Factors Related to Compliance with CDC COVID-19 Guidelines: Media Use, Partisan Identity, Science Knowledge, and Risk Assessment

References

• Allum, N., Sturgis, P., Tabourazi, D., & Brunton-Smith, I. (2008). Science knowledge and attitudes across cultures: A meta-analysis. Public Understanding of Science, 17(1), 35–54. doi:10.1177/0963662506070159
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annenberg Institutions of Democracy Collaborative. (2023). Democracy amid crises: Polarization, pandemic, protests, & persuasion. NY: Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Aufderheide, P., Lieberman, D., Alkhallouf, A., & Ugboma, J. M. (2020). Podcasting as public media: The future of U.S. news, public affairs, and educational podcasts. International Journal of Communication, 14, 22. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/13548
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrios, J. M., & Hochberg, Y. V. (2021). Risk perceptions and politics: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Financial Economics, 142(2), 862–879. doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.05.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum, M. A. (2011). Red state, blue state, flu state: Media self-selection and partisan gaps in swine flu vaccinations. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 36(6), 1021–1059. doi:10.1215/03616878-1460569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beinart, P. (2020, April 6). In right-wing media, the pivot didn’t happen. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/defying-trump-talk-radio-keeps-downplaying-covid-19/609523/
   Google Scholar
• Benton, R. A., Cobb, J. A., & Werner, T. (2022). Firm partisan positioning, polarization, and risk communication: Examining voluntary disclosures on COVID-19. Strategic Management Journal, 43(4), 697–723. doi:10.1002/smj.3352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen, S. A., & Heath, R. L. (2020). Intelligences in strategic issues management: Challenging the mutually beneficial relationship paradigm. Partecipazione e Conflitto: The Open Journal of Sociopolitical Studies, 13(2), 1–20. doi:10.1285/i20356609v13i2p1002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charron, N., LaPuente, V., & Rodriguez-Pose, A. (2022). Uncooperative society, uncooperative politics or both? Trust, polarization, populism and COVID-19 deaths across European regions. European Journal of Political Research, n/a(n/a). doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelson, K., & Miloucheva, B. (2022). Political polarization and cooperation during a pandemic. Health Economics, 31(9), 2025–2049. doi:10.1002/hec.4560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covid-19 Pandemic Timeline Fast Facts. (2023). CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/09/health/covid-19-pandemic-timeline-fast-facts/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Crimston, C. R., et al. (2022). Cracks before the crisis: Polarization prior to COVID-19 predicts increased collective angst and economic pessimism. European Journal of Social Psychology, 52(4), 669–678. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2845
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutlip, S. M., Center, A. H., & Broom, G. M. (2006). Effective public relations (9th ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300–302. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30073-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunwoody, S., & Griffin, R. J. (2015). Risk information seeking and processing model. In H. Cho, T. Reimer, & K. A. McComas (Eds.), SAGE Handbook of Risk Communication (pp. 102–116). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Etherington, D. (2020, March 20). Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine and other potential COVID-19 treatments explained. Tech Crunch. https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/20/hydroxychloroquine-chloroquine-and-other-potential-covid-19-treatments-explained/
   Google Scholar
• Evanega, S., Lynas, M., Adams, J., Smolenyak, K., & Insights, C. G. (2020). Coronavirus misinformation: Quantifying sources and themes in the COVID-19 ‘infodemic.’ https://allianceforscience.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Evanega-et-al-Coronavirus-misinformationFINAL.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fan, B., Liu, S., Pei, G., Wu, Y., & Zhu, L. (2021). Why do you trust news: The event-related potential evidence of media channel and news type. Frontiers of Psychology (Social Cognition), 12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663485
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, K. A., Barile, J. P., Guerin, R. J., Vanden Esschert, K. L., Jeffers, A. … Prue, C. E. (2020, July 17) Factors associated with cloth face covering use among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic — United States, April and May 2020. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 10.15585/mmwr.mm6928e3
   Google Scholar
• Fong, M. W., Gao, H., Wong, J. Y., Xiao, J., Shiu, E., Ryu, S., & Cowling, B. J. (2020). Nonpharmaceutical measures for pandemic influenza in nonhealthcare settings—social distancing measures. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(5), 976–984. doi:10.3201/eid2605.190995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallup, & Foundation, K. (2018, June 20). Perceived accuracy and bias in the news media. https://knightfoundation.org/reports/perceived-accuracy-and-bias-in-the-news-media/
   Google Scholar
• Grieco, E. (2020, April 1). Americans’ main sources for political news vary by party and age. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/01/americans-main-sources-for-political-news-vary-by-party-and-age/
   Google Scholar
• Griffin, R. J., Dunwoody, S., & Neuwirth, K. (1999). Proposed model of the relationship of risk information seeking and processing to the development of preventive behaviors. Environmental Research, 80(2), 230–245. doi:10.1006/enrs.1998.3940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, R. J., Neuwirth, K., Dunwoody, S., & Giese, J. (2004). Information sufficiency and risk communication. Media Psychology, 6, 23–61. doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0601_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, P. S., Chinn, S., & Soroka, S. (2020). Politicization and polarization in COVID-19 news coverage. Science Communication, 42(5), 679–697. doi:10.1177/1075547020950735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, R. L., Palenchar, M. J., Lee, J., & Lemon, L. (2018). Risk communication emergency response preparedness: Contextual assessment of the protective action decision model. Risk Analysis, 38(2), 333–344. doi:10.1111/risa.12845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegland, A., Zhang, A. L., Zichettella, B., & Pasek, J. (2022). A partisan pandemic: How COVID-19 was primed for polarization. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 700(1), 55–72. doi:10.1177/00027162221083686
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstetter, C. R., Barker, D., Smith, J. T., Zari, G. M., & Ingrassia, T. A. (1999). Information, misinformation, and political talk radio. Political Research Quarterly, 52(2), 353–369. doi:10.1177/106591299905200205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson, K. H., Albarracín, D., Dredze, M., Sangraula, A., Smith, M. C., & Quinn, S. C. (2020). Not just conspiracy theories: Vaccine opponents and proponents add to the COVID-19 ’infodemic’ on Twitter. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 1. doi:10.37016/mr-2020-012
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jamieson, K. H., & Cappella, J. N. (2008). Echo chamber: Rush Limbaugh and the conservative media establishment. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jamieson, K. H., Kahan, D. M., & Scheufele, D. (2017). The need for a science of science communication: Communicating science’s values and norms. In K. Jamieson, D. Kahan, & D. Scheufele (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of the science of science communication (pp. 15–24). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jungkunz, S. (2021). Political polarization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Political Science, 3. doi:10.3389/fpos.2021.622512
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kahan, D. M. (2013). Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection: An experimental study. Judgment & Decision Making, 8(4), 407–424. doi:10.1017/S1930297500005271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahan, D. M. (2016). The politically motivated reasoning paradigm, Part 1: What politically motivated reasoning is and how to measure it. In Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0417.
   Google Scholar
• Kahan, D. M. (2017). ‘Ordinary science intelligence’: A science-comprehension measure for study of risk and science communication, with notes on evolution and climate change. Journal of Risk Research, 20(8), 995–1016. doi:10.1080/13669877.2016.1148067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahan, D. M., Landrum, A., Carpenter, K., Helft, L., & Jamieson, K. H. (2017). Science curiosity and political information processing. Political Psychology, 38, 179–199. doi:10.1111/pops.12396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahan, D. M., Peters, E., Wittlin, M., Slovic, P., Ouellette, L. L., Braman, D., & Mandel, G. (2012). The polarizing impact of science literacy and numeracy on perceived climate change risks. Nature Climate Change, 2(10), 732–735. doi:10.1038/nclimate1547
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahlor, L. A., Dunwoody, S., Griffin, R. J., Neuwirth, K., & Giese, J. (2003). Studying heuristic-systematic processing of risk communicaiton. Risk Analysis, 23(2), 355–368. doi:10.1111/1539-6924.00314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., Kim, Y., & Wang, Y. (2016). Selective exposure to podcast and political participation: The mediating role of emotions. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 14(2), 133–148. doi:10.1504/IJMC.2016.075021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, J. M., Bukowski, L. A., Minson, J. A., & Kahn, J. M. (2023). The political polarization of COVID-19 treatments among physicians and laypeople in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(7), e2216179120. doi:10.1073/pnas.2216179120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loh, N.-H. W., Tan, Y., Taculod, J., Gorospe, B., Teope, A. S., Somani, J., & Tan, A. Y. H. (2020). The impact of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on coughing distance: Implications on its use during the novel coronavirus disease outbreak. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 67(7), 893–894. doi:10.1007/s12630-020-01634-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConnel, J. (2020). The COVID-19 infodemic. Lancet Infectious Disease, 20(8), 875. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30565-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miceli, S. (2020, April 3). Exploring the science of social distancing and what it means for everyday life. National Academies. https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2020/03/exploring-the-science-of-social-distancing-and-what-it-means-for-everyday-life
   Google Scholar
• Motta, M., Stecula, D., & Farhart, C. (2020). How right-leaning media coverage of COVID-19 facilitated the spread of misinformation in the early stages of the pandemic in the US. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 53(2), 335–342. doi:10.1017/S0008423920000396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobieraj, S., & Berry, J. M. (2011). From incivility to outrage: Political discourse in blogs, talk radio, and cable news. Political Communication, 28(1), 19–41. doi:10.1080/10584609.2010.542360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timeline of COVID-19 developments in 2020. (2021, January 1). The American Journal of Managed Care. https://www.ajmc.com/view/a-timeline-of-covid19-developments-in-2020
   Google Scholar
• Tyler, T. R., & Cook, F. L. (1984). The mass media and judgments of risk: Distinguishing impact on personal and societal level judgments. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 47(4), 693–708. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.4.693
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D. H., Holbrook, M. G., Gamble, A. … Munster, V. J. (2020, March). Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 and compared with SARS-CoV-1. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(16), 1564–1567. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2004973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, W. E., Li, Z., Chiew, C. J., Yong, S. E., Toh, M. P., & Lee, V. J. (2020). Presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 – Singapore, January 23-March 16, 2020. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e1
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2020, April 14). Covid-19 strategy update: Critical preparedness, readiness and response. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/covid-19-strategy-update
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2021, September 30). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Similarities and differences between COVID-19 and influenza. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-similarities-and-differences-with-influenza#:~:text=Mortality%20for%20COVID%2D19,quality%20of%20health%20care
   Google Scholar
• Young, D. G., & Bleakley, A. (2020). Ideological health spirals: An integrated political and health communication approach to COVID interventions. International Journal of Communication, 14, 17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar