Negotiation, power and ethics in online collaborative translation: translation of “COVID-19” by Wikipedia translator-editors

References

• Alfer, A. 2017. “Translaboration. Translation as Collaboration.” Special Issue of Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts 3 (3).
   Google Scholar
• Alhajj, R., and J. Rokne. 2018. Encyclopaedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, M. 2006. Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, M. 2013. “Translation as an Alternative Space for Political Action.” Social Movement Studies: Journal of Social, Cultural and Political Protest 12 (1): 23–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2012.685624.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastian, M., S. Heymann, and M. Jacomy. 2009. “Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks.” In Proceedings of the 3rd International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, San Jose, CA, USA, 17–20 May 2009 3 ( 1): 361–362.
   Google Scholar
• Boéri, J., and C. Maier 2010. Compromiso Social y Traducción/Interpretación. Translation/Interpreting and Social Activism. Granada, Spain: ECOS.
   Google Scholar
• Bruns, A. 2008. Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life and Beyond: From Production to Produsage. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Chesterman, A. 2001. “Proposal for a Hieronymic Oath.” The Translator 7 (2): 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2001.10799097.
   Google Scholar
• Chesterman, A. 2020. “Virtue Ethics in Translation.” In The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Ethics, edited by K. Koskinen and N. K. Pokorn, 13–24. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, H. H., and E. F. Schaefer. 1989. “Contributing to Discourse.” Cognitive Science 13 (2): 259–294. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1302_7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordingley, A., and C. Frigau Manning 2017. Collaborative Translation: From the Renaissance to the Digital Age. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Cronin, M. 2010. “The Translation Crowd.” Tradumàtica tecnologies de la traducció 8 (8): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.100.
   Google Scholar
• Degenne, A., and M. Forsé. 1999. Introducing Social Networks, Translated by Arthur Borges. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Dewey, C. 2015. “Wikipedia Has a Ton of Money. So Why is It Begging You to Donate Yours?” Accessed July 16, 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/12/02/wikipedia-has-a-ton-of-money-so-why-is-it-begging-you-to-donate-yours/.
   Google Scholar
• Dodd, S. M. 2011. “Crowdsourcing: Social[ism] Media 2.0.” Translorial: Journal of the Northern California Translators Association. Retrieved from http://translorial.com/2011/01/01/crowdsourcing-socialism-media-2-0/.
   Google Scholar
• Drugan, J. 2011. “Translation Ethics Wikified: How Far Do Professional Codes of Ethics and Practice Apply to Non-Professionally Produced Translation?” Linguistica Antverpiensia 10:111–127. https://doi.org/10.52034/lanstts.v10i.280.
   Google Scholar
• Folaron, D., and H. Buzelin. 2007. “Introduction: Connecting Translation and Network Studies.” Meta 52 (4): 605–642. https://doi.org/10.7202/017689ar.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Góngora-Goloubintseff, J. G. 2020. “The Falklands/Malvinas War Taken to the Wikipedia Realm: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Cross-Lingual Violations of the Neutral Point of View.” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 6 (59). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0435-2.
   Google Scholar
• Góngora-Goloubintseff, J. G. 2022. “Assessing the Impact of Translation Guidelines in Wikipedia. A Praxeological Approach to the Study of Documented Standards Across Four Language Communities.” Translation Spaces 11 (2): 254–276. https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.21028.gon.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouadec, D. 2007. Translation as a Profession. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Gredel, J. 2017. “Digital Discourse Analysis and Wikipedia: Bridging the Gap Between Foucauldian Discourse Analysis and Digital Conversation Analysis.” Journal of Pragmatics 115:99–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2017.02.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautasaari, A., and T. Ishida. 2011. “Discussion About Translation in Wikipedia.” Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Culture and Computing, Kyoto, Japan, 127–128.
   Google Scholar
• Hebenstreit, G. 2019. “Coming to Terms with Social Translation: A Terminological Approach.” Translation Studies 12 (2): 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2019.1681290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heritage, J. 2013. “Epistemics in Conversation.” In The Handbook of Conversation Analysis, edited by J. Sidnell and T. Stivers, 370–394. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Hersant, P. 2017. “Author-Translator Collaborations: A Typological Survey.” In Collaborative Translation: From Renaissance to the Digital Age, edited by A. Corgingley and C. Frigau Manning, 91–110. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Jansen, H., and A. Wegener. 2013. “Multiple Translatorship.” In Authorial and Editorial Voices 1: Collaborative Relationships Between Authors, Translators and Performers, edited by H. Jansen and A. Wegener, 1–39. Montreal: Éditions québécoises de l’oeuvre.
   Google Scholar
• Jiménez-Crespo, M. 2017. Crowdsourcing and Online Collaborative Translations: Expanding the Limits of Translation Studies. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, H. 2018. “‘Wikipedia’, Translation and the Collaborative Production of Spatial Knowledge.” Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics 38:264–297. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26496377.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, H. 2019. “Wikipedia as a Translation Zone: A Heterotopic Analysis of the Online Encyclopedia and Its Collaborative Volunteer Translator Community.” Target International Journal of Translation Studies 31 (1): 77–97. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.18062.jon.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, H. 2023. ““Gua Means scrape”: A Conversation Analysis of Identity Construction and Negotiation in Polylogal Wikipedia Paratext.” Translation Studies 16 (3): 379–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2023.2229330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, K. 2016. Textual Curation: Authorship, Agency, and Technology in Wikipedia and Chambers’s Cyclopaedia. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
   Google Scholar
• Keohane, R. 1984. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McDonough Dolmaya, J. 2011. “Moral Ambiguity: Some Shortcomings of Professional Codes of Ethics for Translators.” Journal of Specialised Translation 15:28–49. https://jostrans.org/issue15/art_mcdonough.php#backto_note_11.
   Google Scholar
• McDonough Dolmaya, J. 2015. “Revision History: Translation Trends in Wikipedia.” Translation Studies 8 (1): 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2014.943279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonough Dolmaya, J. 2017. “Expanding the Sum of All Human Knowledge: Wikipedia, Translation and Linguistic Justice.” The Translator 23 (2): 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2017.1321519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonough Dolmaya, Julie, and M. D. M. Sánchez Ramos. 2019. “Characterizing Online Social Translation.” Translation Studies 12 (2): 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2019.1697736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Hagan, M. 2009. “Evolution of User-Generated Translation: Fansubs, Translation Hacking and Crowdsourcing.” The Journal of Internationalisation and Localisation 1:94–121. https://doi.org/10.1075/jial.1.04hag.
   Google Scholar
• Olohan, M. 2014. “Why Do You Translate? Motivation to Volunteer and TED Translation.” Translation Studies 7 (1): 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2013.781952.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-González, L. 2010. “Ad-Hocracies of Translation Activism in the Blogosphere: A Genealogical Case Study.” In Text and Context: Essays on Translation and Interpreting in Honour of Ian Mason, edited by M. Baker, M. Olohan, and M. Calzada Pérez, 259–287. Manchester: Jerome Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Pym, A. 2000. “On Cooperation.” In Intercultural Faultlines: Research Models in Translation Studies I: Textual and Cognitive Aspects, edited by M. Olohan, 181–192. Manchester: Jerome Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Pym, A. 2015. “Book review of Minako O’Hagan.” Translation as a Social Activity Community Translation 2 0 Target 27 (1): 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.27.1.14pym.
   Google Scholar
• Pym, A. 2021. “Cooperation, Risk, Trust: A Restatement of Translator Ethics.” STRIDON: Studies in Translation and Interpreting 1 (2): 5–24. https://doi.org/10.4312/stridon.1.2.5-24.
   Google Scholar
• QSR International Pty Ltd. 2020. NVivo (released in March 2020), https://www.qsrinternational.com/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software/home.
   Google Scholar
• Reagle, J. M., Jr. 2010. Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Risku, H., R. Rogl, and C. Pein-Weber. 2016. “Mutual Dependencies: Centrality in Translation Networks.” Journal of Specialised Translation 25:232–253. https://www.jostrans.org/issue25/art_risku.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Roy, D., S. Bhatia, and P. Jain. 2020. “A Topic-Aligned Multilingual Corpus of Wikipedia Articles for Studying Information Asymmetry in Low Resource Languages.” In Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, Marseille, France, 2373–2380. European Language Resources Association.
   Google Scholar
• Ruprechter, T., M. Horta Ribeiro, T. Santos, F. Lemmerich, M. Strohmaier, R. West, and D. Helic. 2021. “Volunteer Contributions to Wikipedia Increased During COVID-19 Mobility Restrictions.” Scientific Report 11 (1): 21505. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00789-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short, J., E. Williams, and B. Christie. 1976. The Social Psychology of Telecommunications. London: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Shuttleworth, M. 2017. “Locating Foci of Translation on Wikipedia: Some Methodological Proposals.” Translation Spaces 6 (2): 310–332. https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.6.2.07shu.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soller, A. 2001. “Supporting Social Interaction in an Intelligent Collaborative Learning System.” International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 12 (1): 40–62.
   Google Scholar
• Torres-Simón, E. 2019. “The Concept of Translation in Wikipedia.” Translation Studies 12 (3): 273–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2018.1534605.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toury, G. 2012. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Wadensjö, C. 1998. Interpreting as Interaction. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organization). 2022. “Naming the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Virus That Causes It.” Accessed December 24, 2022. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it.
   Google Scholar
• Wikipedia 2022a. “Wikipedia: Ethical Code for Wikipedians.” Wikipedia. Accessed December 24, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ethical_Code_for_Wikipedians.
   Google Scholar
• Wikipedia 2022b. 维基百科讨论:COVID-19條目共識 [“Consensus on the Article of ‘COVID-19”]. Accessed November 14, 2023. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:COVID-19%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE%E5%85%B1%E8%AD%98.
   Google Scholar
• Wikipedia 2022c. “Wikipedia: Five Pillars.” Wikipedia. Accessed December 24, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars.
   Google Scholar
• Wikipedia 2022d. “Wikipedia: Wikipedians.” Wikipedia. Accessed December 24, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedians.
   Google Scholar
• Xtools. 2022. Accessed December 24, 2022. https://xtools.wmflabs.org/articleinfo/zh.wikipedia.org/2019冠状病毒病.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, J. 2020. “Participatory, Self-Organising, and Learning. The Patterns and Influence of Peer Communication in Online Collaborative Translation.” Target 32 (2): 327–357. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.19156.yan.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, C. 2022. Online Collaborative Translation in China and Beyond. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Zarisheva, E., and T. Scheffler. 2015. “Dialog Act Annotation for Twitter Conversations.” Proceedings of SIGDIAL, Prague, Czech Republic, September 2-4, 2015, 114–123.
   Google Scholar
• Zwischenberger, C. 2020. “Translaboration. Exploring Collaboration in Translation and Translation in Collaboration.” Target 32 (2): 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.20106.zwi.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwischenberger, C. 2022a. “Online Collaborative Translation: Its Ethical, Social and Conceptual Conditions and Consequences.” Perspectives 30 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2021.1872662.
   Google Scholar
• Zwischenberger, C. 2022b. “Online Collaborative Translation: Probing Its Suitability as a Meta-Concept and Its Exploitative Potential Linked to Labour/Work.” In Translaboration in Analogue and Digital Practice, edited by C. Zwischenberger and A. Alfer, 213–241. Berlin, German: Frank & Timm.
   Google Scholar
• Zwischenberger, C. 2023. “On Turns and Fashions in Translation Studies and Beyond.” Translation Studies 16 (1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2022.2052950.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwischenberger, C., and A. Alfer 2022. Translaboration in Analogue and Digital Practice. Labour, Power, Ethics. Berlin, German: Frank & Timme.
   Google Scholar