Listening to the people: politicians’ investment in monitoring public opinion and their beliefs about accountability

References

• André, A., Depauw, S., & Martin, S. (2015). Electoral systems and legislators’ constituency effort: The mediating effect of electoral vulnerability. Comparative Political Studies, 48(4), 464–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414014545512
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• André, A., Depauw, S., Shugart, M. S., & Chytilek, R. (2017). Party nomination strategies in flexible-list systems: Do preference votes matter? Party Politics, 23(5), 589–600. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815610974
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold, R. D. (1992). The logic of congressional action. Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bartels, L M. (1991). Constituency opinion and congressional policy making: The Reagan defense buildup. American Political Science Review, 85(2), 457–474. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1963169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belchior, A. M. (2014). Explaining MPs’ perceptions of voters’ positions in a party-mediated representation system: Evidence from the Portuguese case. Party Politics, 20(3), 403–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068811436046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardi, L. (2018). Policy responsiveness and electoral incentives: A (re)assessment. Political Behavior, 1–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowler, S. (2017). Trustees, delegates, and responsiveness in comparative perspective. Comparative Political Studies, 50(6), 766–793. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414015626447
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broockman, D. E., & Skovron, C. (2018). Bias in perceptions of public opinion among political elites. American Political Science Review, 112(3), 542–563. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, D. M., & Nickerson, D. W. (2011). Can learning constituency opinion affect how legislators vote? Results from a field experiment. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 6(1), 55–83. https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00011019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canes-Wrone, B., Brady, D. W., & Cogan, J. F. (2002). Out of step, out of office: Electoral accountability and House members’ voting. American Political Science Review, 96(1), 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055402004276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey, J. M., Niemi, R. G., & Powell, L. W. (1998). The effects of term limits on state legislatures. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 23, 271–300. https://doi.org/10.2307/440283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carman, C. J. (2006). Public preferences for parliamentary representation in the UK: An overlooked link? Political Studies, 54(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2006.00568.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Converse, P. E., & Pierce, R. (1986). Political representation in France. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Deschouwer, K. (2009). The politics of Belgium. Governing a divided society. Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Disch, L. (2011). Toward a mobilization conception of democratic representation. American Political Science Review, 105(1), 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055410000602
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druckman, J. N., & Jacobs, L. R. (2006). Lumpers and splitters: The public opinion information that politicians collect and use. International Journal of Public Opinion Quarterly, 70(4), 453–476. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfl020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudzińska, A., Poyet, C., Costa, O., & Weßels, B. (2014). Representational roles. In K. Deschouwer & S. Depauw (Eds.), Representing the people (pp. 19–38). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684533.003.0002
   Google Scholar
• Esaiasson, P., Gilljam, M., & Persson, M. (2017). Responsiveness beyond policy satisfaction: Does it matter to citizens? Comparative Political Studies, 50(6), 739–765. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414015626445
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esaiasson, P., & Wlezien, C. (2017). Advances in the study of democratic responsiveness: An introduction. Comparative Political Studies, 50(6), 699–710. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414016633226
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eulau, H., Wahlke, J. C., Buchanan, W., & Ferguson, L. C. (1959). The role of the representative: Some empirical observations on the theory of Edmund Burke. American Political Science Review, 53(3), 742–756. https://doi.org/10.2307/1951941
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenno, R. (1978). Home style: House members in their districts. Longman Publishing group.
   Google Scholar
• Fiorina, M. P. (1974). Representatives, roll calls, and constituencies. Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Heitshusen, V., Young, G., & Wood, D. M. (2005). Electoral context and MP constituency focus in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. American Journal of Political Science, 49(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00108.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, L. R., & Shapiro, R. Y. (2000). Politicians don’t pander: Political manipulation and the loss of democratic responsiveness. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, B. D. (1973). Competitiveness, role orientations, and legislative responsiveness. The Journal of Politics, 35(4), 924–947. https://doi.org/10.2307/2129214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingdon, J. W. (1968). Candidates for office: Beliefs and strategies. Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Kingdon, J. W. (1984). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. Harper Collins.
   Google Scholar
• Kingdon, J. W. (1989). Congressmen’s voting decisions. University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kuklinski, J. H., & Elling, R. C. (1977). Representational role, constituency opinion, and legislative roll-call behavior. American Journal of Political Science, 21, 135–147. https://doi.org/10.2307/2110452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480–498. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner, J. S., & Tetlock, P. E. (1999). Accounting for the effects of accountability. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 255–275. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maestas, C. (2003). The incentive to listen: Progressive ambition, resources, and opinion monitoring among state legislators. The Journal of Politics, 65(2), 439–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2508.t01-3-00008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansbridge, J. (2003). Rethinking representation. American Political Science Review, 97(4), 515–528. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055403000856
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manza, J., & Cook, F. L. (2002). The impact of public opinion on public policy: The state of the debate. In J. Manza, F. L. Cook, & B. I. Page (Eds.), Navigating public opinion: Polls, policy and the future of American democracy (pp. 17–32). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mayhew, D. R. (1974). Congress: The electoral connection (Vol. 26). Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miler, K. C. (2007). The view from the hill: Legislative perceptions of the district. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 32(4), 597–628. https://doi.org/10.3162/036298007782398477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1963). Constituency influence in congress. American Political Science Review, 57(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/1952717
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öhberg, P., & Naurin, E. (2016). Party-constrained policy responsiveness: A survey experiment on politicians’ response to citizen-initiated contacts. British Journal of Political Science, 46(4), 785–797. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123415000010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilet, J.-B., Freire, A., & Costa, O. (2012). Ballot structure, district magnitude and constituency-orientation of MPs in proportional representation and majority electoral systems. Representation, 48(4), 359–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2012.720880
   Google Scholar
• Pitkin, H. F. (1969). Representation. Atherton Press.
   Google Scholar
• Searing, D. (1994). Westminster’s world: Understanding political roles. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sevenans, J. (2021). How public opinion information changes politicians’ opinions and behavior. Political Behavior, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-021-09715-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheffer, L., & Loewen, P. (2019). Electoral confidence, overconfidence, and risky behavior: Evidence from a study with elected politicians. Political Behavior, 41(1), 31–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-017-9438-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soontjens, Karolin. (2021). Do politicians anticipate voter control? A comparative study of representatives’ accountability beliefs. European Journal of Political Research. Advance online publication. http://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soroka, S. N., & Wlezien, C. (2010). Degrees of democracy: Politics, public opinion, and policy. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stimson, J. A., MacKuen, M. B., & Erikson, R. S. (1995). Dynamic representation. American Political Science Review, 89(3), 543–565. https://doi.org/10.2307/2082973
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbinati, N. (2006). Political representation as a democratic process. Redescriptions: Political Thought, Conceptual History and Feminist Theory, 10(1), 18–40. https://doi.org/10.7227/R.10.1.3
   Google Scholar
• Uslaner, E. M., & Weber, R. E. (1979). U.S. state legislators’ opinions and perceptions of constituency attitudes. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 4(4), 563. https://doi.org/10.2307/439405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wlezien, C., & Soroka, S. N.. (2016). Public opinion and public policy. InOxford research encyclopedia of politics. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.74
   Google Scholar
• Wood, D. M., & Young, G. (1997). Comparing constituency activity by junior legislators in Great Britain and Ireland. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 22, 217–232. https://doi.org/10.2307/440383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar