T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: promising experimental drugs in clinical development

References

• Borella L, Sen L. T cell surface markers on lymphoblasts from acute lymphocytic leukemia. J Immunol. 1973;111(4):1257–1260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pui CH, Relling MV, Downing JR. Mechanisms of disease: acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(15):1535–1548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg JM, Silverman LB, Levy DE, et al. Childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the dana-farber cancer institute acute lymphoblastic leukemia consortium experience. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(19):3616–3622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bene MC, Castoldi G, Knapp W, et al. Proposals for the immunological classification of acute leukemias. Leukemia. 1995;9(10):1783–1786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Easton J, Shao Y, et al. The genomic landscape of pediatric and young adult T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet. 2017;49(8): 1211–1218. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bie J, Demeyer S, Alberti-Servera L, et al. Single-cell sequencing reveals the origin and the order of mutation acquisition in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2018;32(6):1358–1369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hefazi M, Litzow MR. Recent advances in the biology and treatment of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2018;13(4):265–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, et al. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the children’s oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(29):2926–2934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks DI, Paietta EM, Moorman AV, et al. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: clinical features, immunophenotype, cytogenetics, and outcome from the large randomized prospective trial (UKALL XII/ECOG 2993). Blood. 2009;114(25):5136–5145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrappe M, Valsecchi MG, Bartram CR, et al. Late MRD response determines relapse risk overall and in subsets of childhood T-cell ALL: results of the AIEOP-BFM-ALL 2000 study. Blood. 2011;118(8):2077–2084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beldjord K, Chevret S, Asnafi V, et al. Oncogenetics and minimal residual disease are independent outcome predictors in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2014;123(24):3739–3749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg SL, Blaney SM, Devidas M, et al. Phase II study of nelarabine (compound 506U78) in children and young adults with refractory T-cell malignancies: a report from the Children’s oncology group. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(15):3376–3382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Zwet JCG, Cordo V, Cante-Barrett K, et al. Multi-omic approaches to improve outcome for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Adv Biol Regul. 2019;74:1006–1047.
   Google Scholar
• Van Vlierberghe P, Pieters R, Beverloo HB, et al. Molecular-genetic insights in paediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2008;143(2):153–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coustan-Smith E, Mullighan CG, Onciu M, et al. Early T-cell precursor leukaemia: a subtype of very high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10(2):147–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Ding L, Holmfeldt L, et al. The genetic basis of early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nature. 2012;481(7382): 520–524. .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrando AA, Neuberg DS, Staunton J, et al. Gene expression signatures define novel oncogenic pathways in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell. 2002;1(1):75–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond J, Marchand T, Touzart A, et al. An early thymic precursor phenotype predicts outcome exclusively in HOXA-overexpressing adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a group for research in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia study. Haematologica. 2016;101(6):732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Starza R, Pierini V, Pierini T, et al. Design of a comprehensive fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for genetic classification of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Mol Diagn. 2020;22(5):629–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Keersmaecker K, Real PJ, Gatta D, et al. The TLX1 oncogene drives aneuploidy in T cell transformation. Nat Med. 2010;16(11):1321–1327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardelli V, Arniani S, Pierini V, et al. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: biomarkers and their clinical usefulness. Genes (Basel). 2021;12(8): 1118. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanda T, Lawton LN, Barrasa MI, et al. Core transcriptional regulatory circuit controlled by the TAL1 complex in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell. 2012;22(2):209–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CO R Jr, Stellrecht CM, Gandhi V. Mechanisms for T-cell selective cytotoxicity of arabinosylguanine. Blood. 2003;102(5):1842–1848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambe CU, Averett DR, Paff MT, et al. 2-amino-6-methoxypurine arabinoside: an agent for T-cell malignancies. Cancer Res. 1995;55(15):3352–3356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtzberg J, Ernst TJ, Keating MJ, et al. Phase I study of 506U78 administered on a consecutive 5-day schedule in children and adults with refractory malignancies. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(15):3396–3403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeAngelo DJ, Yu D, Johnson JL, et al. Nelarabine induces complete remissions in adults with relapsed or refractory T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma: cancer and leukemia group B study 19801. Blood. 2007;109(12):5136–5142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gökbuget N, Basara N, Baurmann H, et al. High single-drug activity of nelarabine in relapsed T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma offers curative option with subsequent stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2011;118(13):3504–3511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen MH, Johnson JR, Massie T, et al. Approval summary: nelarabine for the treatment of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(18):5329–5335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Linda SB, et al. Pilot study of nelarabine in combination with intensive chemotherapy in high-risk T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children’s oncology group. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(22):2753–2759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, et al. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: children’s Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015;62(7):1176–1183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain P, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F, et al. The combination of hyper-CVAD plus nelarabine as frontline therapy in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma: MD anderson cancer center experience. Leukemia. 2014;28(4):973–975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commander LA, Seif AE, Insogna IG, et al. Salvage therapy with nelarabine, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide in relapsed/refractory paediatric T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2010;150(3):345–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowntree CJ, Kirkwood AA, Clifton-Hadley L, et al. First analysis of the UKALL 14 randomized trial to determine whether the addition of nelarabine to standard chemotherapy improves event free survival in adults with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (CRUK/09/006). Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology, Atlanta December 11-14, 2021; abstract 366.
   Google Scholar
• Kadia T, Gandhi V, Thomas DA, et al. Phase I study of continuous-infusion nelarabine in patients with advanced lymphoid malignancies. Blood. 2011;118(21):4239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pikman Y, Alexe G, Roti G, et al. Synergistic drug combinations with CDK4/6 inhibitor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(4):1012–1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawai CM, Freund J, Oh P, et al. Therapeutic targeting of the cyclin D3:CDK4/6 complex in T cell leukemia. Cancer Cell. 2012;22(4):452–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwiatkowski N, Zhang T, Rahl PB, et al. Targeting transcription regulation in cancer with a covalent CDK7 inhibitor. Nature. 2014;511(7511):616–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moharram SA, Shah K, Khanum F, et al. Efficacy of the CDK inhibitor dinaciclib in vitro and in vivo in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Lett. 2017;405:73–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gojo I, Sadowska M, Walker A, et al. Clinical and laboratory studies of the novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib (SCH727965) in acute leukemias. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2013;72(4):897–908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson CM, Jiang B, Erb MA, et al. Pharmacological perturbation of CDK9 using selective CDK9 inhibition or degradation. Nat Chem Biol. 2018;14(2):163–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cidado J, Boiko S, Proia T, et al. AZD4573 is a highly selective CDK9 inhibitor that suppresses MCL-1 and induces apoptosis in hematologic cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2020;26(4):922–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter-Pechanska P, Kunz JB, Hof J, et al. Identification of a genetically defined ultra-high-risk group in relapsed pediatric T-lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Cancer J. 2017;7(2):e523.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bykov VJN, Eriksson SE, Bianchi J, et al. Targeting mutant p53 for efficient cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2018;18(2):89–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maude SL, Dolai S, Delgado-Martin C, et al. Efficacy of JAK/STAT pathway inhibition in murine xenograft models of early T-cell precursor (ETP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2015;125(11):1759–1767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado-Martin C, Meyer LK, Huang BJ, et al. JAK/STAT pathway inhibition overcomes IL7-induced glucocorticoid resistance in a subset of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Leukemia. 2017;31(12):2568–2576.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbeke D, Gielen O, Jacobs K, et al. Ruxolitinib synergizes with dexamethasone for the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hemasphere. 2019;3(6):e310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graux C, Stevens-Kroef M, Lafage M, et al. Heterogeneous patterns of amplification of the NUP214-ABL1 fusion gene in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2009;23(1):125–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen B, Jiang L, Zhong ML, et al. Identification of fusion genes and characterization of transcriptome features in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115(2):373–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Y, Beckett MC, Blair HJ, et al. Phase II-like murine trial identifies synergy between dexamethasone and dasatinib in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2021;106(4):1056–1066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Smedt R, Morscio J, Reunes L, et al. Targeting cytokine- and therapy-induced PIM1 activation in preclinical models of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma. Blood. 2020;135(19):1685–1695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonetti A, Antunes IL, Chiarini F, et al. Activity of the pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor NVP-BKM120 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2014;28(6):1196–1206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazi M, Moharram SA, Marhäll A, et al. The dual specificity Pl3K/mTOR inhibitor PKI-587 displays efficacy against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Cancer Lett. 2017;39:9–16.
   Google Scholar
• Batista A, Barata JT, Raderschall E, et al. Targeting of active mTOR inhibits primary leukemia T cells and synergizes with cytotoxic drugs and signaling inhibitors. Exp Hematol. 2011;39(4):457–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simioni C, Neri LM, Tabellini G, et al. Cytotoxic activity of the novel Akt inhibitor, MK-2206, in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2012;26(11):2336–2342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch JT, McEwen R, Crafter C, et al. Identification of differential Pl3K pathway target dependencies in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through a large cancer cell panel screen. Oncotarget. 2016;7(16):22128–22139.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trinquand A, Tanguy-Schmidt A, Ben Abdelali R, et al. Toward a NOTCH1/FBXW7/RAS/PTEN –based oncogenetic risk classification of adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a group for research in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia study. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(34):4333–4342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Zwet JCG, Jgcam B-G, Cordo V, et al. MAPK-ERK is a central pathway in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia that drives steroid resistance. Leukemia. 2021;35(12):3394–3405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menne T, Slade D, Savage J, et al. Selumetinib in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed/refractory RAS-pathway mutated paediatric and adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (SeluDex): study protocol for an international, parallel-group, dose-finding with expansion phase I/II trial. BMJ Open. 2022;12(3):e059872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chonghaile TN, Roderick JE, Glenfield C, et al. Maturation stage of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia determines BCL-2 versus BCL-XL dependence and sensitivity to ABT-199. Cancer Discov. 2014;4(9):1074–1087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piers S, Matthijssens F, Goossens S, et al. ABT-199 mediated inhibition of BCL-2 as a novel therapeutic strategy in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2014;124(25):3738–3747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard-Carpentier G, Jabbour E, Short NJ, et al. Clinical experience with venetoclax combined with chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2020;20(4):212–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leverson JD, Cojocari D. Hematologic tumor cell resistance to the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax: a product of its microenvironment? Front Oncol. 2018;8:458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pullarkat VA, Lacayo NJ, Jabbour E, et al. Venetoclax and navitoclax in combination with chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma. Cancer Discov. 2021;11(6):1440–1453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour MR, He S, Li Z, et al. JDP2: an oncogenic bZIP transcription factor in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Exp Med. 2018;215(7):1929–1945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, He S, Look AT. The MCL1-specific inhibitor S63845 acts synergistically with venetoclax/ABT-199 to induce apoptosis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Leukemia. 2019;33(1):262–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chonghaile NT, Sarosiek KA, Vo TT, et al. Pretreatment mitochondrial priming correlates with clinical response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Science. 2011;334(6059):1129–1133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno DA, Scrideli CA, Cortez MA, et al. Differential expression of HDAC3, HDAC7 and HDAC9 is associated with prognosis and survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2010;150(6):665–673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilas-Zornoza A, Agirre X, Abizanda G, et al. Preclinical activity of LBH589 alone or in combination with chemotherapy in a xenogeneic mouse model of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2012;26(7):1517–1526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waibel M, Vervoort SJ, Kong IY, et al. Epigenetic targeting of Notch1-driven transcription using the HDACi panobinostat is a potential therapy against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2018;32(1):237–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seddiqi T, Frankel P, Beumer JH, et al. Phase 1 study of the Aurora kinase A inhibitor alisertib (MLN8237) combined with the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat in lymphoid malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma. 2020;61(2):309–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmeister CC, Williams N, Geyer S, et al. A phase 1 study of vorinostat maintenance after autologous transplant in high-risk lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2015;56(4):1043–1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu BY, Thanawala SU, Zochowski KC, et al. Decitabine enhances chemosensitivity of early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines and patient-derived samples. Leuk Lymphoma. 2016;57(8):1938–1941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Chaer F, Holtzman N, Binder E, et al. Durable remission with salvage decitabine and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for relapsed early T-cell precursor ALL. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2017;52(11):1583–1584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong J, Chen N, Li M, et al. Venetoclax and decitabine in refractory TP53-mutated early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol. 2022;101(3):697–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farhadfar N, Li Y, May WS, et al. Venetoclax and decitabine for treatment of relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and review of literature. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2021;14(3):246–251.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baig MU, Rytting M, Roth M, et al. Venetoclax and decitabine in pediatric refractory T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2021;43(7):e991–e996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng T, Yao Y, Xu Y, et al. Salvage therapy with decitabine in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, low-dose cytarabine, and aclarubicin in patients with refractory or relapsed early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematol Oncol. 2020;38(5):834–837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan CL, Zou JY, Qiao M, et al. Venetoclax combined with azacitidine as an effective and safe salvage regimen for relapsed or refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case series. Leuk Lymphoma. 2021;62(13):3300–3303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takebe N, Nguyen D, Yang SX. Targeting notch signaling pathway in cancer: clinical development advances and challenges. Pharmacol Ther. 2014;141(2):140–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borthakur G, Martinelli G, Raffoux E, et al. Phase 1 study to evaluate crenigacestat (LY3039478) in combination with dexamethasone in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma. Cancer. 2021;127(3):372–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papayannidis C, DeAngelo DJ, Stock W, et al. A phase 1 study of the novel gamma-secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Blood Cancer J. 2015;5(9):e350.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Habets RA, de Bock CE, Serneels L, et al. Safe targeting of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by pathology-specific NOTCH inhibition. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(494):eaau6246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moellering RE, Cornejo M, Davis TN, et al. Direct inhibition of the NOTCH transcription factor complex. Nature. 2009;462(7270):182–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnusdei V, Minuzzo S, Frasson C, et al. Therapeutic antibody targeting of Notch1 in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts. Leukemia. 2014;28(2):278–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchesini M, Gherli A, Montanaro A, et al. Blockade of oncogenic NOTCH1 with the SERCA inhibitor CAD204520 in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Chem Biol. 2020;27(6):678–697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dastur A, Choi A, Costa C, et al. NOTCH1 represses MCL-1 levels in GSI-resistant T-ALL, making them susceptible to ABT-263. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(1):312–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsaouli G, Ferretti E, Bellavia D, et al. Notch/CXCR4 partnership in acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression. J Immunol Res. 2019;2019:5601396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyama D, Kikuchi J, Hiraoka N, et al. Proteasome inhibitors exert cytotoxicity and increase chemosensitivity via transcriptional repression of Notch1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2014;28(6):1216–1226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertaina A, Vinti L, Strocchio L, et al. The combination of bortezomib with chemotherapy to treat relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. Br J Haematol. 2017;176(4):629–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filippakopoulos P, Qi J, Picaud S, et al. Selective inhibition of BET bromodomains. Nature. 2010;468(7327):1067–1073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roderick JE, Tesell J, Shultz LD, et al. c-Myc inhibition prevents leukemia initiation in mice and impairs the growth of relapsed and induction failure pediatric T-ALL cells. Blood. 2014;123(7):1040–1050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loosveld M, Castellano R, Gon S, et al. Therapeutic targetingof c-Myc in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, T-ALL. Oncotarget. 2014;5(10):3168–3172.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peirs S, Frismantas V, Marthijssens F, et al. Targeting BET proteins improves the therapeutic efficacy of BCL-2 inhibition in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2017;31(10):2037–2047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott CJ, Kopp N, Bird L, et al. BET bromodomain inhibition targets both c-Myc and IL7R in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2012;120(14):2843–2852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarter AC, Gatta GD, Melnick A, et al. Combinatorial ETS1-dependent control of oncogenic NOTCH1 enhancers in T-cell leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov. 2020;1(2):178–197.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kloetgen A, Thandapani P, Ntziachristos P, et al. Three-dimensional chromatin landscapes in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet. 2020;52:388–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astorgues-Xerri L, Vasquez R, Odore E, et al. Insights into the cellular pharmacological properties of the BET-inhibitor OTX015/MK-8628 (birabresib), alone and in combination, in leukemia models. Leuk Lymphoma. 2019;60(12):3067–3070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagklis A, Demeyer S, De Bie J, et al. Hedgehog pathway activation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia predicts response to SMO and GLI1 inhibitors. Blood. 2016;128(23):2642–2654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etchin J, Sanda T, Mansour MR, et al. KPT-330 inhibitor of CRM1 (XPO1)-mediated nuclear export has selective anti-leukaemic activity in preclinical models of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2013;161(1):117–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbeke D, Demeyer S, Prieto C, et al. The XPO1 inhibitor KPT-8602 synergizes with dexamethasone in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2020;26(21):5747–5758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanda T, Tyner JW, Gutierrez A, et al. TYK2-STAT1-BCL2 pathway dependence in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Discov. 2013;3(5):564–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akahane K, Sanda T, Mansour MR, et al. HSP90 inhibition leads to degradation of the TYK2 kinase and apoptotic cell death in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2016;30(1):219–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SI, Lin CP, Ren N, et al. Inhibition of Aurora A kinase in combination with chemotherapy induces syntheticlethality and overcomes chemoresistance in myc-overexpressing lymphoma. Targeted Oncol. 2019;14(5):563–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosse YP, Fox E, Teachey DT, et al. A phase II study of alisertib in children with recurrent/refractory solid tumors or leukemia: children’s oncology group Phase i and pilot consortium (ADVL0921). Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(11):3229–3238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang J, Wang J, Yue M, et al. Direct phosphorylation and stabilization of MYC by Aurora B kinase promote T-cell leukemogenesis. Cancer Cell. 2020;37(2):200–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horton TM, Whitlock JA, Lu X, et al. Bortezomib reinduction chemotherapy in high-risk ALL in first relapse: a report from the Children’s oncology group. Br J Haematol. 2019;186(2):274–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han K, Wang Q, Cao H, et al. The NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 induces G2 arrest and apoptosis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget. 2016;7(17):23812–23824.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evans K, Duan J, Pritchard T, et al. OBI-3424, a novel AKR1C3-activated prodrug, exhibits potent efficacy against preclinical models of T-ALL. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(14):4493–4503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayon-Calderon F, Toribio ML, Gonzalez-Garcia S. Facts and challenges in immunotherapy for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(20):7685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tembhare PR, Sriram H, Khanka T, et al. Flow cytometric evaluation of CD38 expression levels in the newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the effect of chemotherapy on its expression in measurable residual disease, refractory disease and relapsed disease: an implication for anti-CD38 immunotherapy. J Immunother. 2020;8:e000630.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bride KL, Vincent TL, Im SY, et al. Preclinical efficacy of daratumumab in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2018;131(9):995–999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogiatzi F, Winterberg D, Lemk L, et al. Daratumumab eradicates minimal residual disease in a preclinical model of pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2019;134(8):713–716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurunathan A, Emberesh M, Norris R, et al. A case report of using daratumumab in refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2019;66:S38–S39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ofran Y, Ringelstein-Harlev S, Slouzkey I, et al. Daratumumab for eradication of minimal residual disease in high-risk advancedrelapse of T-cell/CD19/CD22-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2020;34(1):293–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang A, Song Z, Zheng G, et al. Evaluation of preclinical activity of isatuximab in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther. 2021;20(10):1916–1925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boissel N, Chevallier P, Doronin V, et al. Isatuximab monotherapy in patients with refractory T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia or T-lymphoblastic lymphoma: phase 2 study. Cancer Med. 2022;11(5):1292–1298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe T, Masuyama JI, Sohma Y, et al. CD52 is a novel costimulatory molecule for induction of CD4+ regulatory T cells. Clin Immunol. 2006;120(3):247–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Pise-Masison CA, Shih JH, et al. Markedly additive antitumor activity with the combination of a selective surviving suppressant YM155 and alemtuzumab in adult T-cell leukemia. Blood. 2013;121(11):2029–2037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angiolillo AL, Yu AL, Reaman G, et al. A phase II study of CAMPATH-1H in children with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children’s oncology group report. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009;53(6):978–983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravandi F, Aribi A, O’Brien S, et al. Phase II study of alemtuzumab in combination with pentostatin in patients with T-cell neoplasms. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(32):5425–5430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stock W, Sanford B, Lozanski G, et al. Alemtuzumab can be incorporated into front-line therapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): final phase I results of a cancer and leukemia group B study (CALGB 10102). Blood. 2009;114(22):838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassaday RD, Garia KA, Fromm JR, et al. Phase 2 study of pembrolizumab for measurable residual disease in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv. 2020;4(14):3239–3245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheykkasan M, Manoochehri H, Dama P. Use of CAR T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment: a review study. Cancer Gene Ther. 2022;29(8–9):1080–1096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertram J, Gill P, Levine A, et al. Monoclonal antibody T101 in T-cell malignancies: a clinical, pharmacokinetic, and immunologic correlation. Blood. 1986;68(3):752–761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mamonkin M, Rouce RH, Tashiro H, et al. A T-cell-directed chimeric antigen receptor for the selective treatment of T-cell malignancies. Blood. 2015;126(8):983–992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen KH, Wada M, Pinz KG, et al. Preclinical targeting of aggressive T-cell malignancies using anti-CD5 chimeric antigen receptor. Leukemia. 2017;31(10):2151–2160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raikar SS, Fleischer LC, Moot R, et al. Development of chimeric antigen receptors targeting T-cell malignancies using two structurally different anti-CD5 antigen binding domains in NK and CRISPR-edited T cell lines. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7(3):e1407898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wada M, Zhang H, Fang L, et al. Characterization of an anti-CD5 directed CAR T-cell against T-cell malignancies. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2020;16(2):369–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu S, Yi M, Qin S, et al. Next generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells: safety strategies to overcome toxicity. Mol Cancer. 2019;18(1):125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill LC, Rouce RH, Smith TS, et al. Safety and anti-tumor activity of CD5 CAR T-cells in patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell malignancies. Blood. 2019;134(1):199.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gomes-Silva D, Srinivasan M, Sharma S, et al. CD7-edited T cells expressing a CD7-specific CAR for the therapy of T-cell malignancies. Blood. 2017;130(3):285–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Png YT, Vinanica N, Kamiya T, et al. Blockade of CD7 expression in T cells for effective chimeric antigen receptor targeting of T-cell malignancies. Blood Adv. 2017;1(25):2348–2360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper ML, Choi J, Staser K, et al. An “of-the-shelf” fratricide-resistant CAR-T for the treatment of T cell hematologic malignancies. Leukemia. 2018;32(9):1970–1983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt LJB, Barnkob MB, Michaels YS, et al. Emerging approaches for regulation and control of CAR T cells: a mini review. Front Immunol. 2020;11:326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan J, Tan Y, Wang G, et al. Donor-derived CD7 chimeric antigen receptor T cells for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: first-in-human, phase I trial. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(30):3340–3351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Zhang X, Liu Y, et al. High effectiveness and safety of anti-CD7 CAR T-cell therapy in treating relapsed or refractory (R/R) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Blood. 2021;138(1):473.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Zhang G, Li W, et al. Evolution and proliferation of CD7 CAR-T cells compared to CD19 CAR-T cells therapies for acute leukemia. Blood. 2021;138(1):2820.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Fu X, Meng H, et al. The impact of the immunophenotyping characteristics of patients’ peripheral blood on the manufacturing and clinical outcome of CD7-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Blood. 2021;138(1):3830.
