496
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Insights into wayfinding: urban design exploration through the use of algorithmic eye-tracking software

, , , , &

References

  • 3M Corporation. 2017. “How VAS Works.” 3m.com. 3M Visual Attention Software (VAS). 2017. http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/VAS_
  • Ahn, H. S., and J. T. Kim. 2016. “Study on Visual Recognition Enhancement of Yellow Carpet Placed at Near Pedestrian Crossing Areas: Visual Attention Software Implementation.” Journal of the Korea Society of IT Services 15 (4): 73–83. doi:10.9716/kits.2016.15.4.073.
  • Albright, T. D. 1984. “Direction and Orientation Selectivity of Neurons in Visual Area MT of the Macaque.” Journal of Neurophysiology 52 (6): 1106–1130. doi:10.1152/jn.1984.52.6.1106.
  • Albright, T. D., and G. R. Stoner. 2002. “Contextual Influences on Visual Processing.” Annual Review of Neuroscience 25 (1): 339–379. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142900.
  • Alexander, C., S. Ishikawa, and M. Silverstein. 1977. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Auffrey, C., and H. Hildebrandt. 2017. “Do Motorists See Business Signs? Maybe. Maybe Not. A Study of the Probability That Motorists View On-Premise Signs.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Signage and Wayfinding 1 (2): 100–115. doi:10.15763/issn.2470-9670.2017.v1.i2.a8.
  • Berger, C. 2014. “Typography, Placemaking, and Signs: A Four-Part SFI.” White Paper Series, Signage Foundation, Inc. https://signresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/Typography-Placemaking-and-Signs.pdf
  • Berger, C. M., and A. Eiss. 2002. “Principles of Urban Wayfinding Systems.” ITE Journal. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.451.6738&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Carrero, I., C. Valor, E. Díaz, and V. Labajo. 2021. “Designed to Be Noticed: A Reconceptualization of Carbon Food Labels as Warning Labels.” Sustainability 13 (3): 1–14. February 2. doi:10.3390/su13031581.
  • Clement, J., T. Kristensen, and K. Grønhaug. 2013. “Understanding Consumers’ In-Store Visual Perception: The Influence of Package Design Features on Visual Attention.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 20 (2): 234–239. March. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.01.003.
  • Cottrell, D. B. 2016. “Comparing Multiple Methods of Eye Tracking for Packaging [Master’s Thesis].” Clemson University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  • De Lucio, J. V., M. Mohamadian, J. P. Ruiz, J. Banayas, and F. G. Bernaldez. 1996. “Visual Landscape Exploration as Revealed by Eye Movement Tracking.” Landscape and Urban Planning 34 (2): 135–142. doi:10.1016/0169-2046(95)00208-1.
  • Duchowski, A. T. 2007. Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice. Springer.
  • Dupont, L., J. Pihel, A. Ode, and V. Van Eetvelde. 2013. “Analyzing the Perception of Water Surfaces in Urban Landscapes Using Eye Tracking.” In IALE European Congress, Abstracts. International Association for Landscape Ecology Europe (IALE Europe).
  • Ehinger, K. A., B. Hidalgo-Sotelo, A. Torralba, and A. Oliva. 2009. “Modelling Search for People in 900 Scenes: A Combined Source Model of Eye Guidance.” Visual Cognition 17 (6–7): 945–978. doi:10.1080/13506280902834720.
  • Ewing, R. H., and K. Bartholomew. 2013. Pedestrian- & Transit-Oriented Design. Washington DC: Urban Land Institute.
  • Frau, G. 2015. “Natural Perceptual Wayfinding for Urban Accessibility of the Elderly with Early-Stage AD.” TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment 9: 106–113. https://oaj.fupress.net/index.php/techne/article/view/4426/4426
  • Gaber, J., and S. Gaber. 2007. Qualitative Analysis for Planning and Policy : Beyond the Numbers. Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Gehl, J. 2010. Cities for People. Washington DC: Island Press.
  • Groff, E. R. 2007. “‘Situating’ Simulation to Model Human Spatio–Temporal Interactions: An Example Using Crime Events.” Transactions in GIS 11 (4): 507–530. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9671.2007.01058.x.
  • Hollander, J. B., and E. M. Anderson. 2020. “The Impact of Urban Façade Quality on Affective Feelings.” Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 14 (2): 219–232. doi:10.1108/ARCH-07-2019-0181.
  • Hollander, J. B., A. Sussman, A. Purdy Levering, and C. Foster-Karim. 2020. “Using Eye-Tracking to Understand Human Responses to Traditional Neighborhood Designs.” Planning Practice & Research 35 (5): 485–509. doi:10.1080/02697459.2020.1768332.
  • Holmqvist, K., M. Nystrom, R. Andersson, R. Dewhurst, H. Jarodska, and V. D. W. Joost. 2011. Eye Tracking: A Comprehensive Guide to Methods and Measures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kandel, E. R. 2012. The Age of Insight: The Quest to Understand the Unconscious in Art, Mind, and Brain: From Vienna 1900 to the Present. New York: Random House.
  • Kanwisher, N., J. McDermott, and M. M. Chun. 1997. “The Fusiform Face Area: A Module in Human Extrastriate Cortex Specialized for Face Perception.” The Journal of Neuroscience 17 (11): 4302–4311. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-11-04302.1997.
  • Kaplan, S., and R. Kaplan. 1982. Cognition and Environment: Functioning in an Uncertain World. London: Praeger.
  • Kaplan, R., S. Kaplan, and R. Ryan. 1998. With People in Mind: Design and Management of Everyday Nature. Washington: Island Press.
  • Keliikoa, L. B., M. Y. Packard, H. Hansen Smith, I. N. Kim, K. A. Akasaki, and D. A. Stupplebeen. 2018. “Evaluation of a Community Wayfinding Signage Project in Hawaii: Perspectives of Pedestrians and Bicyclists.” Journal of Transport & Health 11: 25–33. doi:10.1016/j.jth.2018.09.008.
  • Kiefer, P., I. Giannopoulos, M. Raubal, and A. Duchowski. 2017. “Eye Tracking for Spatial Research: Cognition, Computation, Challenges.” Spatial Cognition & Computation 17 (1–2): 1–19. doi:10.1080/13875868.2016.1254634.
  • Klein, T. M., T. Drobnik, and A. Grêt-Regamey. 2016. “Shedding Light on the Usability of Ecosystem ServicesEcosystem Services–Based Decision Support Systems: An Eye-Tracking Study Linked to the Cognitive Probing Approach.” Ecosystem ServicesEcosystem Services 19 (June): 65–86. doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.04.002.
  • Kuliga, S. F., T. Thrash, R. C. Dalton, and C. Hölscher. 2015. “Virtual Reality as an Empirical Research Tool — Exploring User Experience in a Real Building and a Corresponding Virtual Model.” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 54: 363–375. doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.09.006.
  • Lantieri, C., M. Costa, V. Vignali, E. M. Acerra, P. Marchetti, and A. Simone. 2020. “Flashing in-Curb Leds and Beacons at Unsignalized Crosswalks and Driver’s Visual Attention to Pedestrians during Nighttime.” Ergonomics 64(3): 330–341. November 17. doi:10.1080/00140139.2020.1834149.
  • Lynch, K. 1960. The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • McKone, E., K. Crookes, L. Jeffery, and D. D. Dilks. 2012. “A Critical Review of the Development of Face Recognition: Experience is Less Important Than Previously Believed.” Cognitive Neuropsychology 29 (1–2): 174–212. doi:10.1080/02643294.2012.660138.
  • O’Keefe, J., and L. Nadel. 1978. The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Peponis, J., C. Zimring, and Y. Kyung Choi. 1990. “Finding the Building in Wayfinding.” Environment and Behavior 22 (5): 555–590. doi:10.1177/0013916590225001.
  • Poole, A., and L. J. Ball. 2006. “Eye Tracking in HCI and Usability Research.” Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction 211–219. doi:10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch034.
  • Potocka, I. 2013. “The Lakescape in the Eyes of a Tourist.” Quageo 32 (3): 85–97. doi:10.2478/quageo-2013-0018.
  • Rybarczyk, G. 2014. “Simulating Bicycle Wayfinding Mechanisms in an Urban Environment.” Urban, Planning and Transport Research 2 (1): 89–104. doi:10.1080/21650020.2014.906909.
  • Spiers, H. J., and E. A. Maguire. 2008. “The Dynamic Nature of Cognition during Wayfinding.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 28 (3): 232–249. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.02.006.
  • Sussman, A., and J. B. Hollander. 2021. Cognitive Architecture: Designing for How We Respond to the Built Environment. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
  • Torralba, A., A. Oliva, M. S. Castelhano, and J. M. Henderson. 2006. “Contextual Guidance of Eye Movements and Attention in Real-World Scenes: The Role of Global Features in Object Search.” Psychological Review 113 (4): 766–786. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.113.4.766.
  • UMass Donahue Institute. 2020. “Devens Economic Profile and Contributions an Economic Impact Study of Businesses and Organizations Located in Devens, MA, FY20.” June. Accessed 16 September 2020. https://www.massdevelopment.com/assets/pdfs/Devens-Economic-Profile-and-Contribution-062020.pdf
  • Veleva, V. 2012. “Devens Sustainability Indicator Report 2000–2012: Progress Report.” Accessed August 2019. http://www.devensec.com/sustain/indicators/2012_Sustainability_Progress_Report_Final.pdf
  • Vignali, V., F. Cuppi, E. Acerra, A. Bichicchi, C. Lantieri, A. Simone, and M. Costa. 2019. “Effects of Median Refuge Island and Flashing Vertical Sign on Conspicuity and Safety of Unsignalized Crosswalks.” Transportation Research. Part F, Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 60: 427–439. January. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2018.10.033.
  • Vilar, E., F. Rebelo, P. Noriega, J. Teles, and C. Mayhorn. 2014. “Signage Versus Environmental Affordances: Is the Explicit Information Strong Enough to Guide Human Behavior during a Wayfinding Task?“ Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 25 (4): 439–452. November. doi:10.1002/hfm.20557.
  • Xie, H., L. Filippidis, E. R. Galea, D. Blackshields, and P. J. Lawrence. 2011. “Experimental Analysis of the Effectiveness of Emergency Signage and Its Implementation in Evacuation Simulation.” Fire and Materials 36 (5–6): 367–382. August. doi:10.1002/fam.1095.
  • Zeisel, J. 1984. Inquiry by Design: Tools for Environment-Behaviour Research. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Zeisel, J., N. M. Silverstein, J. Hyde, S. Levkoff, M. Powell Lawton, and W. Holmes. 2003. “Environmental Correlates to Behavioral Health Outcomes in Alzheimer's Special Care Units.” The Gerontologist 43 (5): 697–711. doi:10.1093/geront/43.5.697.
  • Zhang, L., M. H. Tong, T. K. Marks, H. Shan, and G. W. Cottrell. 2008. “Sun: A Bayesian Framework for Saliency Using Natural Statistics.” Journal of Vision 8 (7): 1–20. December. doi:10.1167/8.7.32.
  • Zheng, M.-C. 2012. “Time Constraints in Emergencies Affecting the Use of Information Signs in Wayfinding Behavior.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 35: 440–448. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.109.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.