“Separation/Abandonment/Isolation Trauma:” An Application of Psychoanalytic Developmental Theory to Understanding its Impact on Both Chimpanzee and Human Children

REFERENCES

• Beebe , B. , Khoblauch , S. , Rustin , J. and Sorter , D. 2005 . Forms of intersubjectivity in infant research and adult treatment , New York : Other Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beebe , B. and Lachmann , F. 2002 . Infant research and adult treatment: Co-constructing interactions , Hillsdale, NJ : Analytic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1969 . Attachment and loss, Vol. 1. Attachment , New York : Basic .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1973 . Attachment and loss, Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger , New York : Basic .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1977 . The making and breaking of affectional bonds . British Journal of Psychiatry , 131 : 201 – 210 . 421 – 431 .
   Google Scholar
• Caccone , A. and Powell , J. R. 1989 . DNA divergence among hominids . Evolution , 43 : 925 – 942 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernus , L. 1996 . “ Clinical supervision: Its role in ‘containing’ countertransference responses to a filicidal patient ” . In Fostering healing and growth: A psychoanalytic social work approach , Edited by: Sanville , J. and Edward , J. 386 – 403 . New York : Jason Aronson .
   Google Scholar
• Chernus , L. . Understanding and treating traumatized clients: A psychological perspective . Lecture, Smith College School for Social Work, 85th Anniversary Alumnae Reunion . Northampton, MA. July ,
   Google Scholar
• Chernus , L. 2005 . Review of Nine minutes, twenty seconds: The tragedy and triumph of ASA flight 529, by Gary Pomerantz . Psychoanalytic Social Work , 12 ( 1 ) : 81 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Chernus , L. A. 2008 . “Separation/abandonment/isolation trauma:” What we can learn from our nonhuman primate relatives . Journal of Emotional Abuse , 8 ( 4 ) : 469 – 492 .
   Google Scholar
• Coe , C. L. 1990 . “ Psychobiology of maternal behavior in nonhuman primates ” . In Mammalian parenting: Biochemical, neurobiological, and behavioral determinants , Edited by: Krasnegor , N. S. and Bridges , R. S. 157 – 183 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Davenport , R. K. and Rogers , C. M. 1970 . Differential rearing of the chimpanzee. A project survey . The Chimpanzee , 3 : 337 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• Dick , G. 2004 . Men's relationships with their fathers: Comparing men who batter women with non-violent men . Journal of Emotional Abuse , 4 ( 1 ) : 61 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Fraiberg , S. 1980 . Clinical studies in infant mental health: The first year of life , New York : Basic .
   Google Scholar
• Goodall , J. 1986 . The chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of behavior , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goodall , J. 1988 . My life with the chimpanzees , New York : Byron Press, Visual Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Nishida , T. , Corp , N. , Hamai , M. , Hasegawa , T. , Hiraiwa-Hasegawa , M. Hosaka , K. 2003 . Demography, female life history, and reproductive profiles among the chimpanzees of Mahale . American Journal of Primatology , 59 : 99 – 121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novak , M. A. and Sackett , G. P. 2006 . “ The effects of rearing experiences: The early years ” . In Nursery rearing of nonhuman primates in the 21st century , Edited by: Sackett , G. P. , Ruppenthal , G. C. and Elias , K. 5 – 19 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Ornstein , A. 2003 . “ Survival and recovery: Psychoanalytic reflections ” . In Explorations in self psychology. Progress in self psychology series , Edited by: Gehrie , M. Vol. 19 , 85 – 106 . Hillsdale, NJ : Analytic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pazol , K. S. and Bloomsmith , M. A. 1993 . The development of stereotyped body rocking in chimpanzees reared in a variety of nursery settings . Animal Welfare , 2 ( 2 ) : 113 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Primates: The newsletter of the MONA Foundation . 2002–2008 . : 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Pynoos , R. , Steinberg , A. and Goenjian , A. 1996 . “ Traumatic stress in childhood and adolescence: Recent developments and current controversies ” . In Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society , Edited by: van der Kolk , B. , McFarland , A. C. and Weisaeth , L. 331 – 358 . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Spijkerman , R. , Dienske , H. , van Hooff , J. and Jens , W. 1994 . Causes of body rocking in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) . Animal Welfare , 3 ( 3 ) : 193 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Terr , L. 1983 . Chowchilla revisited: The effects of psychic trauma four years after a school bus kidnapping . American Journal of Psychiatry , 142 : 1543 – 1550 .
   Google Scholar
• van der Kolk , B. 1987 . Psychological trauma , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press .
   Google Scholar
• van der Kolk , B. 1993 . “ Biological considerations about emotions, trauma, memory, and the brain ” . In Human feelings: Explorations in affect development and meaning , Edited by: Ablon , S. , Brown , D. , Khantzian , E. and Mack , J. 221 – 240 . Hillsdale, NJ : Analytic Press .
   Google Scholar
• van der Kolk , B. 1994 . “ The behavioral and psychological effects of developmental trauma ” . In Human behavior: An introduction for medical students , 2nd , Edited by: Stoudemire , A. 328 – 343 . Philadelphia : Lippincott .
   Google Scholar
• van der Kolk , B. and Fisher , R. E. 1994 . Child abuse and neglect and loss of self-regulation . Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic , 58 ( 2 ) : 145 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh , S. , Bramblett , C. A. and Alford , P. L. 1982 . A vocabulary of abnormal behaviors in restrictively reared chimpanzees . American Journal of Primatology , 3 : 315 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar