468
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A systematic review of shrinking cities literature: lessons from the past and directions for the future

Pages 219-238 | Received 04 Apr 2022, Accepted 17 Apr 2023, Published online: 27 Apr 2023

References

  • Alves, D., A. P. Barreira, M. H. Guimarães, and T. Panagopoulos. 2016. “Historical Trajectories of Currently Shrinking Portuguese Cities: A Typology of Urban Shrinkage.” Cities 52: 20–29. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2015.11.008.
  • Amado, C. A. F., A. P. Barreira, S. P. Santos, and M. H. Guimarães. 2019. “Comparing the Quality of Life of Cities That Gained and Lost Population: An Assessment with DEA and the Malmquist Index.” Papers in Regional Science 98 (5): 2075–2097. doi:10.1111/pirs.12448.
  • Audirac, I. 2018. “Shrinking Cities: An Unfit Term for American Urban Policy?” Cities 75: 12–19. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2017.05.001.
  • Bailey, S. J. 1982. “Central City Decline and the Provision of Education Services.” Urban Studies 19 (3): 263–279. doi:10.1080/00420988220080501.
  • Barreira, A. P., D. Agapito, T. Panagopoulos, and M. H. Guimarães. 2016. “Exploring Residential Satisfaction in Shrinking Cities: A Decision-Tree Approach.” Urban Research & Practice 10 (2): 1–22. doi:10.1080/17535069.2016.1179784.
  • Benkő, M., R. Balla, and G. Hory. 2018. “Participatory Place-Making in the Renewal of Post-Communist Large Prefabricated Housing Estate.” Journal of Place Management and Development 11 (2): 223–241. doi:10.1108/JPMD-06-2017-0050.
  • Berland, A., D. H. Locke, D. L. Herrmann, and K. Schwarz. 2020. “Beauty or Blight? Abundant Vegetation in the Presence of Disinvestment Across Residential Parcels and Neighborhoods in Toledo, OH.” Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8, doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.566759.
  • Bogataj, D., D. R. McDonnell, and M. Bogataj. 2016. “Management, Financing and Taxation of Housing Stock in the Shrinking Cities of Aging Societies.” International Journal of Production Economics 181: 2–13. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.08.017.
  • Bontje, M. 2004. “Facing the Challenge of Shrinking Cities in East Germany: The Case of Leipzig.” Geo Journal 61: 13–21. doi:10.1007/s10708-005-0843-2.
  • Bradbury, K. L., A. Downs, and K. A. Small. 1980. “Some Dynamics of Central City- Suburban Interactions.” American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 70 (2): 410–414. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019114718&partnerID=40&md5=ad8abfce1a073e2c91073fce62360a89.
  • Cameron, J. 1986. The Political Economy of Decline in the Transition to Capitalism: Norwich 1750-1850. Development Studies Discussion Paper - University of East Anglia, 197. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022834451&partnerID=40&md5=ef17efee20445f09bc93350085b88ad6.
  • Camilo, G. R., P. A. Muñiz, M. S. Arduser, and E. M. Spevak. 2017. “A Checklist of the Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Louis, Missouri, USA.” Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 90 (3): 175–188. doi:10.2317/0022-8567-90.3.175.
  • Campos-Sánchez, F. S., F. J. Abarca-álvarez, and R. Reinoso-Bellido. 2019. “Sustainable Environmental Strategies for Shrinking Cities Based on Processing Successful Case Studies Facing Decline Using a Decision-Support System.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, doi:10.3390/ijerph16193727.
  • Chen, Y., E. A. Silva, and J. P. Reis. 2021. “Measuring Policy Debate in a Regrowing City by Sentiment Analysis Using Online Media Data: A Case Study of Leipzig 2030.” Regional Science Policy & Practice, doi:10.1111/rsp3.12292.
  • Cobo, M. J., A. G. López-Herrera, E. Herrera-Viedma, and F. Herrera. 2011a. “An Approach for Detecting, Quantifying, and Visualizing the Evolution of a Research Field: A Practical Application to the Fuzzy Sets Theory Field.” Journal of Informetrics 5 (1): 146–166. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2010.10.002.
  • Cobo, M. J., A. G. López-Herrera, E. Herrera-Viedma, and F. Herrera. 2011b. “Science Mapping Software Tools: Review, Analysis, and Cooperative Study among Tools.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 62 (7): 1382–1402. doi:10.1002/asi.21525.
  • Cobo, M. J., A. G. López-Herrera, E. Herrera-Viedma, and F. Herrera. 2012. “SciMAT: A new Science Mapping Analysis Software Tool.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 63 (8): 1609–1630. doi:10.1002/asi.22688.
  • Constantinescu, I. P. 2012. “Shrinking Cities in Romania: Former Mining Cities in Valea Jiului.” Built Environment 38 (2): 214–228. doi:10.2148/benv.38.2.214.
  • Cortese, C., K. Grossmann, A. Haase, and I. Ticha. 2016. “Governing Social Cohesion in Shrinking Cities: The Cases of Ostrava, Genoa and Leipzig.” In Future Directions for the European Shrinking City, edited by W. J. Neill and H. Schlappa, 27–43. New York: Taylor and Francis Inc.
  • Couch, C., J. Karecha, H. Nuissl, and D. Rink. 2005. “Decline and Sprawl: An Evolving Type of Urban Development - Observed in Liverpool and Leipzig.” European Planning Studies 13 (1): 117–136. doi:10.1080/0965431042000312433.
  • Di Biase, S. and Barreira, A.P. 2019. “Shrinking and Resurgent Cities in Italy: Size, Location and Causes.” Scienze Regionali 18 (1): 115–144. doi:10.14650/92355.
  • Döringer, S., Y. Uchiyama, M. Penker, and R. Kohsaka. 2020. “A Meta-Analysis of Shrinking Cities in Europe and Japan. Towards an Integrative Research Agenda.” European Planning Studies 28 (9): 1693–1712. doi:10.1080/09654313.2019.1604635.
  • Du, Z., H. Zhang, G. Huang, and L. Jin. 2021. “Local State Responses to Crisis-Induced Shrinkage in the World’s FactoryDongguan, China: Regional Resilience Perspective.” Journal of Urban Planning and Development 147, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000697.
  • Dye, T. R. 1984. “Government Finances in Declining Central Cities.” Publius 14 (2): 21–29. doi:10.2307/3330101.
  • Endsley, K. A., D. G. Brown, and E. Bruch. 2018. “Housing Market Activity is Associated with Disparities in Urban and Metropolitan Vegetation.” Ecosystems 21 (8): 1593–1607. doi:10.1007/s10021-018-0242-4.
  • Eraydin, A., and G. Özatağan. 2021. “Pathways to a Resilient Future: A Review of Policy Agendas and Governance Practices in Shrinking Cities.” Cities 115, doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103226.
  • Frazier, A. E., S. Bagchi-Sen, and J. Knight. 2013. “The Spatio-Temporal Impacts of Demolition Land use Policy and Crime in a Shrinking City.” Applied Geography 41: 55–64. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.02.014.
  • Frey, W. H. 1980. “Black in-Migration, White Flight, and the Changing Economic Base of the Central City.” American Journal of Sociology 85 (6): 1396–1417. doi:10.1086/227170.
  • Friedrichs, J. 1993. “A Theory of Urban Decline: Economy, Demography and Political Elites.” Urban Studies 30 (6): 907–917. doi:10.1080/00420989320080851.
  • Gentile, M., and S. Marcińczak. 2012. “No More Work for Stakhanov: Migrants and Stayers in the Depopulating Donbas, Ukraine.” Urban Geography 33 (3): 401–419. doi:10.2747/0272-3638.33.3.401.
  • Ghosh, S., S. Byahut, and C. Masilela. 2019. “Metropolitan Regional Scale Smart City Approaches in a Shrinking City in the American Rust Belt—Case of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.” In Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements, edited by T. M. Vinod Kumar, 979–1021. Singapore: Springer.
  • Govender, N., and P. S. Reddy. 2020. “Urban Decay and Regeneration in the African City.” In Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, edited by D. Seck, J. U. Elu, and Y. Nyarko, 213–230. Dakar, Senegal: Springer Nature.
  • Großmann, K., T. Arndt, A. Haase, D. Rink, and A. Steinführer. 2015. “The Influence of Housing Oversupply on Residential Segregation: Exploring the Post-Socialist City of Leipzig.” Urban Geography 36 (4): 550–577. doi:10.1080/02723638.2015.1014672.
  • Großmann, K., M. Bontje, A. Haase, and V. Mykhnenko. 2013. “Shrinking Cities: Notes for the Further Research Agenda.” Cities 35: 221–225. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2013.07.007.
  • Guimarães, M. H., L. C. Nunes, A. P. Barreira, and T. Panagopoulos. 2016. “Residents’ Preferred Policy Actions for Shrinking Cities.” Policy Studies 37 (3): 254–273. doi:10.1080/01442872.2016.1146245.
  • Haase, D. 2013. “Shrinking Cities, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.” In Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities: A Global Assessment, edited by T. Elmqvist, M. Fragkias, J. Goodness, B. Güneralp, P. J. Marcotullio, R. I. McDonald, S. Parnell, et al., 253–274. Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London: Springer Netherlands.
  • Haase, A., M. Bernt, K. Grossmann, V. Mykhnenko, and D. Rink. 2016. “Varieties of Shrinkage in European Cities.” European Urban and Regional Studies, doi:10.1177/0969776413481985.
  • Haase, D., A. Haase, and D. Rink. 2014a. “Conceptualizing the Nexus between Urban Shrinkage and Ecosystem Services.” Landscape and Urban Planning 132 (April 2016): 159–169. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.09.003.
  • Haase, A., A. Nelle, and A. Mallach. 2017. “Representing Urban Shrinkage — The Importance of Discourse as a Frame for Understanding Conditions and Policy.” Cities 69: 95–101. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.007.
  • Haase, A., D. Rink, K. Grossmann, M. Bernt, and V. Mykhnenko. 2014b. “Conceptualizing Urban Shrinkage.” Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 46 (7): 1519–1534. doi:10.1068/a46269.
  • Hackworth, J. 2014. “The Limits to Market-Based Strategies for Addressing Land Abandonment in Shrinking American Cities.” Progress in Planning 90: 1–37. doi:10.1016/j.progress.2013.03.004.
  • Hackworth, J. 2016. “Demolition as Urban Policy in the American Rust Belt.” Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 48 (11): 2201–2222. doi:10.1177/0308518X16654914.
  • Hajian Hossein Abadi, M., and A. R. Khavarian-Garmsir. 2022. “Distinct Trajectories of City Growth, City Shrinkage and Development in the Iranian Province of Khuzestan.” Area Development and Policy, doi:10.1080/23792949.2021.1931381.
  • Hartt, M. D. 2016. “How Cities Shrink: Complex Pathways to Population Decline.” Cities, doi:10.1016/j.cities.2016.12.005.
  • Hartt, M. 2017. “The Diversity of North American Shrinking Cities.” Urban Studies, August, 004209801773001, doi:10.1177/0042098017730013.
  • Hartt, M. 2021. “The Elasticity of Shrinking Cities: An Analysis of Indicators.” The Professional Geographer 73 (2): 230–239. doi:10.1080/00330124.2021.1871764.
  • Hattori, K., K. Kaido, and M. Matsuyuki. 2017. “The Development of Urban Shrinkage Discourse and Policy Response in Japan.” Cities 69: 124–132. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2017.02.011.
  • He, S. Y., J. Lee, T. Zhou, and D. Wu. 2017. “Shrinking Cities and Resource-Based Economy: The Economic Restructuring in China’s Mining Cities.” Cities 60: 75–83. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2016.07.009.
  • He, Y., and L. Yang. 2019. “Research on the Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Shrinking Cities in Jilin Province.” In Urban Book Series, edited by Y. Long and S. Gao, 63–81. Singapore: Springer.
  • Herrmann, D. L., W.-C. Chuang, K. Schwarz, T. M. Bowles, A. S. Garmestani, W. D. Shuster, T. Eason, M. E. Hopton, and C. R. Allen. 2018. “Agroecology for the Shrinking City.” Sustainability 10, doi:10.3390/su10030675.
  • Herrmann, D. L., K. Schwarz, W. D. Shuster, A. Berland, B. C. Chaffin, A. S. Garmestani, and M. E. Hopton. 2016. “Ecology for the Shrinking City.” BioScience 66 (11): 965–973. doi:10.1093/biosci/biw062.
  • Herrmann, D. L., W. D. Shuster, and A. S. Garmestani. 2017. “Vacant Urban lot Soils and Their Potential to Support Ecosystem Services.” Plant and Soil 413 (1–2): 45–57. doi:10.1007/s11104-016-2874-5.
  • Hirt, S., and R. Beauregard. 2021. “Must Shrinking Cities be Distressed Cities? A Historical and Conceptual Critique.” International Planning Studies 26 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1080/13563475.2019.1661226.
  • Hoekveld, J. J. 2015. “Spatial Differentiation of Population Development in a Declining Region: The Case of Saarland.” Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 97 (1): 47–68. doi:10.1111/geob.12065.
  • Hoekveld, J. J., and M. Bontje. 2016. “Intra-Regional Differentiation of Population Development in Southern-Limburg, the Netherlands.” Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie 107 (3): 282–297. doi:10.1111/tesg.12149.
  • Hollander, J. B. 2011. “Can a City Successfully Shrink? Evidence from Survey Data on Neighborhood Quality.” Urban Affairs Review 47 (1): 129–141. doi:10.1177/1078087410379099.
  • Hollander, J. B., and J. Németh. 2011. “The Bounds of Smart Decline: A Foundational Theory for Planning Shrinking Cities.” Housing Policy Debate 21 (3): 349–367. doi:10.1080/10511482.2011.585164.
  • Hollander, J. B., and K. Pallagst. 2009. Planning shrinking cities. 37.
  • Ivanov, B. 2021. “Narratives of Crisis: How Framing Urban Shrinkage and Depopulation Shapes Policy and Planning Responses in Spain, Germany and the Netherlands.” Sustainability 13, doi:10.3390/su131911045.
  • Jaroszewska, E. 2019. “Urban Shrinkage and Regeneration of an Old Industrial City: The Case of Wałbrzych in Poland.” Quaestiones Geographicae 38 (2): 75–90. doi:10.2478/quageo-2019-0023.
  • Jaroszewska, E., and T. Stryjakiewicz. 2020. “Drivers, Scale, and Geography of Urban Shrinkage in Poland and Policy Responses.” Journal of Urban Planning and Development 146 (4), doi:10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000601.
  • Kantor-Pietraga, I. 2021. “Does one Decade of Urban Policy for the Shrinking City Make Visible Progress in Urban re-Urbanization? A Case Study of Bytom, Poland.” Sustainability 13, doi:10.3390/su13084408.
  • Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R., A. Pourahmad, H. Hataminejad, and R. Farhoodi. 2019. “Climate Change and Environmental Degradation and the Drivers of Migration in the Context of Shrinking Cities: A Case Study of Khuzestan Province, Iran.” Sustainable Cities and Society 47, doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101480.
  • Kim, S. 2019. “Design Strategies to Respond to the Challenges of Shrinking City.” Journal of Urban Design 24 (1): 49–64. doi:10.1080/13574809.2018.1554345.
  • Kim, G., G. Newman, and B. Jiang. 2020. “Urban Regeneration: Community Engagement Process for Vacant Land in Declining Cities.” Cities 102, doi:10.1016/j.cities.2020.102730.
  • Kim, H., and K. K. F. So. 2022. “Two Decades of Customer Experience Research in Hospitality and Tourism: A Bibliometric Analysis and Thematic Content Analysis.” International Journal of Hospitality Management 100 (July 2021): 103082. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103082.
  • Kotilainen, J., I. Eisto, and E. Vatanen. 2015. “Uncovering Mechanisms for Resilience: Strategies to Counter Shrinkage in a Peripheral City in Finland.” European Planning Studies 23 (1): 53–68. doi:10.1080/09654313.2013.820086.
  • Lauf, S., D. Haase, and B. Kleinschmit. 2016. “The Effects of Growth, Shrinkage, Population Aging and Preference Shifts on Urban Development—A Spatial Scenario Analysis of Berlin, Germany.” Land Use Policy 52: 240–254. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.12.017.
  • Lee, J.-W. 2021. “Evaluating Ways to Form a Sense of Community in a Shrinking City: The Case of the Media Culture Center, Seocheon, South Korea.” Sustainability 13, doi:10.3390/su13073845.
  • Lee, J., and G. Newman. 2017. “Forecasting Urban Vacancy Dynamics in a Shrinking City: A Land Transformation Model.” ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 6 (4), doi:10.3390/ijgi6040124.
  • Li, H., K. Lo, and P. Zhang. 2020. “Population Shrinkage in Resource-Dependent Cities in China: Processes, Patterns and Drivers.” Chinese Geographical Science 30, doi:10.1007/s11769-019-1077-4.
  • Liu, Y., M. Batty, S. Wang, and J. Corcoran. 2021. “Modelling Urban Change with Cellular Automata: Contemporary Issues and Future Research Directions.” Progress in Human Geography 45 (1): 3–24. doi:10.1177/0309132519895305.
  • Liu, Z., S. Liu, and Y. Song. 2020. “Understanding Urban Shrinkage in China: Developing a Multi-Dimensional Conceptual Model and Conducting Empirical Examination from 2000 to 2010.” Habitat International 104, doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102256.
  • Maas, A. 2009. “Shrinking Cities in the Czech Republic? The Case Study of Brno.” Moravian Geographical Reports 17 (3): 27–40. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77950284794&partnerID=40&md5=8b8bfc8c659d5a05fa51aa3b6d7adb45.
  • Maes, M., M. Loopmans, and C. Kesteloot. 2012. “Urban Shrinkage and Everyday Life in Post-Socialist Cities: Living with Diversity in Hrušov, Ostrava, Czech Republic.” Built Environment 38 (2): 229–243. doi:10.2148/benv.38.2.229.
  • Markus, G. B., and A. Krings. 2020. “Planning, Participation, and Power in a Shrinking City: The Detroit Works Project.” Journal of Urban Affairs, 1141–1163. doi:10.1080/07352166.2020.1779009.
  • Morckel, V., and B. Hanlon. 2022. “Weak Housing Demand in a Shrinking City: The Potential Effects of the Water Crisis on Flint, Michigan’s Housing Market and Homeowners’ Perceived Mobility.” Housing and Society, doi:10.1080/08882746.2021.1902192.
  • Nelle, A., K. Großmann, D. Haase, S. Kabisch, D. Rink, and M. Wolff. 2017. “Urban Shrinkage in Germany: An Entangled web of Conditions, Debates and Policies.” Cities 69: 116–123. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2017.02.006.
  • Newman, G., J. Lee, and P. Berke. 2016. “Using the Land Transformation Model to Forecast Vacant Land.” Journal of Land Use Science 11 (4): 450–475. doi:10.1080/1747423X.2016.1162861.
  • Newman, G., R. J. Lee, D. Gu, Y. Park, J. Saginor, S. Van Zandt, and W. Li. 2019. “Evaluating Drivers of Housing Vacancy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Large U.S. Cities from 1960 to 2010.” Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 34 (3): 807–827. doi:10.1007/s10901-019-09684-w.
  • Olsen, A. 2013. “Shrinking Cities: Fuzzy Concept or Useful Framework?” Berkeley Planning Journal 26 (1): 107–132. doi:10.5070/BP326115821.
  • Oswalt, P., and T. Rieniets. 2006. Atlas of Shrinking Cities. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz.
  • Pallagst, K. M..2012. “Shrinking cities in the United States: Policies and strategies.” In Demographic Change and Local Devvelopment: Shrinkage, Regeneration and Social Dynamics, edited by C. Martinez, N. Kubo, A. Noya, and T. Weyman, 41–47. OECD/LEED..
  • Pallagst, K., R. Fleschurz, S. Nothof, and T. Uemura. 2021. “Shrinking Cities: Implications for Planning Cultures?” Urban Studies 58 (1): 164–181. doi:10.1177/0042098019885549.
  • Pallagst, K., R. Fleschurz, and S. Said. 2017. “What Drives Planning in a Shrinking City? Tales from two German and two American Cases.” Town Planning Review 88 (1): 15–28. doi:10.3828/tpr.2017.3.
  • Pallagst, K., T. Wiechmann, and C. Martinez-Fernandez. 2013. Shrinking Cities: International Perspectives and Policy Implications. New York: Routledge.
  • Park, Y., M. Kim, and K. Seong. 2021a. “Happy Neighborhoods: Investigating Neighborhood Conditions and Sentiments of a Shrinking City with Twitter Data.” Growth and Change 52 (1): 539–566. doi:10.1111/grow.12451.
  • Park, Y., G. D. Newman, J.-E. Lee, and S. Lee. 2021b. “Identifying and Comparing Vacant Housing Determinants Across South Korean Cities.” Applied Geography 136, doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102566.
  • Parker, S., and R. Atkinson. 2020. “Disorderly Cities and the Policy-Making Field: The 1981 English Riots and the Management of Urban Decline.” British Politics 15 (2): 160–177. doi:10.1057/s41293-018-00094-0.
  • Pedroni, T. C. 2011. “Urban Shrinkage as a Performance of Whiteness: Neoliberal Urban Restructuring, Education, and Racial Containment in the Post-Industrial, Global Niche City.” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 32 (2): 203–215. doi:10.1080/01596306.2011.562666.
  • Popescu, C. 2014. “Deindustrialization and Urban Shrinkage in Romania. What Lessons for the Spatial Policy?” Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences 42: 181–202.
  • Pourahmad, A., A. R. Khavarian-garmsir, and H. Hataminejad. 2016. “Social Inequality, City Shrinkage and City Growth in Khuzestan Province, Iran.” Area Development and Policy 1, doi:10.1080/23792949.2016.1170581.
  • Ribant, M., and X. Chen. 2020. “A Typology of U.S. Shrinking Cities.” The Professional Geographer 72 (1): 152–164. doi:10.1080/00330124.2019.1633366.
  • Rieniets, T. 2009. “Shrinking Cities: Causes and Effects of Urban Population Losses in the Twentieth Century.” Nature and Culture 4 (3): 231–254. doi:10.3167/nc.2009.040302.
  • Rienow, A., D. Stenger, and G. Menz. 2014. “Sprawling Cities and Shrinking Regions - Forecasting Urban Growth in the RUHR for 2025 by Coupling Cells and Agents.” Erdkunde 68 (2): 85–107. doi:10.3112/erdkunde.2014.02.02.
  • Rink, D., C. Couch, A. Haase, R. Krzysztofik, B. Nadolu, and P. Rumpel. 2014. “The Governance of Urban Shrinkage in Cities of Post-Socialist Europe: Policies, Strategies and Actors.” Urban Research & Practice 7 (3): 258–277. doi:10.1080/17535069.2014.966511.
  • Ryan, B. D. 2012. “Rightsizing Shrinking Cities: The Urban Design Dimension.” In The City After Abandonment, edited by M. Dewar and J. M. Thomas, 268–288. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899089256&partnerID=40&md5=818049948582303bafeb7a6430f90a1a.
  • Sanders, R. A. 1978. American Urban Decline: Updating Evolutionary Trends. Discussion Paper, Dept. Geography, Syracuse University, 48. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0018049266&partnerID=40&md5=725f894083819a593b2d83ec50fec809.
  • Schmidt, S., A. Krehl, S. Fina, and S. Siedentop. 2021. “Does the Monocentric Model Work in a Polycentric Urban System? An Examination of German Metropolitan Regions.” Urban Studies 58 (8): 1674–1690. doi:10.1177/0042098020912980.
  • Schwarz, N., D. Haase, and R. Seppelt. 2010. “Omnipresent Sprawl? A Review of Urban Simulation Models with Respect to Urban Shrinkage.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 37 (2): 265–283. doi:10.1068/b35087.
  • Segers, T., O. Devisch, J. Herssens, and J. Vanrie. 2020. “Conceptualizing Demographic Shrinkage in a Growing Region – Creating Opportunities for Spatial Practice.” Landscape and Urban Planning 195, doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103711.
  • Sousa, S., and P. Pinho. 2015. “Planning for Shrinkage: Paradox or Paradigm.” European Planning Studies 23 (1): 12–32. doi:10.1080/09654313.2013.820082.
  • Spórna, T., I. Kantor-Pietraga, and R. Krzysztofik. 2016. “Trajectories of Depopulation and Urban Shrinkage in the Katowice Conurbation, Poland.” Espace Populations Sociétés 1, doi:10.4000/eps.6102.
  • Stryjakiewicz, T., P. Ciesiółka, and E. Jaroszewska. 2012. “Urban Shrinkage and the Post-Socialist Transformation: The Case of Poland.” Built Environment 38 (2): 196–213. doi:10.2148/benv.38.2.196.
  • Thrift, N. 1979. “Unemployment in the Inner City: Urban Problem or Structural Imperative? A Review of the British Experience.” Geography and the Urban Environment: Progress in Research and Applications 2: 125–226. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0018672384&partnerID=40&md5=ec64d7ecd494d3c010e67e2b714f4a52.
  • Un-Habitat. 2009. “State of the World’s Cities 2008-2009: Harmonious Cities.” In United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), edited by G. L. Ooi and B. Yuen, 1–324. Singapore: Earthscan.
  • van Eck, N. J., and L. Waltman. 2010. “Software Survey: VOS viewer, a Computer Program for Bibliometric Mapping.” Scientometrics 84 (2): 523–538. doi:10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3.
  • Van Eck, N. J., and L. Waltman. 2013. “VOSviewer Manual.” Leiden: Univeristeit Leiden 1 (1): 1–53.
  • Walaszek, M. 2019. “Depopulation of the City of Poznań and its Consequences for the Local Education Policy-Making.” In Internal Migrations in Poland, edited by Ł. Skoczylas and E. Smolarkiewicz, 119–135. Warszawa: Peter Lang AG.
  • Weaver, R., and C. Holtkamp. 2015. “Geographical Approaches to Understanding Urban Decline: From Evolutionary Theory to Political Economy … and Back?” Geography Compass 9 (5): 286–302. doi:10.1111/gec3.12211.
  • Wegener, M. 1982. “Modeling Urban Decline: A Multilevel Economic-Demographic Model for the Dortmund Region.” International Regional Science Review 7 (2): 217–241. doi:10.1177/016001768200700207.
  • Wellbelove, D., A. Woods, and N. Zafiris. 1981. “Survival and Success of the Inner City Economy: The Performance of Manufacturing and Services in Islington.” Urban Studies 18 (3): 301–313. doi:10.1080/00420988120080611.
  • Wiechmann, T. 2008. “Errors Expected — Aligning Urban Strategy with Demographic Uncertainty in Shrinking Cities.” International Planning Studies 13 (4): 431–446. doi:10.1080/13563470802519097.
  • Wiechmann, T., and K. M. Pallagst. 2012. “Urban Shrinkage in Germany and the USA: A Comparison of Transformation Patterns and Local Strategies.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 36 (2): 261–280. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01095.x.
  • Wolff, M., and T. Wiechmann. 2018. “Urban Growth and Decline: Europe’s Shrinking Cities in a Comparative Perspective 1990–2010.” European Urban and Regional Studies 25 (2): 122–139. doi:10.1177/0969776417694680.
  • Woodworth, M. D. 2016. “Booms, Busts and Urban Variation Among ‘Resource-Based Cities’ in China’s Northwest.” Inner Asia 18 (1): 97–120. doi:10.1163/22105018-12340055.
  • Xiao, H., Z. Duan, Y. Zhou, N. Zhang, Y. Shan, X. Lin, and G. Liu. 2019. “CO2 Emission Patterns in Shrinking and Growing Cities: A Case Study of Northeast China and the Yangtze River Delta.” Applied Energy 251, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113384.
  • Xie, Y., H. Gong, H. Lan, and S. Zeng. 2018. “Examining Shrinking City of Detroit in the Context of Socio-Spatial Inequalities.” Landscape and Urban Planning 177: 350–361. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.03.002.
  • Yang, Z., and Y. Pan. 2020. “Are Cities Losing Their Vitality? Exploring Human Capital in Chinese Cities.” Habitat International 96, doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.102104.
  • Yin, L., H. Zhang, K. Patterson, R. Silverman, and L. Wu. 2020. “Walkability, Safety, and Housing Values in Shrinking Cities: Spatial Hedonic Study in Buffalo, Pittsburgh, and Detroit.” Journal of Urban Planning and Development 146, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000595.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.