1,075
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Papers

Introducing gender to the critique of privatized public space

Pages 155-178 | Published online: 27 Apr 2007

References

  • Banerjee , T. and Loukaitou‐Sideris , A. 1992 . Private Production of Downtown Public Open Space: Experiences of Los Angeles and San Francisco , Los Angeles , CA : University of Southern California .
  • Bensley , J. 1997 . What women want in shopping and entertainment . Shopping Center Business , July : 41 – 44 .
  • Blakely , E.J. and Snyder , M.G. 1997 . Fortress America: Gated Communities in the United States , Washington, DC : Brookings Institution Press .
  • Bondi , L. and Peake , L. 1988 . “ Gender and the city: urban politics revisited ” . In Women in Cities: Gender and the Urban Environment , Edited by: Little , J. , Peake , L. and Richardson , P. 21 – 40 . London : Macmillan Education .
  • Borisoff , D. and Hahn , D.F. 1997 . “ The mirror in the window: displaying our gender biases ” . In Voices in the Street: Explorations in Gender, Media, and Public Space , Edited by: Drucker , S.J. and Gumpert , G. 101 – 117 . Cresskill , NJ : Hampton Press .
  • Bowlby , S.R. 1984 . Planning for women to shop in postwar Britain . Environment and Planning D , 2 : 179 – 199 .
  • Bowlby , S. 1988 . “ From corner shop to hypermarket: women and food retailing ” . In Women in Cities: Gender and the Urban Environment , Edited by: Little , J. , Peake , L. and Richardson , P. 61 – 83 . London : Macmillan Education .
  • Bowman , C.G. 1993 . Street harassment and the informal ghettoization of women . Harvard Law Review , 106 (3) : 517 – 580 .
  • Boyer , M.C. 1992 . “ Cities for sale: merchandising history at South Street Seaport ” . In Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space , Edited by: Sorkin , M. 181 – 204 . New York : Hill & Wang .
  • Boys , J. 1985 . “ Women and public space ” . In Making Space: Women and the Man‐made Environment , Edited by: Matrix . 37 – 54 . London : Pluto Press .
  • Brill , M. 1989 . “ Transformation, nostalgia, and illusion about public life and public environments ” . In Public Places and Spaces , Edited by: Altman , I. and Zube , E. 7 – 29 . New York : Plenum .
  • Brown , D. , Sijpkes , P. and Maclean , M. 1986 . The community role of public indoor spaces . Journal of Architectural and Planning Research , 3 : 161 – 172 .
  • Carr , S. , Francis , M. , Rivlin , L.G. and Stone , A.M. 1992 . Public Space , Victoria : Cambridge University Press .
  • Clarke , D.B. 1997 . Consumption and the city, modern and postmodern . International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 21 (2) : 218 – 237 .
  • Cranz , G. 1982 . The Politics of Park Design , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
  • Crawford , M. 1992 . “ The world in a shopping mall ” . In Variation on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space , Edited by: Sorkin , M. 3 – 30 . New York : Hill & Wang .
  • Davis , M. 1991 . City of Quartz , London : Verso .
  • Day , K. 1994 . Conceptualizing women's fear of sexual assault on campus: a review of causes and recommendations for change . Environment & Behavior , 26 (6) : 742 – 765 .
  • Day , K. 1995 . Assault prevention as social control: women and sexual assault prevention on urban college campuses . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 15 : 261 – 281 .
  • Day , K. in press . Embassies and sanctuaries: women's experiences of race and fear in public space . Environment and Planning D: Society and Space ,
  • Day , K. in press . Strangers in the night: women's fear of sexual assault on urban college campuses . Journal of Architectural and Planning Research ,
  • de Oliver , M. 1997 . ‘Democratizing’ consumerism? Coalescing constructions of subjugation in the consumer landscape . Gender, Place and Culture , 4 (2) : 211 – 233 .
  • Dixey , R. 1988 . “ A means to get out of the house: working‐class women, leisure and bingo ” . In Women in Cities: Gender and the Urban Environment , Edited by: Little , J. , Peake , L. and Richardson , P. 117 – 132 . London : Macmillan Education .
  • Drucker , S.J. and Gumpert , G. 1997a . “ Shopping, women, and public space ” . In Voices in the Street: Explorations in Gender, Media, and Public Space , Edited by: Drucker , S. J. and Gumpert , G. 119 – 136 . Cresskill , NJ : Hampton Press .
  • Drucker , S.J. and Gumpert , G. , eds. 1997b . Voices in the Street: Explorations in Gender, Media, and Public Space , Cresskill , NJ : Hampton Press .
  • Dumm , T. 1993 . “ The new enclosures: racism in the normalized community ” . In Reading Rodney King/Reading Urban Uprising , Edited by: Gooding‐Williams , R. 178 – 195 . New York : Routledge .
  • Feagin , J.R. 1991 . The continuing significance of race: antiblack discrimination in public places . American Sociological Review , 56 (February) : 101 – 116 .
  • Ford , R. 1994 . Imagined cities . Transitions , 68 : 28 – 48 .
  • Fox , G.L. 1977 . ‘Nice girl’: social control of women through a value construct . Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society , 2 : 805 – 817 .
  • Franck , K.A. 1989 . “ A feminist approach to architecture: acknowledging women's ways of knowing ” . In Architecture: A Place for Women , Edited by: Berkeley , E.P. and McQuaid , M. 201 – 216 . Washington, DC : Smithsonian Institution Press .
  • Franck , K. and Paxson , L. 1989 . “ Women and Urban public space ” . In Public Places and Spaces , Edited by: Altman , I. and Zube , E. 121 – 146 . New York : Plenum .
  • Frederick , C.J. and Shaw , S.M. 1995 . Body image as a leisure constraint: examining the experience of aerobic exercise classes for young women . Leisure Sciences , 17 : 57 – 73 .
  • Gardiner , C.B. 1980 . Passing by: street remarks, address rights, and the urban female . Sociological Inquiry , 50 : 328 – 356 .
  • Gardiner , C.B. 1988 . Access information: public lies and private peril . Social Problems , 35 (4) : 384 – 397 .
  • Gardiner , C.B. 1989 . Analyzing gender in public places: rethinking Goffman's vision of everyday life . American Sociologist , 20 (1) : 42 – 56 .
  • Gardiner , C.B. 1994 . “ Out of place: gender, public places, and situational disadvantage ” . In NowHere: Space, Time and Modernity , Edited by: Friedland , R. and Boden , D. 335 – 355 . Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
  • Gardiner , C.B. 1995 . Passing by: Gender and Public Harassment , Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
  • Garreau , J. 1991 . Edge Cities: Life on the New Frontier , New York : Doubleday .
  • Garvin , A. 1996 . The American City: What Works, What Doesn't , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
  • Gerloff , R. 1993 . Public space minus the public . Utne Reader , 55 (January/February) : 46 48
  • Gilligan , C. 1982 . In a Different Voice , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Gilligan , C. , Lyons , N.P. and Hanmer , T.J. 1990 . Making Connections: The Relational Worlds of Adolescent Girls at Emma Willard School , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Gordon , M.T. and Riger , S. 1989 . The Female Fear , New York : Free Press .
  • Gottdiener , M. 1986 . “ Recapturing the center: a semiotic analysis of shopping malls ” . In The City and the Sign: An Introduction to Urban Semiotics , Edited by: Gottdiener , M. and Lagopoulos , A.P. 288 – 302 . New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Harrington , M. , Dawson , D. and Bolla , P. 1992 . Objective and subjective constraints on women's enjoyment of leisure . Society and Leisure , 15 (1) : 203 – 221 .
  • Hayden , D. 1984 . Redesigning the American Dream: The Future of Housing, Work, and Family Life , New York : W. W. Norton .
  • Hayden , D. 1995 . The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
  • Henderson , K.A. , Bialeschki , M.D. , Shaw , S.M. and Fresinger , V.J. 1996 . Both Gains and Gaps: Feminist Perspectives on Women's Leisure , State College , PA : Venture Publishing .
  • Hooks , B. 1990 . Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics , Boston , MA : South End Press .
  • Hopkins , J.S.P. 1991 . West Edmonton Mall as a centre for social interaction . Canadian Geographer , 35 (3) : 268 – 279 .
  • Horna , J.L. A. 1993 . Married life and leisure: a multidimensional study of couples . World Leisure and Recreation , 35 (3) : 17 – 21 .
  • Huxtable , A.L. 1997 . The Unreal America: Architecture and Illusion , New York : the New Press .
  • Kent , F.I. I. and Madden , K.A. 1994 . Streets vs malls: the modern dilemma of urban public spaces . Los Angeles Times , 4 December : M2 M5
  • Kling , R. , Olin , S. and Poster , M. , eds. 1991 . Postsuburban California: The Transformation of Orange County since World War II , Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
  • Kowinski , W.S. 1985 . The Malling of America. An Inside Look at the Great Consumer Paradise , New York : William Morrow .
  • Lewis , G.H. 1990 . Community through exclusion and illusion: the creation of social worlds in an American shopping mall . Journal of Popular Culture , 24 (2) : 121 – 136 .
  • Lofland , L. 1984 . Women and urban public space . Women and Environments , 6 (2) : 12 – 14 .
  • Loukaitou‐Sideris , A. 1990 . “ Designing the inaccessible plaza ” . In On Architecture, the City, and Technology , Edited by: Angelil , M.M. 48 – 51 . Stoneham , MA : Butterworth‐Heinemann .
  • Massey , D. and Denton , N. 1993 . American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • McDowell , L. 1983 . Towards an understanding of the gender division of urban space . Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , : 59 – 72 .
  • McRobbie , A. 1994 . Postmodernism and Popular Culture) , London : Routledge .
  • Meyrowitz , J. 1985 . No Sense of Place: The Impact of Electronic Media on Social Behavior , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Miles , M. 1997 . Art, Space and the City: Public Art and Urban Futures , London : Routledge .
  • Mitchell , D. 1996 . Introduction: public space and the city . Urban Geography , 17 (2) : 127 – 131 .
  • Mozingo , L. 1985 . Public space in the balance . Landscape Architecture , 2 : 43 – 47 .
  • Mozingo , L. 1989 . Women and downtown open space . Places , 6 (1) : 38 – 47 .
  • Nager , A. and Nelson‐Schulman , Y. 1980 . Women in public places . Centerpoint , 3, 3/4 (11) : 144 – 150 .
  • Namaste , K. 1996 . Genderbashing: sexuality, gender, and the regulation of public space . Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , 14 : 221 – 240 .
  • Newman , M. 1985 . Los Angeles’ defensible parks . Landscape Architecture , 2 : 49 – 50 .
  • Oldenburg , R. 1989 . The Great Good Place: Cafés, Coffee Shops, Community Centers, Beauty Parlors, General Stores, Bars, Hangouts, and How They Get You Through the Day , New York : Paragon House .
  • Patton , M.Q. 1990 . Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods , Beverly Hills , CA : Sage .
  • Pickup , L. 1984 . Women's gender role and its influence on travel behavior . Built Environment , 10 : 61 – 68 .
  • Project for Public Spaces (no date) Memorandum on public access to airport facilities (153 Waverley Place, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10014)
  • Ritzdorf , M. 1994 . “ A feminist analysis of gender and residential zoning in the United States ” . In Women and the Environment , Edited by: Altman , I. and Churchman , A. 255 – 279 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Ruddick , S. 1996 . Constructing difference in public spaces: race, class and gender as interlocking systems . Urban Geography , 17 (2) : 132 – 151 .
  • Sennett , R. 1991 . The Conscience of the Eye: The Design and Social Life of Cities , New York : Alfred A. Knopt .
  • Shaw , S.M. 1994 . Gender, leisure, and constraint: towards a framework for the analysis of women's leisure . Journal of Leisure Research , 26 (1) : 8 – 22 .
  • Shields , J. 1990 . The American mall: towards a corporate control of ‘public’ space . Urbanism , 3 : 34 – 39 .
  • Soja , E. 1989 . Postmodern Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory , London : Verso .
  • Soja , E.W. 1996 . Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real‐and‐imagined Places , Cambridge , MA : Blackwell .
  • Sorkin , M. 1992a . “ Introduction: variation on a theme park ” . In Variation on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space , Edited by: Sorkin , M. xi – xv . New York : Hill & Wang .
  • Sorkin , M. 1992b . “ See you in Disneyland ” . In Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space , Edited by: Sorkin , M. 205 – 232 . New York : & Wang .
  • Spayde , J. 1997 . A way out of wonderland: is a real life possible anymore? . Utne Reader , : 49 – 54 .
  • Swanson , G. 1995 . “ ‘Drunk with the glitter’: consuming spaces and sexual geographies ” . In Postmodern Cities and Spaces , Edited by: Watson , S. and Gibson , K. 80 – 98 . Oxford : Blackwell .
  • Tattelman , I. Remembering the bathhouse . paper presented at the Architectural Research Centers Consortium . April 29–30 , Washington, DC .
  • Tivers , J. 1985 . Women Attached: The Daily Lives of Women with Young Children , London : Croom Helm .
  • Tivers , J. 1988 . “ Women with young children: constraints on activities in the urban environment ” . In Women in Cities: Gender and the Urban Environment , Edited by: Little , J. , Peake , L. and Richardson , P. 84 – 97 . London : Macmillan Education .
  • Tooley , J.A. 1989 . The mall: a woman's world . US News and World Report , 107 (5) : 66
  • US Census Bureau . (December) 1998 . The Official Statistics. 1990 Census Lookup (December) , http://venus.census.gov/cdrom/lookup
  • Valentine , G. 1992 . Images of danger: women's sources of information about the spatial distribution of male violence . Area , 24 (1) : 22 – 29 .
  • Valentine , G. 1995 . Out and about: geographies of lesbian landscapes . International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 19 (1) : 96 – 111 .
  • Valentine , G. 1996 . Children should be seen and not heard: the production and transgression of adults’ public space . Urban Geography , 17 (3) : 205 – 220 .
  • Watson , S. and Gibson , K. , eds. 1995 . Postmodern Cities and Spaces , Oxford : Blackwell .
  • Weightman , B.A. 1980 . Gay bars as private places . Landscape , 24 (1) : 9 – 16 .
  • Weisman , L.K. 1992 . Discrimination by Design: A Feminist Critique of the Man‐made Environment , Urbana , IL : University of Illinois Press .
  • Wenner , L. 1997 . “ In search of the sports bar: masculinity, alcohol, sports, and the mediation of public space ” . In Voices in the Street. Explorations in Gender, Media, and Public Space , Edited by: Drucker , S.J. and Gumpert , G. 71 – 100 . Cresskill , NJ : Hampton Press .
  • Wilson , E. 1991 . The Sphinx in the City: Urban Life, Control of Disorder, and Women , Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
  • Wilson , E. 1995 . “ The invisible flâneur ” . In Postmodern Cities and Spaces , Edited by: Watson , S. and Gibson , K. 59 – 79 . Oxford : Blackwell .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.