276
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Informal extension of public housing estates in Nairobi – an appraisal of historical typologies and emergent spatial patterns

ORCID Icon
Pages 663-681 | Received 30 Sep 2022, Accepted 09 Feb 2023, Published online: 20 Feb 2023

References

  • Abed, A., B. Obeidat, and I. Gharaibeh. 2022. “The Impact of Socio-Cultural Factors on the Transformation of House Layout: A Case of Public Housing-Zebdeh-Farkouh, in Jordan.” Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 1–14. doi:10.1080/13467581.2022.2074021.
  • Abu-Lughod, J. 1975. “The Legitimacy of Comparisons in Comparative Urban Studies: A Theoretical Position and an Application to North African Cities.” Urban Affairs Quarterly 11 (1): 13–35. doi:10.1177/107808747501100102.
  • Achola, M. A. 2001. “Colonial Policy and Urban Health: The Case of Colonial Nairobi.” AZANIA: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa 36 (1): 119–137. doi:10.1080/00672700109511703.
  • Anderson, D. M. 2001. “Corruption at City Hall: African Housing and Urban Development in Colonial Nairobi.” In The Urban Experience in East Africa C. 1750–2000, edited by A. Burton, 138–154. Vol. 36. Azania: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa.
  • Anyamba, T. 2011. “Informal Urbanism in Nairobi.” Built Environment 37 (1): 57–77. doi:10.2148/benv.37.1.57.
  • Aryani, S. M., and I. E. S. Wahyuningsih. 2015. “The House Design Transformation: The Preferences and the Patterns.” Procedia Environmental Sciences 28: 717–724. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.084.
  • Bayat, A. 1997. “Un-civil Society: The Politics of The’informal People’.” Third World Quarterly 18 (1): 53–72. doi:10.1080/01436599715055.
  • Burgess, R. 1985. “The Limits of State self–help Housing Programmes.” Development and Change 16 (2): 271–312. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1985.tb00211.x.
  • Busaka, B. A. 1985. Public Housing Policy and the Plight of Small Households in Urban Kenya: A Case Study of Nairobi Public Housing. Nairobi: University of Nairobi.
  • Davis, H. 2006. The Culture of Building. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Dovey, K., and R. King. 2011. “Forms of Informality: Morphology and Visibility of Informal Settlements.” Built Environment 37 (1): 11–29. doi:10.2148/benv.37.1.11.
  • Dovey, K., M. van Oostrum, I. Chatterjee, and T. Shafique. 2020. “Towards a Morphogenesis of Informal Settlements.” Habitat International 104: 102240. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102240.
  • Dovey, K., M. van Oostrum, T. Shafique, I. Chatterjee, and E. Pafka. In press 2023. Atlas of Informal Settlement: Understanding Self-Organized Urban Design. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Galal Ahmed, K. 2015. “Sustainable Community and user-controlled Housing Processes in Cairo, Egypt:‘no-harm’principle as a Regulatory Mechanism.” International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 7 (1): 33–60. doi:10.1080/19463138.2014.991736.
  • Geertman, S. 2007. The self-organizing City in Vietnam: Processes of Change and Transformation in Housing in Hanoi. Eindhoven: Bouwstenen Publicatieburo Eindhoven.
  • Githua, B. 2013. “Rational Utopias/Irrational Dystopias? Sites and Services in Eastlands, Nairobi.” Planum. The Journal of Urbanism 26 (1): 1–18.
  • Habraken, J. 1998. The Structure of the Ordinary: Form and Control in the Built Environment. Cambridge, MA: MIT press.
  • Harris, R., and A. Hay. 2007. “New Plans for Housing in Urban Kenya, 1939–63.” Planning Perspectives 22 (2): 195–223. doi:10.1080/02665430701213580.
  • Hoek-Smit, M. 1989. Evaluation of Umoja II: An Experimental Housing Project in Nairobi. Washington DC: Office of Housing and Urban Programs, US Agency for International Development.
  • Huchzermeyer, M. 2011. Tenement Cities: From 19th Century Berlin to 21st Century Nairobi. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
  • Keivani, R., and E. Werna. 2001. “Modes of Housing Provision in Developing Countries.” Progress in Planning 55 (2): 65–118. doi:10.1016/S0305-9006(00)00022-2.
  • Khan, T. H. 2014. Houses in Transformation: Search for the Implicit Reasons. New York: Springer.
  • Lemanski, C. 2009. “Augmented Informality: South Africa’s Backyard Dwellings as a by-product of Formal Housing Policies.” Habitat International 33 (4): 472–484. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2009.03.002.
  • Macoloo, G. 1998. “The Relevance of Kenya’s Urban Settlement Policies for Independent South Africa.” South African Geographical Journal 80 (2): 81–85. doi:10.1080/03736245.1998.9713649.
  • Makachia, P. A. 2011. “Evolution of Urban Housing Strategies and dweller-initiated Transformations in Nairobi.” City, Culture and Society 2 (4): 219–234. doi:10.1016/j.ccs.2011.11.001.
  • Makachia, P. A. 2013. “Design Strategy and Informal Transformations in Urban Housing.” Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 28 (1): 167–186. doi:10.1007/s10901-012-9310-9.
  • Makachia, P. 2019. “Evolution of the ‘Modern’expression in African Housing: An Investigation of the Architectural Expression in African Residential Space Using Case Studies from Eastland’s Housing Estates, Nairobi.” PARALAXE 6 (1): 70–100.
  • Martin, A., and P. Bezemer. 2020. “The Concept and Planning of Public Native Housing Estates in Nairobi/ Kenya,1918–1948.” Planning Perspectives 35 (4): 609–634. doi:10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785.
  • McFarlane, C. 2010. “The Comparative City: Knowledge, Learning, Urbanism.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 34 (4): 725–742. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00917.x.
  • Milikau, E. S. 2001. National Housing Corporation Programmes: The Case of Kibera Housing Schemes. (M.arch.). Nairobi: University of Nairobi.
  • Mwangi, I. K. 1997. “The Nature of Rental Housing in Kenya.” Environment and Urbanization 9 (2): 141–160. doi:10.1177/095624789700900205.
  • Myers, G. A. 2003. Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
  • Napier, M. 2002. Core Housing, Enablement and Urban Poverty: The Consolidation Paths of Households Living in Two South African Settlements. Newcastle, UK: Newcastle University.
  • Ndung’u, N. 1989. “The Housing Problem in Kenya.” WAJIBU 4 (3): 10–12.
  • Nord, C. 2022. “Post-colonial Architecture: Deterritorialisation of Apartheid Township Housing and mass-housing.” The Journal of Architecture 27 (1): 71–93. doi:10.1080/13602365.2022.2054015.
  • O’Brien, D., S. Carrasco, and K. Dovey. 2020. “Incremental Housing: Harnessing Informality at Villa Verde.” Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 14 (3): 345–358. doi:10.1108/ARCH-10-2019-0237.
  • Oxman, R., G. Herbert, and A. Wachman. 1985. “Strategies of Growth and Staged Building in Housing.” Habitat International 9 (1): 25–31. doi:10.1016/0197-3975(85)90030-X.
  • Rukwaro, R. W., and R. M. Kieti. 2019. “Spatial Design Parameters for Residential Extensions: The Case of Buru Buru Estate in Nairobi, Kenya.” Architectural Engineering Design Management 15 (1): 29–47. doi:10.1080/17452007.2018.1489212.
  • Shihembetsa, L. U. (1995). “User Needs in Urban Low-Income Housing: Towards a Framework for Creating User Responsive Environments in Nairobi, Kenya.” PhD, University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne.
  • Smith, C. 2019. Nairobi in the Making: Landscapes of Time and Urban Belonging. Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer.
  • Tipple, A. G. 2000. Extending Themselves: User-initiated Transformations of government-built Housing in Developing Countries. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press.
  • Trancik, R. 1986. Finding Lost Space: Theories of Urban Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
  • van Oostrum, M. 2020. “Informal Laneway Encroachment: Reassessing public/private Interface Transformation in Urban Villages.” Habitat International 104: 102259. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102259.
  • Van Oostrum, M. 2021. “Appropriating Public Space: Transformations of Public Life and Loose Parts in Urban Villages.” Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 15 (1): 84–105.
  • Wanjiku, M. C., M. A. Munyua, and J. Nyabuti. 2020. The Quality of an Urban Residential Neighbourhood: A Case Study of Umoja I Estate. Nairobi: University of Nairobi.
  • Wekesa, B., G. S. Steyn, and F. F. Otieno. 2011. “A Review of Physical and socio-economic Characteristics and Intervention Approaches of Informal Settlements.” Habitat International 35 (2): 238–245. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2010.09.006.
  • Yang, S., and M. J. H. I. van Oostrum. 2020. “The self-governing Redevelopment Approach of Maquanying: Incremental socio-spatial Transformation in One of Beijing’s Urban Villages.“ Habitat International 104: 102235.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.