   Google Scholar
• Wang X, Li S, Gao L, et al. Clinical safety and efficacy study of TruUCARTM GC027: the first-in-human, universal CAR-T therapy for adult relapsed/refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R T-ALL). Cancer Res. 2020;80(1):CT052.
   Google Scholar
• Frankel A, Zuckero S, Mankin A, et al. Anti-CD3 recombinant diphtheria immunotoxin therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Curr Drug Targets. 2009;10(2):104–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen KH, Wada M, Firor AE, et al. Novel anti-CD3 chimeric antigen receptor targeting of aggressive T cell malignancies. Oncotarget. 2016;7(35):56219–56232.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rasaiyaah J, Georgiadis C, Preece R, et al. TCRαβ/CD3 disruption enables CD3-specific antileukemic T cell immunotherapy. JCI Insight. 2018;3(13):e99442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juillerat A, Tkach D, Yang M, et al. Straight forward generation of ultrapure off-the-shelf allogeneic CAR-T cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020;8:678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinz K, Liu H, Golightly M, et al. Preclinical targeting of human T-cell malignancies using CD4-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells. Leukemia. 2016;30(3):701–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinz KG, Yakaboski E, Jares A, et al. Targeting T-cell malignancies using anti-CD4 CAR NK-92 cells. Oncotarget. 2017;8(68):112783–112796.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ma G, Shen J, Pinz K, et al. Targeting T cell malignancies using CD4CAR T-cells and implementing a natural safety switch. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2019;15(3):443–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Martinez D, Baroni ML, Gutierrez-Aguera F, et al. Fratricide-resistant CD1a-specific CAR T cells for the treatment of cortical T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2019;133(21):2291–2304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maciocia PM, Wawrzyniecka PA, Philip B, et al. Targeting the T cell receptor β-chain constant region for immunotherapy of T cell malignancies. Nat Med. 2017;23(12):1416–1423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oka S, Ono K, Nohgawa M. Successful treatment with brentuximab vedotin for relapsed and refractory adult T cell leukemia. Anticancer Drugs. 2020;31(5):536–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick K, Wade R, Goulden N, et al. Outcome for children and young people with Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated on a contemporary protocol, UKALL 2003. Br J Haematol. 2014;166(3):421–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Vlierberghe P, Ambesi-Impombato A, De Keersmaecker K, et al. Prognostic relevance of integrated genetic profiling in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2013;122(1):74–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asnafi V, Buzyn A, Le Noir S, et al. NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutation identifies a large subgroup with favorable outcome in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL): a group for research on adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (GRAALL) study. Blood. 2009;113(17):3918–3924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper ML, DiPersio JF. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) for the treatment of T-cell malignancies. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2019;32(4):101097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marofi F, Saleh MM, Rahman HS, et al. CAR-engineered NK cells; a promising therapeutic option for treatment of hematological malignancies. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyquem J, Mansilla-Soto J, Giavridis T, et al. Targeting a CAR to the TRAC locus with CRISPR/Cas9 enhances tumour rejection. Nature. 2017;543(7643):113–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diorio C, Murray R, Naniong M, et al. Cytosine base editing enables quadruple-edited allogeneic CAR-T cells for T-ALL. Blood. 2022;140(6):619–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mamonkin M, Mukherjee M, Srinivasan M, et al. Reversible transgene expression reduces fratricide and permits 4-1BB costimulation of CAR T cells directed to T-cell malignancies. Cancer Immunol Res. 2018;6(1):47–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar