHD subtypes, psychopathy, and educational outcomes in a community sample of adolescents. Youth Violence Juv Justice 2011; 9:43–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeber R, Farrington DP. Serious and violent juvenile offenders: risk factors and successful interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Moffitt TE. Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy. Psychol Rev 1993; 100:674–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLisi M. Career criminals in society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• DeLisi M, Vaughn MG. Foundations of a temperament-based theory of life-course antisocial behavior and criminal justice system involvement. J Crim Justice 2014; 42:10–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SS, Humphreys KL, Flory K, Liu R, Glass K. Prospective association of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use and abuse/dependence: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2011; 31(3):328–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martel MM, Pierce L, Nigg JT, et al. Temperament pathways to childhood disruptive behavior and adolescent substance abuse: testing a cascade model. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2009; 37(3):363–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sitnick SL, Shaw DS, Hyde LW. Precursors of adolescent substance use from early childhood and early adolescence: testing a developmental cascade model. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 26(01):125–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Witkiewitz K, McMahon RJ, Dodge KA. Conduct problems prevention research group: a parallel process growth mixture model of conduct problems and substance use with risky sexual behavior. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010; 111(3):207–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM. Conduct and attentional problems in childhood and adolescence and later substance use, abuse and dependence: Results of a 25-year longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007; 88(S1):S14–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Harrington H, Milne BJ. Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: follow-up at age 26 years. Dev Psychopathol 2002; 14(1):179–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Englund MM, Egeland B, Oliva EM, Collins WA. Childhood and adolescent predictors of heavy drinking and alcohol use disorders in early adulthood: a longitudinal developmental analysis. Addiction 2008; 103(s1):23–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrington DP. Childhood aggression and adult violence: early precursors and later-life outcomes. In: Pepler DJ, Rubin KH, ed. The development and treatment of childhood aggression. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1991; 5–29.
   Google Scholar
• Galéra C, Pingault JB, Fombonne E, et al. Attention problems in childhood and adult substance use. J Pediatr 2013; 163(6):1677–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinke WM, Eddy JM, Dishion TJ, Reid JB. Joint trajectories of symptoms of disruptive behavior problems and depressive symptoms during early adolescence and adjustment problems during emerging adulthood. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2012; 40(7):1123–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins LN, Price RK. Adult disorders predicted by childhood conduct problems: results from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area project. Psych 1991; 54(2):116–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony JC, Petronis KR. Early-onset drug use and risk of later drug problems. Drug Alcohol Depend 1995; 40(1):9–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CY, Storr CL, Anthony JC. Early-onset drug use and risk for drug dependence problems. Addict Behav 2009; 34(3):319–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWit DJ, Adlaf EM, Offord DR, Ogborne AC. Age at first alcohol use: a risk factor for the development of alcohol disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157(5):745–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellickson PL, Tucker JS, Klein DJ. Ten-year prospective study of public health problems associated with early drinking. Pediatrics 2003; 111(5):949–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier MH, Hall W, Caspi A, et al. Which adolescents develop persistent substance dependence in adulthood? Using population-representative longitudinal data to inform universal risk assessment. Psychol Med 2016; 46(4):877–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odgers CL, Caspi A, Broadbent JM, et al. Prediction of differential adult health burden by conduct problem subtypes in males. Arch Gen Psych 2007; 64(4):476–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odgers, CL, Caspi A, Nagin, DS, et al. Is it important to prevent early exposure to drugs and alcohol among adolescents?. Psychol Sci 2008; 19(10):1037–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLisi M. Extreme career criminals. Am J Crim Justice 2001a; 25:239–52.
   Google Scholar
• Vaughn MG, DeLisi M, Beaver KM, Howard MO. Toward a quantitative typology of burglars: a latent profile analysis of career offenders. J Forensic Sci 2008; 53:1387–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hser YI, Hoffman V, Grella CE, Anglin MD. A 33-year follow-up of narcotics addicts. Archives Gen Psych 2001; 58(5):503–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar