333
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Role of adding dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and magnesium sulphate to caudal block as preemptive analgesia in hypospadias repair in pediatrics: A randomized double-blinded prospective trial

, , , &
Pages 862-868 | Received 19 Sep 2023, Accepted 05 Nov 2023, Published online: 14 Nov 2023

References

  • Shirazi M, Haghpanah A, Dehghani A, et al. Comparison of post-urethroplasty complication rates in pediatric cases with hypospadias using vicryl or polydioxanone sutures. Asian J Urol. 2022;9(2):165–169
  • Gupta S, Sharma R. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of caudal dexmedetomidine versus caudal tramadol with ropivacaine in paediatric infraumbilical surgeries: A prospective, randomised, double-blinded clinical study. Indian J Anaesth. 2017;61(6):499–504. doi: 10.4103/ija.IJA_712_16
  • Kundra P, Yuvaraj K, Agrawal K, et al. Surgical outcome in children undergoing hypospadias repair under caudal epidural vs penile block. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012;22(7):707–712
  • Omara AF, Elzohry AA, Abdelrahman AF. Comparison of caudal block and dexmedetomidine infusion in pediatric patients undergoing hypospadias repair surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical study. Anesth Pain Med. 2023;13(1):22–32. doi: 10.5812/aapm-130623
  • Bahaa M. Effect of adding magnesium sulphate to pediatric caudal bupivacaine on hemodynamics parameters and surgical stress: randomized double-blind control study. Ann Med. 2017;1(8):30–66. doi: 10.24087/IAM.2017.1.8.262
  • Fahim HM, Menshawi MA. Effect of caudal dexmedetomidine versus ketamine in prevention of emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing congenital inguinal hernia repair under sevoflurane anesthesia. Ain Shams J Anesth. 2022;14(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s42077-022-00244-z
  • Ram GK, Dubey PK, Akhileshwar P, et al. Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine as an Adjuvant to Levobupivacaine for Pediatric Caudal Analgesia: A Randomized, Controlled Study. Anesth Essays Res. 2020;14(2):253–258. doi: 10.4103/aer.AER_42_20
  • Farrag WSH, Ibrahim AS, Mostafa MG, et al. Ketamine versus magnesium sulfate with caudal bupivacaine block in pediatric inguinoscrotal surgery: a prospective randomized observer-blinded study. Urol Ann. 2015;7(3):325–329. doi: 10.4103/0974-7796.152039
  • Bujalska-Zadrożny M, Tatarkiewicz J, Kulik K, et al. Magnesium enhances opioid-induced analgesia - what we have learnt in the past decades? Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017;99:113–127. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.11.020
  • El-Agamy A, El-Kateb A, Mahran M. Addition of magnesium sulfate to caudal block for preventing emergence agitation in sevoflurane-based anesthesia in children. Ain Shams J Anesth. 2015;8(2):217–222. doi: 10.4103/1687-7934.156691
  • Kawakami H, Mihara T, Nakamura N, et al. Effect of magnesium added to local anesthetics for caudal anesthesia on postoperative pain in pediatric surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):190354. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190354
  • Bahaa M. Effect of adding magnesium sulphate to pediatric caudal bupivacaine on hemodynamics parameters and surgical stress: randomized double-blind control study. Int Ann Med. 2017;1(8):1. doi: 10.24087/IAM.2017.1.8.262
  • Sharp DB, Wang X, Mendelowitz D. Dexmedetomidine decreases inhibitory but not excitatory neurotransmission to cardiac vagal neurons in the nucleus ambiguus. Brain Res. 2014;1574:1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.06.010
  • Ali AEA, Abu-Elwafa WA, Rezk GA, et al. Comparison between dexmedetomidine or magnesium sulfate as adjuvants to bupivacaine for caudal anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries. The Egyptian Journal Of Hospital Medicine. 2020;80(3):1126–1137. doi: 10.21608/ejhm.2020.108892
  • Goyal V, Kubre J, Radhakrishnan K. Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in caudal analgesia in children. Anesth Essays Res. 2016;10(2):227–232. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.174468