989
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Incidence of Co-infection and its Impact on COVID-19 Patients admitted in the Intensive Care Unit

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 141-148 | Received 17 Dec 2022, Accepted 26 Jan 2023, Published online: 07 Feb 2023

References

  • Lai -C-C, Shih T-P, W-C K, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(3):105–114.
  • Zu ZY, Jiang MD, Xu PP, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a Perspective from China. Radiology. 2020;296(2):15–25.
  • Möhlenkamp S, Thiele H. Ventilation of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units. Herz. 2020;45:329–331.
  • Velavan TP, Meyer CG. The COVID-19 epidemic. Trop Med Int Health. 2020;25(3):278–280.
  • Agaba P, Tumukunde J, Tindimwebwa JVB, et al. Nosocomial bacterial infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients in Ugandan intensive care units: a cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):349–355.
  • Dandagi GL. Nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients. Lung India. 2010;27(3):149–153.
  • Medell M, Medell M, Martínez A, et al. Characterization and sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria isolated from the lower respiratory tract of ventilated patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Braz J Infect Dis. 2012;16(1):45–51.
  • Hendaus MA, Jomha FA, Alhammadi AH. Virus-induced secondary bacterial infection: a concise review. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2015;11:1265–1271.
  • Rynda-Apple A, Robinson KM, Alcorn JF. Influenza and Bacterial Superinfection: illuminating the Immunologic Mechanisms of Disease. Infect Immun. 2015;83(10):3764–3770.
  • Wilson R, Dowling RB, Jackson AD. The biology of bacterial colonization and invasion of the respiratory mucosa. Eur Respir J. 1996;9(7):1523–1530.
  • Paget C, Trottein F. Mechanisms of Bacterial Superinfection Post-influenza: a Role for Unconventional T Cells. Front Immunol. 2019;10:12–28.
  • Fu Y, Yang Q, Xu M, et al. Secondary Bacterial Infections in Critical Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(6):220–227.
  • Hughes S, Troise O, Donaldson H, et al. Bacterial and fungal co-infection among hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in a UK secondary-care setting. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(10):1395–1399.
  • World Health Organization. Clinical management of COVID‐19; 2020 [ Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/clinical-management-ofcovid-19. January 30, 2023.
  • Sharifipour E, Shams S, Esmkhani M, et al. Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):1–7.
  • Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS, et al. Scott’s diagnostic microbiology. 12th ed. St. Louis: Mo; 2007.
  • Baron EJ. Specimen collection, transport, and processing: bacteriology. Manual Clin Microbiol. 2015 May;15:270–315.
  • Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests, 28th. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne PA. 2018.
  • Weinstein MP, Lewis J. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: background, Organization, Functions, and Processes. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;58:33–39.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054–1062.
  • Arentz M, Yim E, Klaff L, et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of 21 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in Washington State. Jama. 2020;323(16):1612–1614.
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507–513.
  • Young BE, Ong SWX, Kalimuddin S, et al. Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. Jama. 2020;323(15):1488–1494.
  • Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, et al. Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy. Jama. 2020;323(16):1574–1581.
  • Bhatt PJ, Shiau S, Brunetti L, et al. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Secondary Bloodstream Infections: a Multicenter Case-Control Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(12):995–1003.
  • Li J, Wang J, Yang Y, et al. Etiology and antimicrobial resistance of secondary bacterial infections in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020;9(1):153–158.
  • Langford BJ, So M, Raybardhan S, et al. Bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19: a living rapid review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(12):1622–1629.
  • Nasir N, Rehman F, Omair SF. Risk factors for bacterial infections in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: a case-control study. J Med Virol. 2021;93(7):4564–4569.
  • Cataño-Correa JC, Cardona-Arias JA, Porras Mancilla JP, et al. Bacterial superinfection in adults with COVID-19 hospitalized in two clinics in Medellín-Colombia, 2020. PLoS One. 2021;16(7):25–29.
  • Buetti N, Mazzuchelli T, Lo Priore E, et al. Early administered antibiotics do not impact mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. J Infect. 2020;81(2):148–149.
  • Sang L, Xi Y, Lin Z, et al. Secondary infection in severe and critical COVID-19 patients in China: a multicenter retrospective study. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10(8):8557–8570.
  • Nag V, Kaur N. Superinfections in COVID-19 Patients: role of Antimicrobials. Dubai Med J. 2021;4(2):117–126.
  • Ramadan HK, Mahmoud MA, Aburahma MZ, et al. Predictors of Severity and Co-Infection Resistance Profile in COVID-19 Patients: first Report from Upper Egypt. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:3409–3422.
  • Khurana S, Singh P, Sharad N, et al. Profile of co-infections & secondary infections in COVID-19 patients at a dedicated COVID-19 facility of a tertiary care Indian hospital: implication on antimicrobial resistance. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2021;39(2):147–153.
  • Abu-Rub LI, Abdelrahman HA, Johar AA, et al. Antibiotics Prescribing in Intensive Care Settings during the COVID-19 Era: a Systematic Review. Antibioti. 2021;10(8):1–13.
  • Silva AR, Salgado D, Lopes L, et al. Increased Use of Antibiotics in the Intensive Care Unit During Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic in a Brazilian Hospital. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:778–786.
  • Said KB, Alsolami A, Khalifa AM, et al. A Multi-Point Surveillance for Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles among Clinical Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria Recovered from Major Ha’il Hospitals, Saudi Arabia. Microorganisms. 2021;9(10):40–45.
  • Polemis M, Mandilara G, Pappa O, et al. COVID-19 and Antimicrobial Resistance: data from the Greek Electronic System for the Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance—WHONET-Greece (January 2018–March 2021). Life. 2021;11(10):996–997.
  • Yacouba A, Olowo-okere A, Yunusa I. Repurposing of antibiotics for clinical management of COVID-19: a narrative review. Ann Clin Microbiol. 2021;20:37–43.
  • Mahmoudi H. Bacterial co-infections and antibiotic resistance in patients with COVID-19. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2020;15:35–39.
  • Saini V, Jain C, Singh NP, et al. Paradigm Shift in Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Antibioti. 2021;10(8):2–11.